Small Molecule Inhibitors in Veterinary Oncology Practice     

Cheryl A. London 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2014

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Generation and characterization of bone marrow-derived cultured canine mast cells     

Lin TY  Rush LJ  London CA 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,113(1-2):37-52

Disorders of mast cells, particularly mast cell tumors (MCTs), are common in dogs. There now is evidence that many of these disorders exhibit breed predilections, suggesting an underlying heritable component. In comparison to humans and mice, little is known regarding the biology of canine mast cells. To facilitate the study of mast cell biology in other species, bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMCMCs) often are used because these represent a ready source of large numbers of cells. We have developed a protocol to successfully generate canine BMCMCs from purified CD34(+) cells. After 5-7 weeks of culture with recombinant canine stem cell factor (rcSCF), greater than 90% of the cell population consisted of mast cells as evidenced by staining with Wright's-Giemsa, as well as production of chymase, tryptase, IL-8 and MCP-1. These cells expressed cell surface markers typical of mast cells including Kit, Fc epsilonRI, CD44, CD45 and CD18/CD11b. The canine BMCMCs were dependent on rcSCF for survival and proliferation, and migrated in response to rcSCF gradients. Cross-linking of cell surface-bound IgE induced the release of histamine and TNFalpha. Histamine release could also be stimulated by ConA, compound 48/80, and calcium ionophore. In summary, canine BMCMCs possess phenotypic and functional properties similar to mast cells found in vivo. These cells represent a novel, valuable resource for investigating normal canine mast cell biology as well as for identifying factors that lead to mast cell dysregulation in the dog.  相似文献   

A functional comparison of canine and murine bone marrow derived cultured mast cells     

Lin TY  London CA 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,114(3-4):320-334

Disorders involving mast cells are extremely common in dogs, ranging from allergic diseases to neoplastic transformation resulting in malignant mast cell tumors. Relatively little is known regarding the basic biologic properties of normal canine mast cells, largely due to the difficulty in reliably purifying large numbers from canine skin. In vitro generated bone marrow derived cultured mast cells (BMCMCs) are routinely used in both human and murine studies as a ready source of material for in vitro and in vivo studies. We previously developed a technique to generate canine BMCMCs from bone marrow derived CD34+ cells and demonstrated that these cells exhibit the phenotypic properties characteristic of mast cells and release histamine in response to IgE cross-linking. The purpose of the following study was to characterize the functional properties of these canine BMCMCs and contrast these with the functional properties of murine BMCMCs. Our work demonstrates that both IL-4 and IL-10 promote canine BMCMC proliferation, possibly through upregulation of Kit expression, while TGFbeta inhibits proliferation. The canine BMCMCs produce a variety of cytokines and chemokines in response to IgE cross-linking and chemical stimulation including IL-3, IL-4, IL-13, GM-CSF, RANTES, and MIP1alpha. Interestingly, the canine BMCMCs released significantly larger amounts of MCP-1 and tryptase and significantly smaller amounts of IL-6 following chemical stimulation and IgE cross-linking when compared to murine BMCMCs. Lastly, the canine BMCMCs produced larger amounts of active MMP9 than their murine counterparts. In summary, canine BMCMCs exhibit unique functional properties that distinguish them from murine BMCMCs and provide insight into the contribution of these cells to mast cell disorders in the dog.  相似文献   

Research ethics. Rethinking research ethics: the case of postmarketing trials     

London AJ  Kimmelman J  Carlisle B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6081):544-545

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Effect of Cryopreservation on Bovine Sperm Viability as Determined by Dual DNA Staining     

DL Garner  CA Thomas  CH Allen  PL Senger  RG Sasser 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1997,32(6):279-283

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Identification of equine herpesvirus 3 (equine coital exanthema virus), equine gammaherpesviruses 2 and 5, equine adenoviruses 1 and 2, equine arteritis virus and equine rhinitis A virus by polymerase chain reaction     

K DYNON  A VARRASSO  N FICORILLI  SA HOLLOWAY  GH REUBEL  F LI  CA HARTLEY  MJ STUDDERT  HE DRUMMER 《Australian veterinary journal》2001,79(10):695-702

OBJECTIVE: To develop rapid (< 8 hour) tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus 3 (EHV3; equine coital exanthema virus), equine gammaherpesviruses 2 (EHV2) and EHV5, equine adenovirus 1 (EAdV1), EAdV2, equine arteritis virus (EAV), equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV; formerly equine rhinovirus 1) DESIGN: Either single round or second round (seminested) PCRs were developed and validated. METHODS: Oligonucleotide primers were designed that were specific for each virus, PCR conditions were defined and the specificity and sensitivity of the assays were determined. The application of the tests was validated using a number of independent virus isolates for most of the viruses studied. The PCRs were applied directly to clinical samples where samples were available. RESULTS: We developed a single round PCR for the diagnosis of EHV3, a seminested PCR for EHV2 and single round PCRs for EHV5, EAdV1, EAdV2 and RT-PCRs for EAV and ERAV. The PCR primer sets for each virus were designed and shown to be highly specific (did not amplify any recognised non-target template) and sensitive (detection of minimal amounts of virus) and, where multiple virus isolates were available all isolates were detected. CONCLUSION: The development and validation of a comprehensive panel of PCR diagnostic tests, predominantly for viruses causing equine respiratory disease, that can be completed within 8 hours from receipt of clinical samples, provides a major advance in the rapid diagnosis or exclusion diagnosis of these endemic equine virus diseases in Australia.  相似文献   

