美国会禁止非法进口木材     

Liz Switzer  龙超 《国际木业》2008,38(6):19-20

国会已经通过了具有里程碑意义的两党立法,禁止进口非法采伐木材和木材产品。众议院和参议院已经以压倒总统否决权的绝对优势通过了抗击非法木材采伐法案（The Combat Illegal Logging Act）,严禁可能的黑市木材产品交易活动。  相似文献   

Microbial Community Analysis of Water, Foregut, and Hindgut during Growth of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in Closed-System Aquaculture     

Crystal N.  Johnson  Sue  Barnes  John  Ogle  D. Jay  Grimes Yun-Juan  Chang  Aaron D.  Peacock  Liz  Kline 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2008,39(2):251-258

In closed recirculating systems, a particulate matter consisting of bacteria, algae, fungi, and detritus develops spontaneously. This microbial floc can serve as a high‐protein food source for finfish and shellfish and has the potential to supplement the protein required in shrimp feed. To advance the use of microbial floc as a feed supplement, it is necessary to manipulate its microbial components, which requires thorough characterization of the bacterial components. Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, were raised in a closed recirculating system, and water was compared to the contents of shrimp foreguts and hindguts. Water consistently contained less microbial biomass than did shrimp guts, but 16S rDNA sequences indicated that water was more diverse than shrimp guts. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences retrieved from water and shrimp foregut grouped these sequences into various unrelated generic clusters. Fatty acid analysis demonstrated that shrimp feed was not a major contributor of microbial fatty acids to shrimp tanks, as the feed mostly contained polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are typically found only in eukaryotes. It is hoped that elucidating more details about the various components of microbial floc will help in understanding its development and will lead to its use as a high‐protein feed supplement.  相似文献   

The effect of paclobutrazol on the growth of cider apple trees,cv Michelin,when applied to orchard alleyway swards to suppress grass growth     

Liz Copas  R. R. Williams  Gillian M. Arnold 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):455-458

Summary

Paclobutrazol was applied, with or without mefluidide, to the grassed alleyways between the bare soil tree lines in a bush cider orchard cv Michelin. The chemical not only suppressed grass growth but, in the year following application, produced typical paclobutrazol effects on the trees in adjacent rows including a reduction in growth.  相似文献   

Effect of challenge dose and route on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in young swine   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Yoon KJ  Zimmerman JJ  Chang CC  Cancel-Tirado S  Harmon KM  McGinley MJ 《Veterinary research》1999,30(6):629-638

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is perceived to be highly infectious because of the rapid spread of the virus through populations of domestic swine throughout the world. However, no information has been published on the minimum infectious dose of PRRSV and the effect of challenge dose on clinical response. In this experiment, ten groups of pigs (n = 3 per group) were inoculated with one of five different quantities (10(1)-10(5) fluorescent foci units per millilitre) of PRRSV (isolate ISU-P) by either intramuscular or intranasal routes. Clinical signs and body temperature were monitored for 21 days. Serum was collected periodically throughout the study period to monitor the presence of virus in serum and the early immune response of pigs. A 2-mL inoculum containing 10(1) fluorescent foci units of virus per millilitre was found sufficient to achieve infection by either route. Time to onset of clinical signs was highly associated with challenge dose (P < 0.01), regardless of route of exposure. However, no dose- or route-dependent differences in the severity of clinical manifestation were observed. No significant differences in the time of onset or degree of humoural immune response to PRRSV infection were observed between different treatment groups. However, intramuscular exposure appeared to induce a more uniform antibody response compared to intranasal exposure. These results confirmed that PRRSV is highly infectious; a fact that should be taken into consideration when designing strategies for the prevention and control of PRRSV.  相似文献   

Smallholder reforestation and livelihoods in the humid tropics: a systematic mapping study     

Liz Ota  John Herbohn  Steve Harrison  Nestor Gregorio  Vera Lex Engel 《Agroforestry Systems》2018,92(6):1597-1609

Systematic mapping studies provide a snapshot of the literature based on systematic literature searches. In this systematic mapping study, the original research that links reforestation and livelihoods in the tropics was mapped and analysed to identify the trends, biases and gaps in the literature. In total, 339 papers from 92 journals were identified. Agroforestry Systems was the journal in which articles were most frequently published, and Cameroon and Indonesia the most frequently studied countries. The greatest number of authors came from the USA, and authors were most commonly affiliated with ICRAF. A limited collaboration between research groups in the tropical regions was identified. Anthropology and Social Sciences were the most frequent areas of research, especially in Africa. Latin America had more technical studies and more publications discussing payment for environmental services than the other regions. Based on the temporal analysis of the main terms in abstracts of the publications included, it was found that agriculture-related terms and terms related to the human component in the landscape were consistently prevalent in the literature relating reforestation and livelihoods throughout time. Agroforestry systems were especially important in small-scale reforestation and livelihoods. Trends, biases and gaps were discussed. Broader cooperation between tropical regions and between clusters of authors would be beneficial for research and practice.  相似文献   

Detection of pseudorabies virus infection in subunit-vaccinated and nonvaccinated pigs using a nucleocapsid-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M J McGinley  D L Todd  H T Hill  K B Platt 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》1992,4(2):164-169

