Nematicidal potential of Artemisia annua and its main metabolites     

Trifone D’Addabbo  Teresa Carbonara  Maria Pia Argentieri  Vincenzo Radicci  Paola Leonetti  Luciano Villanova  Pinarosa Avato 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,137(2):295-304

Nematotoxic effect of an aqueous extract of Artemisia annua and its components caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-CQA), artemisinin and the related semi-synthetic artesunate, was investigated on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis and on the virus-vector dagger nematode Xiphinema index. Juveniles of M. incognita and G. rostochiensis and females of X. index were exposed to 500, 250 and 125 μl ml^?1 solutions of the A. annua aqueous extract, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and artesunate and to 50 μl ml^?1 solution of artemisinin for 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. Egg masses of M. incognita and cysts of G. rostochiensis were exposed for 24, 48, 96 h and 1 or 2 weeks only to the extract solutions. Aqueous extract was highly effective on G. rostochiensis juveniles, whereas M. incognita juveniles were affected only at long exposure times. Adversely, egg hatch inhibition was strong on M. incognita and poor or minimal on G. rostochiensis. Females of X. index were sensitive only to long exposures to the highest extract concentration. Both caffeic and chlorogenic acid did not affect juveniles of M. incognita but were highly active on G. rostochiensis juveniles and X. index females even at the lowest concentration. Artesunate toxicity was almost zero on M. incognita and low on X. index females, but high on G. rostochiensis juveniles. Artemisinin solution was lethal to more than 50 % of G. rostochiensis juveniles within 24 h, but did not affect M. incognita juveniles and X. index females. Results suggest different roles of the tested compounds in the biocidal activity on each target nematode species. The extract of A. annua and its main phytochemicals seem to have a potential to be developed into new nematicidal formulates, though their activity should be validated in the soil.  相似文献   

Water and nitrogen balance of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor moench (L.)) cv. Keller under semi-arid conditions     

Salvatore Luciano Cosentino  Mariadaniela MantineoGiorgio Testa 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,36(1):329-342

In the framework of the E.U. project Fair CT 96-1913 “Environmental studies on sweet and fibre sorghum, sustainable crops for biomass and energy”, a research has been carried out with the aim to study the water and nitrogen balance and determine the critical N dilution curve of sweet sorghum cv. Keller. A field experiment was performed, where three irrigation treatments (I₀ = dry control, I₅₀ = 50% ETm restoration, I₁₀₀ = 100% ETm restoration) and four nitrogen fertilization levels (N₀ = no nitrogen control, N₆₀ = 60 kg ha⁻¹, N₁₂₀ = 120 kg ha⁻¹; N₁₈₀ = 180 kg ha⁻¹) were studied. The final yield was significantly affected by the amount of water distributed but not by the nitrogen level. The treatments watered up to crop establishment (I₀) produced, in the average, 7.5 t ha⁻¹ of dry matter, against 21.1 and 27.1 t ha⁻¹ of I₅₀ and I₁₀₀, respectively. The crop determined a great reduction in nitrate concentration of soil water, irrespective of nitrogen supplied. The variation between N output and input (Δ) was negative in N₀, N₆₀ and N₁₂₀ and positive in N₁₈₀. The critical value of nitrogen uptake change in relation to the water availability. The amount of nitrogen supplied did not determine significant differences upon WUE. The crop seems to have a great potentiality in Mediterranean environment in terms of yield production.  相似文献   

Aplisulfamines, new sulfoxide-containing metabolites from an aplidium tunicate: absolute stereochemistry at chiral sulfur and carbon atoms assigned through an original combination of spectroscopic and computational methods     

Aiello A  Fattorusso E  Imperatore C  Luciano P  Menna M  Vitalone R 《Marine drugs》2012,10(1):51-63

Two new sulfoxide-containing metabolites, aplisulfamines A and B, have been isolated from an Aplidium sp. collected in the Bay of Naples. Their planar structure and geometry of a double bond were readily determined by using standard methods, mainly NMR spectroscopy. An original approach was used to assign the absolute configuration at the three contiguous chiral centers present in the structures of both aplisulfamines, two at carbon and one at sulfur. This involved Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) studies, J-based configuration analysis and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and represents an interesting integration of modern techniques in stereoanalysis, which could contribute to the enhancement of theoretical protocols recently applied to solve stereochemical aspects in structure elucidation.  相似文献   

A Sulfated-Polysaccharide Fraction from Seaweed Gracilaria birdiae Prevents Naproxen-Induced Gastrointestinal Damage in Rats     