提高辣椒离体再生不定芽伸长率的研究     

刘娟旭余义勋  雷建军陈国菊曹必好  曾国平 《华北农学报》2007,22(B10):93-97

通过调整培养基中的几种生长调节剂种类及其浓度组合，以及不同添加物，诱导不定芽分化与植株再生，有效地提高了不定芽的伸长率．结果表明：选用辣椒9～11d苗龄的带柄子叶在培养基MB＋BA5．0mg／L＋IAA1．0mg／L十GA31．0mg／L＋蔗糖3％＋琼脂6．5g／L十椰乳5％＋AgN035．0mg／L上培养，分化频率达97．8％；芽丛在MB＋ZT1．0mg／L＋IAA1．0mg／L＋GA31．5mg／L十椰乳5％＋AgN035．0mg／L培养基上伸长率达76．0％；幼苗在Ms＋IAA0．1mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L培养基上能正常生根，生根率最高100％，并成长为健壮的再生植株。  相似文献   

The absence of neuromas in beaks of adult hens after conservative trimming at hatch   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CA LUNAM †  PC GLATZ‡  Y-J HSU 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(1):46-49

Objective To determine the effects of the amount of beak removed and cauterisation time on neuroma formation in hens.
Design A pathology study with controls.
Animals Twenty domestic fowl were beak-trimmed. Three non-beak-trimmed domestic fowl were used as controls.
Procedure Beaks of two age groups with two levels of beak removal and either 2 s or 4 s cauterisation, were investigated macroscopically and microscopically for deformities.
Results Scattered trauma-associated neuromas were present in the beaks of pullets 10 weeks after moderate trimming at hatch. Neuromas were not present in beaks of adult hens that had been similarly trimmed. Sensory corpuscles were present 10 and 70 weeks after moderate trimming, though fewer in number than in intact control hens. In contrast, trauma-associated neuromas persisted in beaks of 70-week-old hens that had been severely trimmed at hatch. A range of deformities that were absent in moderately trimmed hens, were observed in hens with severely trimmed beaks. Receptors were not seen in severely trimmed beaks.
Conclusion Beak-trimming at hatch induces the formation of neuromas, regardless of the amount of tissue removed. There is a critical amount of beak tissue that can be removed, beyond which trauma-associated neuromas will not resolve, but will persist in mature hens.  相似文献   

Reassortant virus derived from avian and human influenza A viruses is attenuated and immunogenic in monkeys   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

B R Murphy  D L Sly  E L Tierney  N T Hosier  J G Massicot  W T London  R M Chanock  R G Webster  V S Hinshaw 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1982,218(4579):1330-1332

An influenza A reassortant virus that contained the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of a virulent human virus, A/Udorn/72 (H3N2), and the six other influenza A virus genome segments from an avirulent avian virus, A/Mallard/New York/6750/78 (H2N2), was evaluated for its level of replication is squirrel monkeys and hamsters. In monkeys, the reassortant virus was as attenuated and as restricted in its level of replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract as its avian influenza virus parent. Nonetheless, infection with the reassortant induced significant resistant to challenge with virulent human influenza virus. In hamsters, the reassortant virus replicated to a level intermediate between that of its parents. These findings suggest that the nonsurface antigen genes of the avian parental virus are the primary determinants of restriction of replication of the reassortant virus in monkeys. Attenuation of the reassortant virus for primates is achieved by inefficient functioning of the avian influenza genes in primate cells, while antigenic specificity of the human influenza virus is provided by the neuraminidase and hemagglutinin genes derived from the human virus. This approach could lead to the development of a live influenza A virus vaccine that is attenuated for man if the avian influenza genes are similarly restricted in human cells.  相似文献   

低O ₂和高CO ₂对草莓采后酯类生物合成的作用模式     

周丽丽  DangyangKe  AdelAKader 《中国农业大学学报》1995,(2):180-186

草莓(Fragria ananassa Duck.cv.Chandler)果实于采收当天分别放在:①空气;②0.25%O_2;③21%O_2+50%CO_2;④0.25%O_2+50%CO_2(用 N_2平衡)四种流动气体条件(5℃)下1～7d,以研究气调贮藏对草莓的挥发性物质和发酵性酶活性的影响。在三种气调贮藏条件下,果肉中乙醛、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯的浓度较空气处理明显增加而乙酸异丙酯和乙酸丁酯的含量下降。气调贮藏处理增加了丙酮酸脱羧酶(PDC)和乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)的活性但略微减少了醇酰基转移酶(即酯化酶,AAT)的活性。低 O_2、高 CO_2条件下草莓中乙醇的大量累积加速了乙酸乙酯的生物合成。由于 AAT 活性的降低及过量的乙醇与其他醇类化合物对相同羧基化合物的竞争作用导致其他乙酸酯类产物的减少。  相似文献