The potential of a pseudorabies virus (PRV) nucleocapsid protein (NC)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a screening assay for PRV infection in subunit-vaccinated and nonvaccinated pigs was studied. The NC-ELISA compared favorably to a commercial ELISA for detecting PRV infection in nonvaccinated pigs. Virus-specific antibody was first detected by the NC-ELISA between days 14 and 21 in 5 pigs challenged intranasally with 10(4) PFU of virus. Antibody continued to be detected in these pigs through day 42, when the experiment was terminated. The NC-ELISA also detected antibody in 23 of 24 pigs from PRV-infected herds. In contrast, the commercial ELISA detected antibody 1 week earlier than the NC-ELISA in experimentally infected pigs but failed to detect antibody in 3 naturally exposed pigs that were identified by the NC-ELISA. Infection in these animals was confirmed by radioimmunoprecipitation analysis. The potential usefulness of the NC-ELISA for detecting infection in vaccinated pigs was also evaluated. The nucleocapsid-specific antibody responses of 10 PRV envelope glycoprotein subunit-vaccinated pigs were monitored prior to and following nasal exposure to a low dose (10(2.3) PFU) of PRV. Sera were collected periodically for 113 days after infection. Nucleocapsid-specific antibody responses measured by the NC-ELISA remained below the positive threshold before challenge but increased dramatically following virus exposure. Maximum ELISA responses were obtained on day 32 postchallenge (p.c.). Mean ELISA responses decreased thereafter but remained well above the positive threshold on day 113 p.c. PRV nucleocapsid protein can be used effectively as antigen in the ELISA for detecting PRV infection in both nonvaccinated and subunit-vaccinated pigs.  相似文献   

The cultivation-cattle complex in Western Darfur     

R.T. Wilson  Liz Bailey  J. Hales  D. Moles  A.E. Watkins 《Agricultural Systems》1980,5(2):119-135

The agricultural/livestock system of a 40,000 km² area in western Sudan is described. Details of the three main components—traditional rainfed agriculture, small-scale irrigation and animal husbandry—are given. Data on crop yields and livestock production at both the unit level and the system level are provided. Millet is the main cereal crop overall but sorghum occupies an important place in the intensively cultivated alluvial zones. Cash crops, including groundnuts, chillies and okra for drying, are of some importance. Onions are the main winter irrigated crop while mangoes and citrus are important tree crops. The livestock sector is dominated by cattle which account for more than 75% of the livestock units present. Gross output of the area at 1976 prices was calculated at £Sud 14·8 to £Sud 16·2 million (US$ 41·4 to US$ 45·4 million) equivalent to £Sud 41·7 to £Sud 45·6 per head of population and £Sud 3·70 to £Sud 4·05 per hectare. Of these totals between 33 and 36% could be attributed to livestock production.  相似文献   

Cytologic appearance of a keloidal fibrosarcoma in a dog   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Little LK  Goldschmidt M 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2007,36(4):364-367

A 5-year-old neutered male, mixed-breed dog was presented with a single 4-mm, nodular, firm, haired subcutaneous mass on the left flank that had been present for approximately 2 weeks. Cytologic preparations of the mass revealed many spindle cells, few mast cells, rare eosinophils, rare macrophages, abundant hyalinized collagen, and moderate numbers of erythrocytes. The spindle cells were oval to fusiform, with oval nuclei, finely stippled to lacy chromatin, 1-5 variably sized prominent nucleoli, and moderate to abundant cytoplasm with indistinct cell borders, wispy cytoplasmic extensions, and occasionally, fine magenta granulation. The cell population exhibited moderate anisocytosis, moderate anisokaryosis, and rare binucleation. The eosinophilic material occurred both in large angular aggregates with blunt ends and in amorphous aggregates with fine wispy projections. Histologic findings were consistent with a keloidal fibrosarcoma. To the authors' knowledge, this report is the first to describe the cytomorphologic characteristics of a keloidal fibrosarcoma in a dog.  相似文献   

Applying cover crop residues as diverse mixtures increases initial microbial assimilation of crop residue-derived carbon     

Xin Shu  Yiran Zou  Liz J. Shaw  Lindsay Todman  Mark Tibbett  Tom Sizmur 《European Journal of Soil Science》2022,73(2):e13232

  相似文献   

An assessment of potential pesticide transmission,considering the combined impact of soil texture and pesticide properties: A meta-analysis     

John McGinley  Jenny Harmon O’Driscoll  Mark G. Healy  Paraic C. Ryan  Per Eric Mellander  Liam Morrison  Oisin Callery  Alma Siggins 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(2):1162-1171

Pesticides are widely employed as a cost-effective means of reducing the impacts of undesirable plants and animals. The aim of this paper is to develop a risk ranking of transmission of key pesticides through soil to waterways, taking into account physico-chemical properties of the pesticides (soil half-life and water solubility), soil permeability, and the relationship between adsorption of pesticides and soil texture. This may be used as a screening tool for land managers, as it allows assessment of the potential transmission risks associated with the use of specified pesticides across a spectrum of soil textures. The twenty-eight pesticides examined were differentiated into three groups: herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. The highest risk of pesticide transmission through soils to waterways is associated with soils containing <20% clay or >45% sand. In a small number of cases, the resulting transmission risk is not influenced by soil texture alone. For example, for Phenmedipham, the transmission risk is higher for clay soils than for silt loam. The data generated in this paper may also be used in the identification of critical area sources, which have a high likelihood of pesticide transmission to waterways. Furthermore, they have the potential to be applied to GIS mapping, where the potential transmission risk values of the pesticides can be layered directly onto various soil textures.  相似文献