中华鳖不同生态养殖模式对池塘水环境及养殖效果的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田功太  巩俊霞  张金路  杜兴华  刘飞  张明磊  段登选 《水生态学杂志》2012,33(3):96-100

利用条件相近的两组池塘,对中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)的两种生态模式(Ⅰ组:中华鳖-吃食性鱼类鲤和草鱼模式;Ⅱ组:中华鳖-杂食性水生动物鲫和螺模式)对池塘水环境以及养殖效果的影响进行对比试验。结果表明,Ⅱ组CODMn在7、8、和9月显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),NH3在6、7、8和9月显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),TP在7月和8月显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),TN在6、7和8月显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),NO2--N在6月和7月显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组水环境质量较Ⅰ组好。Ⅱ组检出藻类47种,Ⅰ组34种,Ⅱ组种类显著增多(P<0.05);Ⅰ组蓝藻重量占83.18%,硅藻2.98%,隐藻2.65%,甲藻0%,Ⅱ组蓝藻58.59%,硅藻13.44%,隐藻14.00%,甲藻7.07%,Ⅱ组蓝藻明显下降,而硅藻、隐藻、甲藻明显上升(P<0.05)。6月Ⅰ组平均生物量4.18mg/L,Ⅱ组2.57mg/L,8月Ⅰ组29.04mg/L,Ⅱ组5.41mg/L,6月和8月Ⅰ组生物量均显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组Shannon-Wiener指数H’在6月和8月均值分别为2.117和0.7467,Ⅱ组均值分别为2.5427和1.0178,Ⅱ组6月和8月H’均明显增加(P<0.05);在6月,Ⅱ组Margalef丰富度指数d为1.8516,Ⅰ组为1.2499,Ⅱ组较Ⅰ组上升明显(P<0.05);两组的Pielou匀度均指数J差别不大。Ⅱ组中华鳖平均产量11782.5kg/hm2,显著高于Ⅰ组11482.5kg/hm2(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

Survival and long-term growth of eucalypts on semi-arid sites in a Mediterranean climate,South Africa§     

Ben du Toit  Gideon F Malherbe  Anton Kunneke  Thomas Seifert  C Brand Wessels 《Southern Forests》2017,79(3):235-249

Four experiments were established on the semi-arid west coast plain of South Africa during the 1990s. The trails tested the survival and growth of several eucalypt species and hybrids, some of which were established in a climate that is drier than their natural distribution range. The aridity indices (AI; defined as mean annual precipitation [MAP]/mean annual potential evapotranspiration) ranged from 0.21 to 0.36 and MAP from 228 to 423 mm. The driest trial site (AI = 0.21 and MAP = 228) had high levels of mortality. However, a number of species (in particular, Eucalyptus gomphocephala, E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis, as well as individual hybrids of the latter two species with E. grandis) survived and grew well at the remaining sites. Eucalyptus cladocalyx survived well and attained competitive growth rates only on the wettest site in the group (AI = 0.36). The dominant height of the top-performing genotypes at age 5 ranged between 9 and 10 m on the two wetter sites. This corresponded to mean annual increment values in excess of 10 m³ ha^?1 a^?1, which is comparable to volume obtained at more favourable aridity indices in the summer rainfall zone of South Africa and exceeds the growth rates obtained in several other arid zone studies globally. The E. grandis × E. camaldulensis hybrid ranked among the top performers in two trials, but its susceptibility to recently introduced pests and relatively poor wood quality makes it a less attractive choice for planting. The high density and durability of timber, acceptable growth rate (given the low rainfall conditions), and low pest and disease incidence make E. gomphocephala and E. cladocalyx the species of choice for planting in the drier and relatively wetter sections of the semi-arid zone, respectively.  相似文献   

Antioxidant activity and soluble sugars of African ginger (Siphonochilus aethiopicus) in response to irrigation regimen and nitrogen levels     

