Birth of a Banteng (Bos javanicus) calf at Western Plains Zoo after fixed time artificial insemination     

SD JOHNSTON  MR MCGOWAN  D. BLYDE 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(1):94-95

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Nonmarket Benefits of Reducing Environmental Effects of Potential Wildfires in Beetle-Killed Trees: A Contingent Valuation Study     

Maryam Tabatabaei  John B. Loomis  Daniel W. McCollum 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(8):720-737

We estimated Colorado households’ nonmarket values for two forest management options for reducing intensity of future wildfires and associated nonmarket environmental effects wildfires. The first policy is the traditional harvesting of pine beetle-killed trees and burning of the slash piles of residual materials on-site. The second involves harvesting but moving the residual material off-site and converting it into biochar, thus reducing some of the risk and environmental effects associated with burning on-site. A contingent valuation method mail survey was used to evaluate these two management options. The survey achieved a 47% response rate. We used a nonparametric Turnbull estimator to calculate the willingness to pay (WTP) for burn on-site and off-site biochar conversion. The calculated WTP for burn on-site and off-site biochar conversion options (beyond the cost of the status quo level of forest treatment) is $411 and $470 per household per year, respectively.  相似文献   

An outbreak of avian malaria in captive yellowheads/mohua (Mohoua ochrocephala)     

MR Alley  RA Fairley  DG Martin  L Howe  T Atkinson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):247-251

CASE HISTORY: Eight mohua, or yellowheads (Mohoua ochrocephala), were held in a large open aviary over the summer months of 2003–2004, following their capture for captivebreeding purposes. Two birds died of transportation trauma shortly after arrival, one became ill and died a month later, and another four died within a 2-week period in February 2004. The eighth bird also became ill at this time but survived for a year following treatment with chloroquine and doxycycline.

CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: The affected birds were depressed, lethargic and dyspnoeic. Necropsy of three birds showed a slightly pale and swollen liver and spleen. Impression smears of the liver of one bird revealed schizonts resembling Plasmodium spp. within the cytoplasm of many hepatocytes, which was confirmed histopathologically. Similar protozoal organisms were seen within splenic histiocytes and pulmonary endothelial cells of 5/6 birds. Electron microscopy identified these as protozoal schizonts containing merozoites of similar size and structure to those of Plasmodium spp.

DIAGNOSIS: The birds were infected with a protozoal haemoparasite resembling Plasmodium spp.; asexual stages within hepatocytes and endothelial cells of the lung and spleen were typical of this organism.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The mohua captured from west Otago were highly susceptible to avian malaria as they came from an isolated population that was likely to be naïve and have had no previous contact with this organism. The birds were probably infected by bites from mosquitoes feeding off local populations of blackbirds subsequently found to be infected with Plasmodium spp.  相似文献   

Systemic protozoal disease in hihi and saddlebacks     

MR Alley  CM Twentyman 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1)

Extract

Juvenile hihi or stitchbirds (Notiomystis cincta) and saddlebacks (Philestumus carunculatus) are particularly prone to systemic protozoal infections when kept in high density populations. Granu-lomatous lesions in the intestine, liver and spleen are associated with proliferating intracellular schizonts. Affected birds become anorexic and lose weight or die suddenly without clinical signs. The protozoan in hihi appears most likely to be Atoxoplasma spp whereas that in saddlebacks is more like Plasmodium spp.  相似文献   

A phylogenetic analysis of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) isolates from six different regions of the UK and links to animal movement data     

Richard E Booth  Carole J Thomas  Laila MR El-Attar  George Gunn  Joe Brownlie 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):43

Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus which infects cattle populations worldwide and is recognised as a significant source of economic loss through its impact on health and productivity. Studies investigating the molecular epidemiology of BVDV can give invaluable information about the diversity of viral strains present in a population and this, in turn, can inform control programs, drive vaccine development and determine likely infection sources. The current study investigated 104 viral isolates from forty farms across the UK. Through phylogenetic and nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5′UTR and N^pro regions of the isolates investigated, it was determined that BVDV 1a was the predominant sub-genotype. However, BVDV 1b, 1e and 1i were also identified and, for the first time in the UK, BVDV 1d. Through analysis of animal movement data alongside the phylogenetic analysis of these BVD isolates, it was possible to link animal movements to the viral isolates present on several premises and, for the first time, begin to elucidate the routes of viral transmission. With further work, this type of analysis would enable accurate determination and quantification of the true biosecurity risk factors associated with BVDV transmission.  相似文献   

