Male fertility and sex ratio at birth in red deer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gomendio M  Malo AF  Soler AJ  Fernández-Santos MR  Esteso MC  García AJ  Roldan ER  Garde J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5804):1445-1447

Efforts to test sex ratio theory have focused mostly on females. However, when males possess traits that could enhance the reproductive success of sons, males would also benefit from the manipulation of the offspring sex ratio. We tested the prediction that more-fertile red deer males produce more sons. Our findings reveal that male fertility is positively related to the proportion of male offspring. We also show that there is a positive correlation between the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa (a main determinant of male fertility) and the proportion of male offspring. Thus, males may contribute significantly to biases in sex ratio at birth among mammals, creating the potential for conflicts of interest between males and females.  相似文献   

Quantification of phenolic compounds during red winemaking using FT-MIR spectroscopy and PLS-regression     

Fragoso S  Aceña L  Guasch J  Mestres M  Busto O 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(20):10795-10802

We present a rapid method to quantify phenolic compounds all during the red winemaking process using Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics. To get the reference values, we used the usual UV–vis spectroscopy methods, and the compounds studied were evaluated as total phenolic compounds (TPC), total anthocyanins (TA), and condensed tannins (CT). Sampling from five different grape varieties (Merlot, Tempranillo, Syrah, Cari?ena, and Cabernet sauvignon), harvested at different ripening states, and monitored over 10 days of vinification produced a total of 600 spectra. These were used to build and validate four different predictive models by partial least-squares (PLS) regression. The spectral regions selected for each model were between 979 and 2989 cm(–1), and when selecting the most suitable one in each case, good values of performance parameters were obtained (R2(val) > 0.95 and RPD > 4.0 for TPC; R2(val) > 0.90 and RPD > 3.0 for TA; R2(val) < 0.8 and RPD < 3.0 for CT). Furthermore, also more specific PLS regression models for each phenolic parameter and each grape variety were developed using different regions with results similar to those obtained when dealing with all of the grape varieties. It is concluded that FT-MIR spectroscopy together with multivariate calibration could be a rapid and valuable tool for wineries to carry out the monitoring of phenolic compound extraction during winemaking.  相似文献   

Calibration of Numerical Model Output Using Nonparametric Spatial Density Functions     

Jingwen Zhou  Montserrat Fuentes  Jerry Davis 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2011,16(4):531-553

The evaluation of physically based computer models for air quality applications is crucial to assist in control strategy selection. Selecting the wrong control strategy has costly economic and social consequences. The objective comparison of the means and variances of modeled air pollution concentrations with the ones obtained from observed field data is the common approach for the assessment of model performance. One drawback of this strategy is that it fails to calibrate properly the tails of the modeled air pollution distribution. Improving the ability of these numerical models to characterize high pollution events is of critical interest for air quality management.  相似文献   

Monitoring sedimentary areas from mine waste products with Sentinel-2 satellite images: A case study in the SE of Spain     

Inés Pereira  Sara Alcalde-Aparicio  Montserrat Ferrer-Julià  María Francisca Carreño  Eduardo García-Meléndez 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(1):e13336

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Nitrogen Lost during MSW Composting at Two Facilities in Spain     

Montserrat Soliva  Francesc Giró  Serafí Manzano 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(4):23-26

? The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare nitrogen losses during the composting process developed at two facilities. Both are in Catalonia, which is located in northeast Spain. The research evaluated the effects of process, feedstock content, differences in compost maturity and other factors to explain differences in nitrogen levels. Separation methods and leachate problems were also compared.  相似文献   

Advances and challenges in marine conservation in Chile: A regional and global comparison     

Miriam Fernández  Montserrat Rodríguez-Ruiz  Stefan Gelcich  Luciano Hiriart-Bertrand  Juan Carlos Castilla 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(7):1760-1771

1. Despite significant progress made in Chile, and globally, in establishing marine protected areas (MPAs), the actual contribution to marine biodiversity conservation needs to be revised, to focus on representativeness and the diversity of tools alongside effective implementation, management, and enforcement.
2. This study makes progress in this direction, describing the most recent advances in marine conservation in Chile and analysing the contribution of the different conservation instruments as well as the distribution of designated areas across ecoregions. Furthermore, it examines the potential contribution of alternative area-based instruments to balance ocean protection. The advances observed in Chile were compared among four South American countries and five leading countries in ocean conservation, analysing protection levels in coastal areas, continental exclusive economic zones, and overseas territories.
3. Data on MPA boundaries and attributes were sourced from the World Database on Protected Areas and complemented the official information on MPAs and territorial user rights for fisheries and for indigenous people in South America.
4. The current level of protection in Chile is among the highest in the world in area coverage and in the proportion of the continental exclusive economic zone assigned to fully protected areas. However, it exhibits the strongest imbalances in the distribution of designated MPAs between coastal and oceanic waters, in comparison with the leading countries and also within South America (Perú, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay), and among ecoregions.
5. The patterns observed suggest that Chile has advanced, but concentrated, conservation efforts in low-threat, remote ecoregions. There is an urgent need to progress towards high-threat ecoregions, which implies balancing the needs of nature and people. The distribution of ancillary conservation instruments can help double the level of protection in threatened coastal areas, filling gaps in marine conservation and creating an opportunity to progress and diversify conservation strategies.

