III. Buchbesprechungen     

W. Liese  A. Bernhart  H. Burckhardt  Hannes Mayer 《European Journal of Forest Research》1962,81(11-12):381-384

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Vom Wesen waldbaulicher Arbeit heute und morgen     

Hannes Mayer 《European Journal of Forest Research》1972,91(1):191-201

Summary The crisis of classical silviculture in the middle-european sustained yield forestry becomes evident—above all—in the large discrepancy between scientific findings and practical management. Numerous inhibiting factors are to be held responsible for this: lack of a silivcultural basis for combined objectives in the management of productive and social forests, forest-technical development aid from the boreal wood-exploitation areas, the modernization of forest management being too onesided oriented to industry, a lack of professional improvement, sociological problems as a denaturation of man by technology and economy etc. An integral silviculture, based on ecological fundaments and following a free style, must lead to an optimization of interdisciplinary conflicts of objective under the aspect of long-term objectives. The comprehensive life-work of the man whose jubilee we celebrate has readied the way to a solution.   相似文献   

Coherent response of a group of plantation-grown Scots pine trees to wind loading     

Dirk Schindler  Hannes Fugmann  Jochen Schönborn  Helmut Mayer 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(1):191-202

Wind-induced motion of 29 neighbouring trees growing in a Scots pine plantation was measured over the period 14 March to 24 March 2008. The bi-orthogonal decomposition (BOD) of the complex tree motion field into a limited number of spatio-temporal modes provided the basis for the analysis of the response behaviour to wind excitation of the group of sample trees. It is shown that the first BOD-mode was the most energetic and differed from all other BOD-modes. The BOD-results as well as the results from wavelet analysis of the temporal eigenvectors of the BOD-modes demonstrate that two concomitant low-frequency components in the streamwise wind velocity component stimulated coherent response of the sample trees at the tree group level. However, in the range of the wind speed measured close to the top of the Scots pine forest canopy (hourly mean wind speed values lower than 6 m s⁻¹), the wind loads associated with these low-frequency airflow structures were too low to harmonise the motion of the sample trees completely. It is shown that instantaneous single tree responses to wind excitation were highly irregular in magnitude and direction. Results from Fourier and wavelet analysis demonstrate that sway in the first mode dominated the wind-induced sway behaviour at the tree level.  相似文献   

Mutation in HSF4 is associated with hereditary cataract in the Australian Shepherd     

Cathryn S. Mellersh  Bryan McLaughlin  Saija Ahonen†  Louise Pettitt  Hannes Lohi†  Keith C. Barnett‡ 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(6):372-378

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The Forgotten Rural Landscapes of Central and Eastern Europe   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hannes Palang  Anu Printsmann  Éva Konkoly Gyuró  Mimi Urbanc  Ewa Skowronek  Witold Woloszyn 《Landscape Ecology》2006,21(3):347-357

Interactions between nature and man – the underlying forces in landscape – have over time caused diversity. Usually, geographers and landscape ecologists deal with spatial diversity; in this paper, we would like to also consider temporal diversity. We argue that Central and Eastern European landscapes (using the examples of Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia) are much more diverse in time (layers) than Western European ones. This difference requires the use of different indicators in order to measure and study landscapes and special problems, threats, and possibilities of management and future development – but most important is the consideration of different perceptions. We also show that this diversity reduces the readability of landscapes, creating miscommunication and a transformation of meanings. We further argue that the link between humans and landscape is lost in Central and Eastern European countries due to temporal diversity, and that this link will be created anew in a globalizing world. To overcome alienation, we need slightly different classifications/typologies for each country in this region, with the aim of a sound future management of cultural landscapes.  相似文献   

Revisiting futures: integrating culture,care and time in landscapes     

Palang  Hannes  Külvik  Mart  Printsmann  Anu  Storie  Joanna T. 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(7):1807-1823

Context

Two approaches to study landscape change have been exploited: one that tries to study the developments that have happened in the past, and another that tries to foresee future.

Objectives

We analyse how this dual approach can help understanding landscape change, how people relate to it in general, what their expectations and preferences are. We also discuss the usefulness of path dependency theory, cultural sustainability, and cultural ecosystem services approaches in understanding the management of a historical cultural landscape.

Methods

First, we revisit a 1999 scenario study that outlined the possible trajectories of change prior Estonian accession to the European Union in 2004. Then, through series of studies we track the wider context of the landscape changes, analysing the results from the interviews and combining those with the visible results. We seek to answer whether or not the landscape changes that occurred followed any of the past scenarios, and if people’s preferences changed.

