Radiographic Evaluation of the Anconeal Process in Skeletally Immature Dogs     

Jean K. Frazho DVM  John Graham MVB  MSC  DVR  Diplomate ACVR & ECVDI  Jeffrey N. Peck DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Jacek J. De Haan DVM  Diplomate ACVS & ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(7):829-832

Objective: To determine if a secondary center of ossification (SCO) of the anconeal process is present in skeletally immature dogs that do not develop an ununited anconeal process (UAP). Study Design: Case series. Animals: Dogs 77–154 days of age with conditions other than developmental disease of the elbow (n=78 dogs; total elbows=100). Methods: Mediolateral radiographic projections of the elbow were reviewed for presence or absence of a SCO of the anconeal process. Results: A SCO was radiographically evident in 16% of elbows from breeds that have been reported to be affected by UAP. The appearance of the SCO was different to an UAP fragment. None of the elbows with SCO of the anconeal process developed UAP. A SCO was not present in any small breed dogs. Conclusions: A SCO of the anconeal process is uncommon in medium and large breed dogs and the presence of a SCO does not indicate that UAP will develop. Clinical Relevance: Because radiographic diagnosis of a SCO of the anconeal process and UAP lesions have distinct appearances, an earlier diagnosis of UAP is possible.  相似文献   

Laser Vaporization of the Dorsal Turbinate as an Alternative Method of Accessing and Evaluating the Paranasal Sinuses     

Samantha L. Morello DVM  Eric J. Parente DVM  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(7):891-899

Objective: To report a technique for stoma creation into the conchofrontal sinus (CFS) through the dorsal turbinate and to evaluate stoma as a site for sinoscopy. Study Design: Prospective experimental study. Animals: Cadaveric equine heads (n=2) and normal adult horses (5). Methods: Technique feasibility was established on 2 cadaver heads. A diode laser fiber with a contact probe was passed into the nasal passage through a custom built, laser introducer rod (LIR). A videoendoscope was passed ventral to the LIR. A site on the caudal, medial aspect of the turbinate overlying the dorsal conchal sinus (DCS) was identified. A stoma to facilitate endoscope passage was created through the turbinate and sinoscopy performed to identify structures within the CFS and caudal maxillary sinus (CMS) and to evaluate the quality of the approach. The procedure was then performed in standing, sedated horses. Time required, laser energy used and complications were recorded. Endoscopy was performed ≥5 weeks postoperatively to assess stoma size and long‐term effects of the procedure. Results: A stoma was successfully created through the turbinate in both cadaveric skulls and in 4 horses; the stoma persisted for ≥5 weeks. The location of the stoma in 1 horse precluded sinoscopy. Conclusions: Laser vaporization of the dorsal turbinate through the nasal passage creates a stoma that lasts for at least 5 weeks providing a portal to the paranasal sinuses. Based on experience in 1 horse stoma location is critical to ensure adequate endoscope manipulation and sinoscopy. Clinical Relevance: Standing endoscopic sinusotomy within the nasal cavity through the DCS is an alternative to more invasive sinusotomy techniques with fewer potential complications and a cosmetic result.  相似文献   

In Vitro Mechanical Comparison of 2.0 and 2.4 Limited‐Contact Dynamic Compression Plates and 2.0 Dynamic Compression Plates of Different Thicknesses     

Adam M. Strom DVM  MS  Tanya C. Garcia MS  Karl Jandrey DVM  MAS  Diplomate ACVECC  Michael L. Huber DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Susan M. Stover DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(7):824-828

Objective: To compare the bending structural stiffness and bending strength of thick and thin 2.4 mm limited contact dynamic compression plates (2.4 LC‐DCP), 2.0 mm LC‐DCP (2.0 LC‐DCP), and 2.0 dynamic compression plates (2.0 DCP). Study Design: In vitro mechanical study. Methods: Two thicknesses of 2.4 LC‐DCP, 2.0 LC‐DCP, and 2.0 DCP stainless‐steel plates were tested in 4‐point bending. Data were collected during bending until implants plastically deformed. Bending structural stiffness and bending strength were determined from load displacement curves. Mechanical properties were compared between plates and the effects of plate type, size, and thickness on stiffness and strength were assessed using ANOVA. Results: The thick 2.4 LC‐DCP implant was the stiffest and strongest; the thin 2.0 DCP implant was most compliant and weakest. Larger sized plates, thicker plates, and limited contact design of plates enhanced stiffness and strength. For the plates studied, plate size had a larger effect than plate type or thickness on stiffness and strength. Conclusion: Increasing the size (width) and thickness of plates increases both the bending structural stiffness and strength. For the plates studied, LC‐DCP implants were stiffer and stronger than DCP implants. Clinical Relevance: Plate bending structural stiffness and strength can be most effectively enhanced by using a larger sized plate, but gains can also be achieved by using a thicker plate and/or an LC‐DCP instead of a DCP implant when possible.  相似文献   