S. N. Mokgehle  H. T. Araya  C. P. du Plooy 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2017,67(5):425-434

African ginger (Siphonochilus aethiopicus), as a medicinal plant, is known for its medicinal properties, containing various antioxidant compounds and carbohydrates. Rhizome yield is improved by water regimens and fertilizers applied at plant phenological stages. However, the rhizomatous herb, which is traditionally used for the treatment of asthma, inflammation and malaria has limited information on water and nitrogen requirements for its production. This study assessed the effect of irrigation regimens (30%, 50% and 70% allowable depletion level (ADL) and nitrogen (N) levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200?kg?ha^?1) on antioxidant activity and carbohydrates on plant leaf, root and rhizome. The interaction treatment effect of severely stressed (70% ADL) with the N application of 100?kg?ha^?1 had significant effect on leaf phenolic concentration (87.02?±?2.51?mg?g^?1 gallic acid equivalent). Interaction effect of moderately stressed (50% ADL) and severely stressed (70% ADL) treatment with N application rate of 0?kg?ha^?1 had significant effect on plant flavonoids and phenolics in all plant parts. In plant carbohydrates, root had high sucrose content (47.68?±?9.0?mg?g^?1 dry weight) with the application of low N (0?kg?ha^?1) grown under severely stressed treatment. In conclusion, this implies that different S. aethiopicus parts can produce substantial amount of antioxidants and carbohydrates, as exhibited under low N and reduced water supply applied during the phenological cycle.  相似文献   

Description of the rusts from Kemaliye (Erzincan,Turkey)     

Makbule Erdoğdu  Elşad Hüseyin  Zekiye Suludere 《Phytoparasitica》2010,38(1):81-93

Twenty-two rust diseases caused by Melampsora euphorbiae, M. lini var. lini, Phragmidium mucronatum var. mucronatum, Ph. sanguisorbae, Gymnosporangium cornutum, G. confusum, G. tremelloides, Puccinia acarnae, P. annularis, P. eryngii, P. heterophyllae, P. hieracii, P. jasmini, P. menthae, P. nigrescens, P. pulverulenta, P. punctata, Uromyces dianthi, U. pisi-sativi, U. polygoni-avicularis, U. striatus and Pileolaria terebinthi were identified from Kemaliye (Erzincan) in Turkey. Puccinia heterophyllae is reported for the first time from Turkey.  相似文献   

簇毛麦6V染色体短臂特异性EST标记的开发及缺失定位     

陈升位  陈佩度 《麦类作物学报》2010,30(5):789-795

为了准确鉴定簇毛麦6VS易位染色体小片段的长度和断点位置,根据定位于小麦第6部分同源群染色体短臂不同区段的EST序列,利用PRIMER5.0软件设计PCR引物,成功开发出3个对6V染色体短臂特异的分子标记(CINAU89-740、CINAU90-730、CINAU91-390)。利用小麦和簇毛麦第六部分同源群染色体短臂的12个缺失系对簇毛麦6VS的8个特异性分子标记进行了定位。标记CINAU88-381、CINAU17-1086、CINAU15-902分别被定位在FL值为0.79~0.99、0.58~1.00、0.46~0.58的染色体区段,标记CI-NAU91-390、CINAU90-730、CINAU16-1650被定位在FL值为0.35~0.45的染色体区段,标记CINAU18-723、CINAU89-740被定位在FL值为0.00~0.45的染色体区段。利用这8个分子标记可以更准确地鉴定6VS小片段易位的断点和片段长度。  相似文献   

Lessons from 10 years of stakeholder adoption of a soil bioassay for assessing the risk of spinach Fusarium wilt     

Sanjaya Gyawali  Michael L. Derie  Emily W. Gatch  Dipak Sharma-Poudyal  Lindsey J. du Toit 《Plant pathology》2021,70(4):778-792

Although the maritime Pacific Northwest (PNW) is the only region of the United States suitable climatically for spinach seed production, the acidic soils are highly conducive to spinach Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae. A soil bioassay developed to quantify the risk of spinach Fusarium wilt in fields has been offered to seed growers annually since 2010. Soil sampled from growers' fields each winter was planted with highly susceptible, moderately susceptible, and partially resistant spinach inbred lines, and the plants rated weekly to calculate a Fusarium wilt severity index (FWSI) and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Results for 147 soils tested from 2010 to 2013 have been published. This study examined results for an additional 248 soils tested from 2014 to 2019 with the bioassay modified to include an option of agricultural limestone amendment to the soils tested. FWSI and AUDPC were affected significantly (p < .001) by the main effects of soil and spinach inbred line, and the interaction of these factors. Correlation analyses showed a range in degree of association of FWSI and AUDPC with spinach seed crop rotation duration and soil properties, depending on the spinach inbred line (r = −.255 to –.267, n = 172 soils with characteristics suitable for correlation analyses). Stepwise regression models for 172 soils with relevant parameters for regression analyses identified spinach seed crop rotation interval, rate of agricultural limestone amendment, soil pH, and soil Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations as most strongly associated with FWSI and AUDPC. However, the models accounted for ≤33.4% (R²) of the variability in Fusarium wilt risk. The soil bioassay remains a primary tool for spinach seed growers to select fields with low risk of Fusarium wilt.  相似文献   

