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21.
AP Herman T Misztal A Herman Dorota Tomaszewska – Zaremba 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):e426-e433
This study was designed to determine the effect of intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration on the secretion of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐1 receptors (IL‐1Rs) gene expression in the hypothalamus of anoestrous ewes. Gene expression of IL‐1β and its receptors was assayed by the real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of IL‐1β in the hypothalamus was detected using Western blot. Our results showed that IL‐1β mRNA is transcribed in the ovine hypothalamus. Lipopolysaccharide increased (p ≤ 0.01) the IL‐1β gene expression in the pre‐optic area 2.4‐fold, the anterior hypothalamus (AHA) 3.4‐fold, the medial basal hypothalamus 3.7‐fold and the medial eminence 3.9‐fold. The pro‐form and mature form of IL‐1β protein were found in the hypothalamus after endotoxin injection. In general, the endotoxin also increased more than two times (p ≤ 0.01) the expression of IL‐1 receptor type I (IL‐1R1) and type II (IL‐1R2) genes in the hypothalamus, except the AHA, where the number of IL‐1R2 mRNA was extremely low and not sufficient to the quantitative analysis. These results demonstrate that the peripheral immune/inflammatory challenge increases the IL‐1β expression in the hypothalamus. This endogenous IL‐1β seems to be involved in the modulation of processes which are regulated at the hypothalamic level. One of these processes could be a reproduction. 相似文献
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Koch TG Koch T Loretti AP Loretti A de Lahunta A Kendall A Russell D Bienzle D 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(3):367-372
A6 1/2‐month‐old Morgan filly was examined because of a history of abnormal behavior, teeth grinding, hypothermia, and electrolyte disturbances when weaned. She was from a breeding farm with several other Morgan horses. The 11‐year‐old dam had been purchased the year before as a proven broodmare, which had several previous foals. Breeding, gestation, and birth of this foal were normal. She was raised with 4 other mares and their offspring on pasture with free access to shelter in an open barn. Supplementary feeding consisted of oats and timothy hay. The owners reported that the foal showed unusual behavior, such as lack of apprehension of people, lack of distress from maternal separation, and a higher activity level than other foals of the same age. The foal extensively chewed the dam's tail and mane, masticated oats slowly with rapid jaw movements without actually swallowing them, and ground her teeth. She frequently nibbled the handler's clothes without biting, ate pebbles, and played with the salt block in the paddock. At 4 1/2 months of age, she was treated for suspected gastroduodenal ulcers and weaned. The referring veterinarian examined her 5 days after weaning because of dull demeanor and excessive teeth grinding. The foal was in thin body condition, hypothermic (37°C, 98.6°F), and tachycardic (60 beats per minute [bpm]) and had decreased borborygmi. Major abnormalities on serum biochemistry were severe hypernatremia (166 mmol/L; reference range 136–144 mmol/L) and hyperchloremia (128 mmol/L; reference range 94–104 mmol/L), azotemia (urea, 11.3 mmol/L; reference range 4.2–8.9 mmol/L), and hyperfibrinogenemia (5.2 g/L, reference range 1.6–2.9 g/L). The only abnormality on the CBC was hemoconcentration (PCV, 0.57 L/L; reference range 0.28–0.44 L/L). The foal was treated with penicillin procaine Ga (20,000 IU/kg [9072 IU/1b] IM q12h) and rifampinb (5 mg/kg [2.7 mg/1b] PO q8h). The next day the tachycardia worsened (120 bpm) and the foal was estimated to be 5–8% dehydrated. IV fluid therapy with lactated Ringer solutionc (LRS) was initiated, and the antibiotic was changed to ceftiofurd (2 mg/kg [0.91 mg/1b] IV q12h). The foal and dam were rejoined, and the foal's clinical status improved with resumption of nursing. Serial laboratory testing showed persistent hypernatremia 160 mmol/L) and hyperchloremia (123 mmol/L), azotemia urea 11.3 mmol/L and creatinine 168 umol/L; reference range 80–130 μmol/L), hyperglycemia (8.7 mmol/L; reference range 3.7–6.7 mmol/L), high aspartate aminotranferase activity (662 U/L; reference range 259–595 U/L), and high creatine kinase (CK) activity (1,196 U/L; reference range 108–430 U/L). The foal's condition improved and IV fluids were discontinued. Ceftiofur administration was discontinued and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazolee (25 mg/kg [11.3 mg/1b] PO q12h) was administered for 3 days. During the next month the foal was stable but the abnormal behavior persisted. She was weaned again, and within days marked behavior changes such as circling, throwing the head around compulsively, and severe hind‐end shivering recurred. At examination, the foal was dull, tachycardic (60 bpm), was hypothermic (33.6°C, 92.5°F), had dark red mucous membranes, and was estimated to be 5% dehydrated. Laboratory findings were similar to those of the previous tests except for high fibrinogen (7.1 g/L). The foal was again rejoined with the dam, treated with intramuscular penicillin, and referred 相似文献