Results

The dynamics of realisation of different scenarios was not straightforward. However, people showed clear preference towards landscapes that carried signs of the continuation of rural life. What was not foreseen when designing the scenarios was the upsurge of local identity creating the links with the past.

Conclusions

In this Estonian traditional cultural landscape, stewardship, culture and cultural ecosystem services, or nature’s contribution to people as IPBES prefers to call this now, define what caring for the landscape involves.

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Long-distance free-space distribution of quantum entanglement   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Aspelmeyer M  Böhm HR  Gyatso T  Jennewein T  Kaltenbaek R  Lindenthal M  Molina-Terriza G  Poppe A  Resch K  Taraba M  Ursin R  Walther P  Zeilinger A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5633):621-623

We demonstrate the distribution of quantum entanglement via optical free-space links to independent receivers separated by 600 m, with no line of sight between each other. A Bell inequality between those receivers is violated by more than four standard deviations, confirming the quality of the entanglement. This outdoor experiment represents a step toward satellite-based distributed quantum entanglement.  相似文献   

Expanded repeat in canine epilepsy     

Lohi H  Young EJ  Fitzmaurice SN  Rusbridge C  Chan EM  Vervoort M  Turnbull J  Zhao XC  Ianzano L  Paterson AD  Sutter NB  Ostrander EA  André C  Shelton GD  Ackerley CA  Scherer SW  Minassian BA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5706):81

Epilepsy afflicts 1% of humans and 5% of dogs. We report a canine epilepsy mutation and evidence for the existence of repeat-expansion disease outside humans. A canid-specific unstable dodecamer repeat in the Epm2b (Nhlrc1) gene recurrently expands, causing a fatal epilepsy and contributing to the high incidence of canine epilepsy. Tracing the repeat origins revealed two successive events, starting 50 million years ago, unique to canid evolution. A genetic test, presented here, will allow carrier and presymptomatic diagnosis and disease eradication. Clinicopathologic characterization establishes affected animals as a model for Lafora disease, the most severe teenage-onset human epilepsy.  相似文献   

Adipose triglyceride lipase contributes to cancer-associated cachexia     

Das SK  Eder S  Schauer S  Diwoky C  Temmel H  Guertl B  Gorkiewicz G  Tamilarasan KP  Kumari P  Trauner M  Zimmermann R  Vesely P  Haemmerle G  Zechner R  Hoefler G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6039):233-238

Cachexia is a multifactorial wasting syndrome most common in patients with cancer that is characterized by the uncontrolled loss of adipose and muscle mass. We show that the inhibition of lipolysis through genetic ablation of adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) or hormone-sensitive lipase (Hsl) ameliorates certain features of cancer-associated cachexia (CAC). In wild-type C57BL/6 mice, the injection of Lewis lung carcinoma or B16 melanoma cells causes tumor growth, loss of white adipose tissue (WAT), and a marked reduction of gastrocnemius muscle. In contrast, Atgl-deficient mice with tumors resisted increased WAT lipolysis, myocyte apoptosis, and proteasomal muscle degradation and maintained normal adipose and gastrocnemius muscle mass. Hsl-deficient mice with tumors were also protected although to a lesser degree. Thus, functional lipolysis is essential in the pathogenesis of CAC. Pharmacological inhibition of metabolic lipases may help prevent cachexia.  相似文献   

Microstructure and texture of fresh and smoked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fillets from fish reared and slaughtered under different conditions     

Sjofn Sigurgisladottir  Margret S. Sigurdardottir  Helga Ingvarsdottir  Ole J. Torrissen  Hannes Hafsteinsson 《Aquaculture Research》2001,32(1):1-10

This study was carried out to examine differences in microstructure and texture of fresh and smoked farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. fillets with different biological characteristics. The left fillet was analysed fresh and compared with the salted and smoked right fillet from each individual fish. Light microscopy and image analysing techniques were used to study both transversal and longitudinal sections of the muscle. The fish muscle fibres shrank during the salting and smoking process, but sarcomere length did not change. After smoking, a considerable number of fat globules were dispersed among the muscle fibres. The biological characteristics studied were based upon diploid and triploid fish held in both sea cages and land‐based tanks. Different starvation times were used and one group was stressed during slaughter. The cross‐sectional area of muscle fibres from triploid fish was found to be larger than from diploid fish, both in fresh and smoked fillets.  相似文献