Renan O. Silva  Ana Paula M. Santana  Nathalia S. Carvalho  Talita S. Bezerra  Camila B. Oliveira  Samara R. B. Damasceno  Luciano S. Chaves  Ana Lúcia P. Freitas  Pedro M. G. Soares  Marcellus H. L. P. Souza  André Luiz R. Barbosa  Jand-Venes R. Medeiros 《Marine drugs》2012,10(12):2618-2633

Red seaweeds synthesize a great variety of sulfated galactans. Sulfated polysaccharides (PLSs) from seaweed are comprised of substances with pharmaceutical and biomedical potential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of the PLS fraction extracted from the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae in rats with naproxen-induced gastrointestinal damage. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (control group—vehicle) or PLS (10, 30, and 90 mg/kg, p.o.) twice daily (at 09:00 and 21:00) for 2 days. After 1 h, naproxen (80 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered. The rats were killed on day two, 4 h after naproxen treatment. The stomachs were promptly excised, opened along the greater curvature, and measured using digital calipers. Furthermore, the guts of the animals were removed, and a 5-cm portion of the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) was used for the evaluation of macroscopic scores. Samples of the stomach and the small intestine were used for histological evaluation, morphometric analysis and in assays for glutathione (GSH) levels, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. PLS treatment reduced the macroscopic and microscopic naproxen-induced gastrointestinal damage in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that the PLS fraction has a protective effect against gastrointestinal damage through mechanisms that involve the inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration and lipid peroxidation.  相似文献   

Evaluation of administration of isoflurane at approximately the minimum alveolar concentration on depression of a nociceptive withdrawal reflex evoked by transcutaneous electrical stimulation in ponies     

Spadavecchia C  Levionnois O  Kronen PW  Leandri M  Spadavecchia L  Schatzmann U 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(5):762-769

OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of isoflurane at approximately the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) of the forelimb of ponies as a method for quantifying anesthetic potency. ANIMALS: 7 healthy adult Shetland ponies. PROCEDURE: Individual MAC (iMAC) for isoflurane was determined for each pony. Then, effects of isoflurane administered at 0.85, 0.95, and 1.05 iMAC on the NWR were assessed. At each concentration, the NWR threshold was defined electromyographically for the common digital extensor and deltoid muscles by stimulating the digital nerve; additional electrical stimulations (3, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mA) were delivered, and the evoked activity was recorded and analyzed. After the end of anesthesia, the NWR threshold was assessed in standing ponies. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD MAC of isoflurane was 1.0 +/- 0.2%. The NWR thresholds for both muscles increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner during anesthesia, whereas they decreased in awake ponies. Significantly higher thresholds were found for the deltoid muscle, compared with thresholds for the common digital extensor muscle, in anesthetized ponies. At each iMAC tested, amplitudes of the reflex responses from both muscles increased as stimulus intensities increased from 3 to 40 mA. A concentration-dependent depression of evoked reflexes with reduction in slopes of the stimulus-response functions was detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Anesthetic-induced changes in sensory-motor processing in ponies anesthetized with isoflurane at concentrations of approximately 1.0 MAC can be detected by assessment of NWR. This method will permit comparison of effects of inhaled anesthetics or anesthetic combinations on spinal processing in equids.  相似文献   

Meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri in cattle of northeast Brazil     

Pimentel LA  Dantas AF  Uzal F  Riet-Correa F 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(2):811-812

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis is an acute disease of the central nervous system of humans and animals caused by Naegleria fowleri. This report describes a case of meningoencephalitis caused by N. fowleri in a crossbred, one-year-old bovine with progressive neurological signs. At necropsy there was thickening of the meninges and multifocal areas of malacia in the thalamus, caudal and rostral colliculi, parietal and occipital cortex, and cerebellum. Histologically there was multifocal necrosupurative meningoencephalitis associated with areas of malacia containing amoebic trophozoites. Immunohistochemistry of the brain was positive for N. fowleri. The disease should be included among the differential diagnosis of diseases of the central nervous system in cattle in areas where animals are exposed to hot, stagnant water.  相似文献   

Performance,endocrine, metabolic,and reproductive responses of Nellore heifers submitted to different supplementation levels pre- and post-weaning     

Aline Gomes da Silva  Mário Fonseca Paulino  Lincoln da Silva Amorim  Luciana Navajas Rennó  Edenio Detmann  Felipe Henrique de Moura  Marcos Rocha Manso  Paulo Henrique Silva e Paiva  Román Enrique Maza Ortega  Luciano Prímola de Melo 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(4):707-715