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Loretti AP Ilha MR Ordás J Martín de las Mulas J 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2005,7(1):43-52
Feline mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia (FMFH) following a single injection of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was observed in eight intact young queens. The repository compound is marketed as a veterinary product by a local pharmaceutical company with an indication for contraception in cats. The drug was administered according to the recommended doses and injection frequencies. Serum hormone assays performed immediately before neutering and 3 weeks after neutering detected persistently high levels of progesterone suggesting that depot MPA was still exerting its influence. No corpora lutea were found in those cases ruling out ovaries as the main site of progesterone. Immunohistochemistry performed on the hyperplastic mammary glands detected progesterone receptors in the nuclei of ductal cells, and growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in the cytoplasm of ductal epithelium. Overdosing should be considered here as the animals received at least 10 mg/kg of depot MPA in a single injection. Progestin-induced local synthesis of GH and IGF-I in mammary epithelial cells is suggested as one of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of FMFH. 相似文献
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AL Souza G Galeati AP Almeida IJ Arruda N Govoni VJF Freitas D Rondina 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(2):218-221
Seventeen adult and cyclic Moxoto goats were synchronized using 60 mg MPA vaginal sponge for 11 days and 50 μg cloprostenol, 48 h before sponge removal, and superovulated with 120 mg pFSH i.m. in decreasing doses at 12 h intervals for three consecutive days. In seven goats, 0.2 IU/kg BW/day of long acting insulin was subcutaneously injected at same time as pFSH, and in the other five goats, the same dose of insulin was injected for three consecutive days starting 24 h after mating. Finally, five goats were supplemented with an oral dose of 80 ml/goat/day of propylene glycol continuously during the experiment. The animals were flushed at 7 days after mating and the embryos were classified based on International Embryo Transfer Society criteria. Blood samples were collected every 3 days for insulin assay. Administration of insulin raised the insulin levels of the goats (p < 0.05), whereas in the group treated with propylene glycol, insulin rate was different only between FSH treatment and after mating (p < 0.05). Similar rates of recovery for total (80.05 ± 9.78%) or transferable structures (61.03 ± 15.13%) were obtained. Treatment was not influenced (p > 0.05) by responsiveness to superovulation, which averaged 64%. By contrast, insulin treatments were shown to increase the number of embryos considered excellent with respect to goats supplemented with propylene glycol (p < 0.05). When insulin was given before mating, a strong relationship (r = 0. 90) (p < 0.05) between number of transferable embryo and ovulations was observed in the animals. In conclusion, superovulated goats treated with low doses of exogenous insulin resulted in an enhancement in embryo quality, which was related to changes in circulating insulin concentrations. 相似文献
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We present a case of aggressive metastatic carcinoma in a horse that was initially presented for shoulder lameness. Although radiography and scintigraphy were useful for localising a lesion in the proximal humerus, subsequent development of non-specific signs of systemic disease prompted further evaluation. Haematology and blood biochemistry, urinalysis and ultrasonography were all instrumental in identifying renal involvement. A diagnosis of a peri-renal mass causing secondary renal failure prompted euthanasia of the horse because of the poor prognosis. Antemortem findings were supported by necropsy, with secondary lesions also identified in the spleen, liver, 8th left rib and proximal humerus. Histological examination yielded a diagnosis of undifferentiated metastatic carcinoma. 相似文献