Use of the Kishigami Atlantoaxial Tension Band in Eight Toy Breed Dogs with Atlantoaxial Subluxation     

ESTEBAN PUJOL  DVM    BERNARD BOUVY  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS & ECVS    MIGUEL OMAÑA  DVM    MAR FORTUNY  DVM    LUIS RIERA  DVM    PEDRO PUJOL  DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(1):35-42

Objective— To determine the applicability, complications, and long-term functional outcome of the Kishigami Atlantoaxial Tension Band (Kishigami AATB) for management of congenital and traumatic atlantoaxial (AA) instability in toy breed dogs.
Study Design— Case series.
Animals— Toy breed dogs (n=8) with congenital or traumatic AA instability.
Methods— The AA joint of each dog was surgically stabilized through a dorsal approach using the original or a modified version of the Kishigami AATB. Pre- and postoperative neurologic status, radiographs, and complications were reviewed. Follow-up examination was performed at 1 and 12 months.
Results— Functional improvement occurred in 5 dogs; 1 dog did not improve or worsen and 2 dogs were euthanatized at owner request. Adequate reduction and stabilization was achieved in 7 dogs based on immediate postoperative radiographs; failure of reduction was evident in 1 dog. No relevant complications occurred.
Conclusions— Kishigami AATB may be acceptable as an alternative method for dorsal stabilization of AA subluxation in toy breed dogs in which use of ventral screws or pins is challenging. Experience with this technique in a larger population is necessary to compare our results to those reported by ventral approach.
Clinical Relevance— The surgical technique described is effective, safe, and simple in the surgical treatment of AA subluxation in toy breed dogs.  相似文献   

Meniscal Mineralization in Domestic Cats     

Mila Freire DVM  James Brown DVM  Diplomate ACVR  Ian D. Robertson BVSc Diplomate ACVR  Anthony P. Pease DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVR  Jonathan Hash BA  Stuart Hunter DVM  Diplomate ACVP  Wendy Simpson DVM  Andrea Thomson Sumrell RVT 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(5):545-552

Objective: To (1) determine prevalence of radiographically detectable meniscal mineralization in domestic cats and (2) to evaluate the association between meniscal mineralization and degenerative joint disease (DJD). Study Design: Prospective study. Animals: Client‐owned cats (n=100) and 30 feline cadavers. Methods: Randomly selected client‐owned cats were used to determine the prevalence of meniscal mineralization. Stifles from feline cadavers were used to evaluate the relationship between meniscal mineralization (using high‐resolution X‐ray), radiographic DJD, and cartilage damage. Menisci were evaluated histologically. Results: Forty‐six percent of the client‐owned cats had meniscal mineralization detected in 1 or both stifles. Pain scores were not significantly different between stifles with meniscal mineralization and those with no radiographic pathology (P=.38). Thirty‐four of 57 cadaver stifles had meniscal mineralization, which was always located in the cranial horn of the medial meniscus. Percentage mineralization of the menisci was significantly correlated with the cartilage damage score of the medial femoral (r²=0.6; P<.0001) and tibial (r²=0.5; P<.0001) condyles as well as with the total joint cartilage damage (r²=0.36; P<.0001) score and DJD score (r²=0.8; P<.0001). Conclusion: Meniscal mineralization is a common condition in domestic cats and seems to indicate medial compartment DJD. Clinical Relevance: Clinical significance of meniscal mineralization is uncertain. Further work is needed to determine if the meniscal mineralization is a cause, or a consequence of joint degeneration.  相似文献   

Pararectal Cystotomy for Urolith Removal in Nine Horses     

Gustavo A. Abuja LV  José M. García‐López VMD  Diplomate ACVS  Richard Doran DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(5):654-659

Objective: To report outcome of horses after standing pararectal cystotomy for removal of uroliths. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Horses (n=9) with cystic calculi. Methods: Medical records (December 1998–May 2007) of horses with cystic calculi that had standing pararectal cystotomy were reviewed. Signalment; urolith number, size, and type; surgical technique; sedation and analgesia protocols; intra‐ and postoperative complications and outcome were analyzed. Results: Uroliths (mean diameter, 6.37 cm; median, 6 cm; range, 3–10 cm) were removed intact without need for fragmentation. Eight (89%) horses had no complications and 1 horse (11%) developed persistent drainage from the perineal incision and incisional healing was prolonged. The complications resolved after wound revision, and although cystoscopy showed absence of uroliths, the clinical signs associated with cystitis recurred. Conclusions: Cystic calculi can be removed safely in standing horses using a pararectal approach. The procedure was well tolerated and no serious complications were encountered. Clinical Relevance: Pararectal cystotomy allows removal of cystic calculi in standing sedated horses. The technique may offer an economic advantage over approaches that require general anesthesia.  相似文献   

Risk Factors for Femoral Fracture after Canine Press‐Fit Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty     

Seth Mathus Ganz DVM  Joshua Jackson DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Bruce VanEnkevort DVM  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(6):688-695