制糖中的色谱法     

S.N.Walford  K.J.Sch 《广西蔗糖》2007,(4):58-65

本文综述了南非制糖工业过去30年中各种色谱技术的应用概况,包括用于甘蔗收购和糖厂控制的准确、精确的分析方法.色谱法用于估计甘蔗延搁、解决细菌感染、变质的困难工作和衡量蒸发罐中的转化已被报道.其它应用包括糖品如糖汁、糖蜜、极高糖度糖和白糖中的多糖、阴离子、阳离子的测定.  相似文献   

普通小麦 簇毛麦T6VS·6AL易位染色体对小麦品质的影响     

王从磊  马秋香  亓增军  庄丽芳  冯靖涛  姜东  胡琳  齐学礼  牛吉山  冯祎高  陈佩度 《麦类作物学报》2009,29(5):787-759

为分析簇毛麦6VS导入小麦背景后对品质的影响,利用普通小麦簇毛麦T6VS·6AL易位系和地方品种辉县红构建的一套小麦F8重组近交家系（RIL）群体,通过分子标记结合白粉病抗性鉴定,筛选出66个包含和94个不包含T6VS·6AL的纯合家系,并分别组成两个亚群体,于2005-2006年分别在江苏南京和河南郑州通过随机区组设计（各3个重复）进行14个品质性状差异比较。结果表明,3对高分子量麦谷蛋白基因在群体及其两个亚群体中均符合1∶1分离。方差分析发现,T6VS·6AL亚群体面粉平均吸水率、面团稳定时间、最大抗延阻力和50 mm处抗延阻力均显著高于非T6VS·6AL亚群体,揭示该易位系对这些性状表现正向效应;T6VS·6AL亚群体籽粒平均容重、面粉峰值黏度和面团弱化度显著低于非T6VS·6AL亚群体,揭示该易位系对这些性状具有负向效应,而T6VS·6AL亚群体面粉平均蛋白质含量、干面筋、湿面筋、出粉率、形成时间、拉伸面积和延伸度与非T6VS·6AL亚群体无显著差异,揭示该易位系对这些性状影响较小。  相似文献   

麦胚乳贮藏蛋白组分遗传研究进展   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

周青文  万平 《麦类作物学报》2000,20(2):78-83

从本世纪５０年代至今,小麦及其近缘属物种的胚乳贮藏蛋白组分的遗传及生化研究已经取得长足的进步,并已被国外许多实验室用于小麦品质改良的实践,取得了一定的成绩。全面了解麦胚乳贮藏蛋白各组分的遗传及生化研究必然有助于小麦品种改良的研究。本文就麦胚乳贮藏蛋白的主要组成部分,即麦高分子量谷蛋白、麦醇溶蛋白、麦低分子量谷蛋白等。从小麦及其近缘属物中各组分亚基编码基因的染色体定位及多态性变化,各组分亚基编码基因  相似文献   

Susceptibility to heartwater of calves born to non-immune cows     

J L Du Plessis  L Malan 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1988,55(4):235-237

The resistance to artificial infection with Cowdria ruminantium of calves born to cows fully susceptible to heartwater is no different from that of calves bred in heartwater endemic areas where the tick challenge is negligible to considerable. The sub-inoculation into mice of blood collected 14-26 days after infection proved the presence of the heartwater agent in the blood of 8 out of 10 calves with no other clinical signs than mild to moderate fever. The combined use of a mouse model and the indirect fluorescent antibody test revealed considerable variation in the degrees to which calves become infected and react to artificial infection.  相似文献