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A study on the susceptibility of the model legume plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago truncatula</Emphasis> to the soil-borne pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium oxysporum</Emphasis>     

Montserrat Ramírez-Suero  Anas Khanshour  Yves Martinez  Martina Rickauer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,126(4):517-530

Fusarium wilt is a soil-borne disease caused by formae specialis of Fusarium oxysporum on a large number of cultivated and wild plants. The susceptibility of the model legume plant Medicago truncatula to Fusarium oxysporum was studied by root-inoculating young plants in a miniaturised hydroponic culture. Among eight tested M. truncatula lines, all were susceptible to F. oxysporum f.sp. medicaginis, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt in alfalfa. However, a tolerant line, F83005.5, and a susceptible line, A17, could be distinguished by scoring the disease index. The fungus was transformed with the GFP marker gene and colonisation of the plant roots was analysed by epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. A slightly atypical pattern of root colonisation was observed, with massive fungal growth in the cortex. Although colonisation was not significantly different between susceptible and tolerant plants, the expression of some defence-related genes showed discrimination between both lines. A study with 10 strains from various host-plants indicated that M. truncatula was a permissive host to F. oxysporum.  相似文献   

Infectivity of PRRS virus in pig manure at different temperatures     

Linhares DC  Torremorell M  Joo HS  Morrison RB 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,160(1-2):23-28

PRRSv is an economically important swine pathogen which can be disseminated from infected pig herds via movement of contaminated manure. The process of manure handling and inadequate cleaning of transport vehicles are commonly implicated as sources of PRRSv transmission. Stability of PRRSv in pig manure at different temperatures is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine PRRSv-infectivity half-life in manure and in a cell culture medium at 4, 20, 60 and 80°C. To assure sample consistency across the study, all samples were prepared from common homogenized solutions (MEM and manure) and frozen at -20°C. Samples were thawed, transferred to a water bath set at a specific temperature, inoculated with 100μl of PRRSv at designated time points and then tested for virus infectivity. Regression models were created to estimate PRRSv half-life based on incubation temperature. There was an exponential decrease in PRRSv infectivity with increasing temperature. At every temperature tested, PRRSv had shorter half-life when incubated in manure compared to MEM. PRRSv half-life in MEM and manure was estimated at 112.6 and 120.5h at 4°C, 14.6 and 24.5h at 20°C, 1.6 and 1.7h at 40°C, 2.9 and 8.5min at 60°C, and 0.36-0.59min at 80°C, respectively. Results of this study can be used as basis for developing strategies to inactivate PRRSv present in manure-contaminated environments using heating treatments. For example, these data suggest that submitting transport trailers to temperature of 50°C for 8h would decrease PRRSv from 10(6) TCID(50)/ml to less than 10(1) TCID(50)/ml.  相似文献   

Precursor uptake assays and metabolic analyses in isolated tomato fruit chromoplasts     

Angaman DM  Petrizzo R  Hernández-Gras F  Romero-Segura C  Pateraki I  Busquets M  Boronat A 《Plant methods》2012,8(1):1

Background  

Carotenoids are the most widespread group of pigments found in nature. In addition to their role in the physiology of the plant, carotenoids also have nutritional relevance as their incorporation in the human diet provides health benefits. In non-photosynthetic tissues, carotenoids are synthesized and stored in specialized plastids called chromoplasts. At present very little is known about the origin of the metabolic precursors and cofactors required to sustain the high rate of carotenoid biosynthesis in these plastids. Recent proteomic data have revealed a number of biochemical and metabolic processes potentially operating in fruit chromoplasts. However, considering that chloroplast to chromoplast differentiation is a very rapid process during fruit ripening, there is the possibility that some of the proteins identified in the proteomic analysis could represent remnants no longer having a functional role in chromoplasts. Therefore, experimental validation is necessary to prove whether these predicted processes are actually operative in chromoplasts.  相似文献   

Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography olfactometry analysis of successively diluted samples. A new approach of the aroma extract dilution analysis applied to the characterization of wine aroma     

Martí MP  Mestres M  Sala C  Busto O  Guasch J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(27):7861-7865

The relationship between the composition and the aroma of the wine can be established by using gas chromatography with olfactometric detection (sniffing or GCO), which combines the chromatographic response with the human nose response. To evaluate the contribution of the odor compounds in wine aroma, we designed a new approach of the aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) that lies in the GCO analysis of serially diluted wine samples using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) as the extraction technique. The fiber coating used was Flex divinyl-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane. The method developed was applied to determine the aromatic composition of a red Grenache wine from Priorat (Spain). The method allows 38 important odorants to be determined in the AEDA study, 30 of them precisely identified. These results are similar to those reported by other studies related to this variety of wine. HS-SPME is a suitable technique to obtain representative extracts of wine aroma with several advantages such as simplicity, speediness, and little sample manipulation.  相似文献