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The kinetics of a first-order, solid-solid phase transition were investigated in the prototypical nanocrystal system CdSe as a function of crystallite size. In contrast to extended solids, nanocrystals convert from one structure to another by single nucleation events, and the transformations obey simple unimolecular kinetics. Barrier heights were observed to increase with increasing nanocrystal size, although they also depend on the nature of the nanocrystal surface. These results are analogous to magnetic phase transitions in nanocrystals and suggest general rules that may be of use in the discovery of new metastable phases. 相似文献
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KE Lawrence AP Rhodes R Jackson DM Leathwick C Heuer WE Pomroy 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):283-288
AIM: To identify farm practices associated with the presence of resistance to a macrocyclic lactone (ML) anthelmintic on sheep farms in New Zealand. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to test for associations between the presence of resistance to an ML anthelmintic (ivermectin) and management practices on sheep farms in New Zealand. Selection of farms was both random (n=80) and purposive (n=32; being farms with a history of suspected ML resistance). Resistance was inferred from faecal nematode egg count (FEC) reduction (FECR) tests (FECRTs) when there was <95% reduction in FEC 7–10 days after treatment with a half dose of ivermectin (0.1 mg/kg). A logistic regression model was built to identify farm-level factors that were associated with the presence or absence of ML resistance. RESULTS: Of the 112 flock managers that were approached for interview, 103 (92%) returned useable questionnaires. The odds of ML resistance were increased: on farms that had used long-acting ML products in ewes as a pre-lambing treatment for ≥3 of the previous 5 years (odds ratio (OR) = 7.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.7–30.3); on farms where <70% of the total stock units mid-winter were from sheep (OR=6.5; 95% CI=1.6–25.6); on farms which over the year purchased ≥10% of the number of sheep present mid-winter (OR=7.1; 95% CI=1.5–34.7); and on farms where the average wool diameter of the main flock was <37 (OR=4.1; 95% CI=1.1–14.7) microns. The model provided a good fit to the data (pseudo R2=0.64; Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS: Explanatory factors identified as associated with the presence of ML (ivermectin) resistance on farms included the use of long-acting anthelmintic formulations in ewes pre-lambing, sources of refugia of unselected parasites on the farm, breed of sheep and their requirements for anthelmintic treatments, and the importing of resistant parasites with purchased stock. The study provides support for controls that aim to provide refugia of susceptible worms and that minimise the risk of introduction of resistance through effective quarantine-drenching. 相似文献
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TS Waghorn DM Leathwick AP Rhodes R Jackson WE Pomroy DM West 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):278-282
AIM: To establish the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nematodes on a random sample of beef cattle herds in the North Island of New Zealand. METHODS: A cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted using a standardised faecal nematode egg count (FEC) reduction (FECR) test (FECRT) for ivermectin, levamisole and albendazole on 60 calves on each of 62 farms in the North Island chosen at random from farms that conformed with the selection criteria. Resistance to an anthelmintic was inferred when there was <95% reduction in FEC 7-10 days after treatment. Larval cultures were performed for all control groups and for treated groups for which resistance was evident. RESULTS: Of the farms that completed the FECRT, 4/61 (7%) showed ≥95% reduction in FEC for all anthelmintics tested. Resistance to ivermectin was evident on 56/61 (92%) farms, to albendazole on 47/62 (76%) farms, and to both ivermectin and albendazole on 45/61 (74%) farms. Resistance to levamisole was evident on only 4/62 (6%) farms. The parasites most prevalent in resistant populations cultured were Cooperia spp. On 45/61 (74%) farms where Cooperia spp were present in suffi cient numbers, resistance to both ivermectin and albendazole was evident. No cases of levamisole-resistant Cooperia spp were detected. Resistance of Ostertagia spp to ivermectin was evident on 4/45 (9%) farms, to albendazole on 15/46 (35%) farms, and to levamisole on 4/46 (9%) farms. CONCLUSION: Anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nematodes of cattle is common in the North Island of New Zealand. Beef farmers need to be aware of the risks posed by anthelmintic resistance, and routine FECR testing is recommended to ensure optimal productivity and to guide decision-making when purchasing anthelmintics to be used on-farm. 相似文献