Objective: To evaluate risk factors for femoral fracture after porous‐coated cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). Study Design: Case series. Animals: Dogs (n=74) that had cementless THA (n=84). Methods: Medical records of dogs from 2 referral hospitals were reviewed for occurrence of postoperative femoral fracture. Patient and operative (age, breed, sex, weight, and canal flare index [CFI], indication for arthroplasty, intraoperative fissure, cerclage usage, and implant sizes) factors were analyzed. Assessment of implant positioning and canal fill was performed on immediate postoperative radiographs. Femoral fractures (n=11) were evaluated and compared with 73 cases without fracture that met the inclusion criteria. Results: Mean (±SEM) age was 7.30±0.69 years for dogs with, and 4.77±0.37 years for dogs without femoral fracture. Age was positively associated with fracture (P=.022). Mean (±SEM) CFI was 1.80±0.09 for dogs with, and 1.98±0.04 for dogs without fracture. CFI was negatively associated with fracture (P=.045). Body weight, intraoperative fissure, cerclage use, implant size, position, and canal fill did not influence the occurrence of femoral fracture. Conclusions: Older dogs and dogs with lower CFI may be at increased risk for femoral fracture after porous‐coated cementless THA. Clinical Relevance: Risk factors exist for femoral fracture after cementless THA using porous‐coated implants, and should be critically evaluated during the patient selection. These risks should be weighed against the benefits of the system, and measures to minimize femoral fracture in at‐risk patients studied.  相似文献   

Thoracoscopic Thoracic Duct Ligation and Thoracoscopic Pericardectomy for Treatment of Chylothorax in Dogs     

DAVID A. ALLMAN  DVM    MARYANN G. RADLINSKY  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    ALAN G. RALPH  DVM    CLARENCE A. RAWLINGS  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(1):21-27

Objective— To report the use of thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation (TDL) and pericardectomy for treatment of chylothorax.
Study Design— Case series.
Animals— Dogs with chylothorax (n=12).
Methods— Dogs with secondary or idiopathic chylothorax had thoracoscopy performed in sternal recumbency through 3 portals in the caudal right hemithorax for TDL and were then repositioned in dorsal recumbency for pericardectomy. Portals were placed in the 5th and 7th intercostal spaces of the right hemithorax with 1 transdiaphragmatic portal in the right paraxiphoid position. Follow-up was performed by recheck examination or telephone interview to determine outcome.
Results— Seven dogs (58%) had idiopathic chylothorax; 6 dogs (85.7%) had complete resolution of their effusion, whereas only 2 of the 5 nonidiopathic dogs (40%) had complete resolution.
Conclusions— Thoracoscopy is minimally invasive, provides excellent observation, and allows for ligation of the thoracic duct in the caudal thorax. Patients with idiopathic chylothorax may have a better prognosis after TDL and pericardectomy than dogs with nonidiopathic chylothorax.
Clinical Relevance— Thoracoscopy for ligation of the thoracic duct and pericardectomy is an acceptable surgical technique for treatment of chylothorax.  相似文献   

Long‐Term Outcome after Arthroscopic Debridement of Distal Phalanx Extensor Process Fragmentation in 13 Horses     

OLIVER M. CROWE  BVSc Cert ES    RICHARD J. HEPBURN  BVSc Cert EM Diplomate ACVIM    SVEND E. KOLD  DVM PhD    ROGER K. SMITH  MA Vet MB PhD DEO Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(1):107-114

Objective— To report long-term outcome after arthroscopic removal of fragmentation of the extensor process of the distal phalanx in horses.
Study Design— Case series.
Animals— Adult horses (n=13).
Methods— Medical records (2003–2004) of horses that had arthroscopic debridement of fragmentation of the extensor process of the distal phalanx were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included: lameness localized to the foot, fragmentation of the extensor process of the distal phalanx debrided arthroscopically, and a follow-up period of ≥4 years.
Results— Of the 13 horses, lameness was resolved in 11 (85%) initially but distal interphalangeal joint pain recurred in 2 (15%) within 1 year of surgery. Three (23%) other horses were retired because of lameness at other sites during the follow-up period resulting in 46% (6/13) being not lame and in full work after 4 years. Substantial changes were identified at surgery in the contralateral joint of 7 horses, even when fragments were only present unilaterally.
Conclusions— Arthroscopic debridement of fragmentation of the extensor process of the forelimb distal phalanx has a good short-term prognosis for resolution of lameness and return to work but a more guarded prognosis for long-term soundness.
Clinical Relevance— These results allow for more accurate prognostication preoperatively and may support early debridement of fragmentation of the extensor process of the distal phalanx.  相似文献   

Preparation of Canine and Feline Cadavers for Surgical Laboratories     

KYLE G. MATHEWS DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  KRISTEN RILEY BS  CVT  WILLIAM S. DERNELL DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(2):224-225

  相似文献