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of high and low supplementation levels pre- and post-weaning on performance, endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive responses of Nellore heifers. Fifty Nellore heifers with 132?±?9.9 kg average body weight (BW) and 138?±?19 days of age were supplemented from 4 to 14 months. The heifers were distributed into five supplementation plans: HH—6 g/kg of BW of supplement pre- and post-weaning, HL—6 g/kg of BW of supplement pre-weaning and 3 g/kg post-weaning, LH—3 g/kg of BW pre-weaning and 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning, LL—3 g/kg of BW pre- and post-weaning, and CC—control, no supplementation. Interactions were not significant (P?>?0.10). The level of supplement fed pre-weaning did not affect any of the performance variables evaluated at the end of the experiment (P?>?0.10). There was a significant effect of supplementation and level of supplementation fed post-weaning on average daily gain (ADG) and final BW (P?<?0.05). Overall ADG was also affected only by supplementation and level of supplement fed post-weaning (P?<?0.05) with animals receiving 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning gaining more weight. Follicular diameter was greater in animals that received 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning (P?<?0.05). In summary, performance, endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive variables evaluated in the current study were improved by the level of supplement fed post-weaning. Heifers receiving supplementation of 6 g/kg of BW post-weaning had greater responses, independent of the level received during the pre-weaning phase.  相似文献   

Structure-function relationship of vermicompost humic fractions for use in agriculture     

Andrés Calderín García  Orlando Carlos Huertas Tavares  Dariellys Martínez Balmori  Vitor dos Santos Almeida  Luciano Pasqualoto Canellas  José María García-Mina  Ricardo Luis Louro Berbara 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(4):1365-1375

  相似文献   

Carbon sequestration capability of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagus sylvatica</Emphasis> forests developing in the Majella National Park (Central Apennines,Italy)     

Loretta Gratani  Luciano Di Martino  Anna Rita Frattaroli  Andrea Bonito  Valter Di Cecco  Walter De Simone  Giorgia Ferella  Rosangela Catoni 《林业研究》2018,29(6):1627-1634

Terrestrial ecosystems represent a major sink for atmospheric carbon (C) and temperate forests play an important role in global C cycling, contributing to lower atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration through photosynthesis. The Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change highlights that the forestry sector has great potential to decrease atmospheric CO₂ concentration compared to other sectoral mitigation activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate CO₂ sequestration (CO₂S) capability of Fagus sylvatica (beech) growing in the Orfento Valley within Majella National Park (Abruzzo, Italy). We compared F. sylvatica areas subjected to thinning (one high-forest and one coppice) and no-management areas (two high-forests and two coppices). The results show a mean CO₂S of 44.3 ± 2.6 Mg CO₂ ha^?1 a^?1, corresponding to 12.1 ± 0.7 Mg C ha^?1 a^?1 the no-managed areas having a 28% higher value than the managed areas. The results highlight that thinning that allows seed regeneration can support traditional management practices such as civic use in some areas while no management should be carried out in the reserve in order to give priority to the objective of conservation and naturalistic improvement of the forest heritage.  相似文献   

Preliminary study of a teaching model for ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blockade and effects on the learning curve in veterinary anesthesia residents     

Luciano C.B.A. da Silva  Fábio P. Sellera  Ronaldo G. Gargano  Thais C. Rossetto  Giancarlo B. Gomes  Fabiano T. Miyahira  Fábio Futema  Silvia R.G. Cortopassi 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):684-687

Objective

To evaluate the use of an experimental colloid model for teaching veterinary anesthesia residents ultrasound-guided technique for nerve blockade.

Study design

Prospective, blinded and randomized.

Methods

Colloid models were constructed for practice in ultrasound-guided needle location. Nine veterinary anesthesia residents with no prior experience of ultrasound-guided technique for nerve blocks were randomly divided into three groups. Each group received theoretical orientation. Two groups were assigned to practical training using the experimental model: group 1 (G1) received 2 hours of training and group 2 (G2) received 1 hour of training prior to testing with specific tasks. Group 3 (G3) received no practical training. During testing, the time required for task completion (e.g., display of structures and positioning a needle) and the number of failures were recorded.

Results

The average times to completion of the tasks and the number of technical failures were: G1, 47 seconds and 1 failure; G2, 68 seconds and 2 failures; G3, 187 seconds and 7 failures.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

In residents with no prior experience of ultrasound-guided needle placement, using an experimental colloid model and a longer training period was associated with increased accuracy and decreased time to task completion. Based on the results of this study, training with an experimental model can be recommended to improve the speed and accuracy of needle manipulation using ultrasound in clinicians with no prior experience of ultrasound-guided technique.  相似文献