Testosterone Influences Water Transport in Porcine Granulosa Cells     

M Grzesiak  L Williams  MR Luck 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(4):e52-e54

The development of antral ovarian follicles entails fluid accumulation, but the mechanisms regulating water flux are unknown. Aquaporins are small, integral membrane proteins facilitating passive movement of water, some of which are known to be regulated by steroid hormones. The aim of this study was to determine whether testosterone (T) influences water transport in porcine granulosa cells. To assess water movement, the swelling of granulosa cells when moved from isotonic (319 mOsm) to hypotonic (95 mOsm) medium was measured after 12‐hour pre‐incubation in the presence of either testosterone (T), the antiandrogen 2‐hydroxyflutamide (HF) or HF and T together. Pre‐incubation with T increased the swelling of granulosa cells (p < 0.01) and this was abolished by HF (p < 0.001). Neither T nor HF affected cells in isotonic medium (319 mOsm). The results indicate that T acting via intracellular androgen receptors increases water permeability of porcine granulosa cells, probably through the regulation of aquaporin activity.  相似文献   

Abomasal parasite syndrome in North American elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis)     

MR Woodbury  NMA Parry 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):235-240

CASE HISTORY An 18-month clinical course of chronic ill-thrift, weight loss and emaciation, and eventual death occurred in a group of 520 translocated elk of mixed age and sex. Trans-location was carried out without regard to animal welfare or health risks associated with the translocation. Mortality was approximately 84% (436/520) despite supportive nutritional and medical treatment.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: General clinical and post-mortem examinations indicated only Se and Cu imbalances and nutritional inadequacy. Additional purposeful post-mortem examination and histological evaluation of tissue sections from four of the affected adult elk demonstrated elevated abomasal pH and proliferative abomasal lesions as the most significant findings, consistent with Type-II ostertagiosis; intra-lesional nematodes were seen in the abomasum of two animals.

DIAGNOSIS: Fading elk syndrome, or abomasal parasite syndrome in elk.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Abomasal parasite syndrome initiated by Type-II ostertagiosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of ill-thrift and wasting in elk or elk-red deer hybrids. Changes to the architecture and secretory function of the abomasal wall lead to apparently irreversible digestive pathophysiology and nutritional disease.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a point‐of‐care electrochemical meter to detect subclinical ketosis and hypoglycaemia in lactating dairy cows          下载免费PDF全文

A Zakian  M Tehrani‐Sharif  MR Mokhber‐Dezfouli  M Nouri  PD Constable 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(4):123-128

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Characterisation of adult green lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea) digestive physiology: impact of a cysteine protease inhibitor and a synthetic pyrethroid     

Evan A Mulligan  Natalie Ferry  Lise Jouanin  Jörg Romeis  Angharad MR Gatehouse 《Pest management science》2010,66(3):325-336

BACKGROUND: In spite of concern regarding potential non‐target effects of GM crops, few studies have compared GM pest control with conventional methods. The impacts of cypermethrin and oilseed rape expressing oryzacystatin‐1 (OC‐1) were compared in this study on the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). RESULTS: Adults fed purified rOC‐1 showed a subtle shift in digestive protease profile, with an increasing reliance on serine proteases (chymotrypsin), increase in aspartic proteases and a slight reduction in elastase activity. Although there were no effects on mortality, onset of oviposition was delayed; however, once egg production commenced, egg laying and hatching success rates were comparable with those of controls. Oryzacystatin‐1 expressed in pollen showed no detrimental effects. Cypermethrin had no effect on mortality owing to high levels of non‐specific esterase activity resulting in partial breakdown of the insecticide. In spite of this, there was a significant delay in onset of oviposition and a significant reduction in egg production and viability. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potential for pest management to impact on predators, but importantly it highlights the ability of the predator to detoxify/respond to treatments with different modes of action. In this case, exposure to an insecticide carried a greater fitness cost than exposure to a protease inhibitor expressed in transgenic crops. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Suspected malignant hyperthermia in a horse anaesthetized with halothane     

DC Williams  RJ Brosnan  MR Aleman  RA LeCouteur  A Imai  EP Steffey 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2002,29(2):91-91

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