斜茎黄芪生物碱成分GC-MS分析     

温伟利  赵宝玉  路浩  达能太  周启武 《动物医学进展》2013,34(10)

采用生物碱系统提取、薄层色谱和GC-MS分析技术,研究斜茎黄芪生物碱成分.结果表明,4.5 kg斜茎黄芪得到酸性和碱性氯仿部分生物碱分别为5.4g和3.6g,提取率为1.3％和0.8％；薄层色谱分析,酸性和碱性氯仿部分生物碱分别在氯仿∶甲醇=15∶1(Ⅴ∶ Ⅴ)和甲醇∶氨水=10∶1(Ⅴ∶Ⅴ)展开体系展开效果最佳,均呈现5个显色斑点；GC-MS分析,酸性和碱性氯仿部分各鉴定出7种生物碱,酸性氯仿部分以别隐品碱(34.84％)、原阿片碱(31.36％)和坎那定(21.46％)含量较高,碱性氯仿部分以别隐品碱(71.74％)、Oxyhydrostinine (7.45％)和坎那定(5.35％)含量较高.斜茎黄芪含有生物碱,且以别隐品碱、原阿片碱、坎那定碱和Oxyhydrostinine为主.  相似文献   

A survey of adverse effects associated with ivermectin use in Louisiana horses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P A Karns  D G Luther 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1984,185(7):782-783

In a survey of 13 Louisiana equine practices, it was determined that 366 of 3,316 horses developed adverse reactions following use of ivermectin, with 3 of the horses having more than 1 reaction. Almost all of the reactions were of minor to moderate concern; however, 1 death was reported. Three hundred and thirty-two (91% of all reactions) were reported as ventral midline pruritus or edema (10% of all doses). Fifteen (0.45%) were transient injection site swelling and/or stiffness. Eleven horses (0.33%) developed limb edema. Eyelid edema was reported in 4 horses (0.12%). Two horses (0.06%) had fever. Rate and depth of respiration was increased in 1 horse (0.03%). One horse (0.03%) became disoriented. Three horses (0.09%) developed signs of colic. One horse (0.03%) died a few minutes after injection, and 1 horse (0.03%) became depressed. The survey covered the period from March to August of 1983.  相似文献   

Multicentric schwannoma in a mature Holstein cow   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R C Johnson  W I Anderson  P B Luther  A M Ryan 《The Veterinary record》1988,123(25):649-650

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Cell culture assay for toxigenic Pasteurella multocida from atrophic rhinitis of pigs   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

J M Rutter  P D Luther 《The Veterinary record》1984,114(16):393-396

A toxin produced by strains of Pasteurella multocida isolated from pigs with atrophic rhinitis caused a cytopathic effect in cell cultures derived from embryonic bovine lung. The toxin was produced during the late logarithmic phase of bacterial growth and inactivated by heating for 30 minutes at 56 degrees C. The cell culture assay was reproducible and 10(3) to 10(4) times more sensitive than a lethal assay in BALB/c mice. There was complete agreement between results in the two tests with 76 isolates of P multocida. Neutralising activity was demonstrated in both assays with sera from infected gnotobiotic piglets. It was concluded that embryonic bovine lung cell cultures provided a sensitive in vitro test for the differentiation of toxigenic from non toxigenic isolates of P multocida. The assay could be used in diagnostic laboratories and for characterisation of the toxin.  相似文献   

A comparison of stress in surgically and non-surgically mulesed sheep     

RE CHAPMAN  LR FELL† ‡  DA SHUTT† 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(8):243-247

Summary A comparison has been made in 9- to 10-month-old castrated male Merino sheep of the changes in plasma total cortisol concentration and behaviour after being treated by either the modified Mules operation or by topical application of a quaternary ammonium compound to achieve non-surgical mulesing. After surgical mulesing, plasma total cortisol concentration increased immediately and rapidly and reached a peak value in 15 minutes, whereas after non-surgical treatment an immediate rise did not occur, but a similar peak value was observed in blood samples collected 24 hours after treatment. The concentrations were lower in both groups at 48 hours. Likewise postural changes indicative of discomfort were immediately apparent in the surgically treated sheep, but not until 3 to 4 hours later in those treated non-surgically. Arena testing revealed that a lasting aversion to the person who restrained them during treatment developed in the surgically mulesed sheep, but not in those treated non-surgically. The non-surgical procedure did not create large open wounds, as did the surgical operation, but still achieved similar enlargement of the bare area on the breech, and healing was quicker in the non-surgically treated sheep.  相似文献   

Heat storage in the oceanic upper mixed layer inferred from landsat data     

Mollo-Christensen E  DA S Mascarenhas A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1979,203(4381):653-654

From the spacing of internal wave packets generated by tidal flow over topography, one can determine their propagation speed. The propagation speed depends upon the density anomaly and depth of the upper mixed layer. Attributing the density anomaly to temperature only, one can calculate the heat storage in the upper oceanic layer. On the basis of Landsat images of the New England continental shelf, the heat storage calculated from satellite data has been compared with available in situ observations. The data show that the method may have merit and is deserving of further refinement.  相似文献   

Simultaneous assessment of various responses of the soil microflora to bentazone     

J. A. P. MARSH  G. I. WINGFIELD  HAZEL A. DA  VIES ERNA GROSSBARD 《Weed Research》1978,18(5):293-300

The effect of bentazone at 10 and 100 ppm in two soils on microbial activities and populations was investigated for 32 weeks. The higher concentration caused reductions in carbon dioxide output and oxygen uptake in both soils, In soil I (pH 6.4, organic C 1.7%) an increase in total mineral nitrogen occurred throughout but in soil H (pH 5.6, organic C 3.7%) a reduction in both mineralization of nitrogen and nitrification was observed from week 22 onwards. In general, populations of fungi and actinomycetes were resistant to or stimulated by bentazone, especially in soil II at 100 ppm. With bacteria, including cellulolytic and spore formers, cellulolytic fungi and actinomycetes, there was some inhibition even at the low concentration, effects being more pronounced in soil II than in soil I. The herbicide at 20 ppm had very little effect on growth and morphology of four fungal species in pure culture. Residue analyses showed that bentazone degraded more rapidly in soil II than in soil I although appreciable effects occurred throughout the experiment in both soils. Evaluation simultanée de diverses réactions de la microflore du sol à la bentazone. L'effet de la bentazone à 10 et 100 ppm sur les activités et les populations microbiennes a étéétudié pendant 32 semaines. La concentration la plus forte a provoqué des réductions du dégagement de dioxyde de carbone et de l'absorption d'oxygéne dans les deux sols. Dans le sol I (pH 6,4, teneur en carbone organique 1,7%) un accroissement de I'azote mineral total s'est constamment manifesté, mais, dans le sol II (pH 5,6, teneur en carbone organique 3,7%) une réduction simultanée de la minéralisation de I'azote et de la nitrification a été observée a partir de la 22ème semaine. D'une façon générale, les populations de champignons et d'actinomycétes se sont montrées résistantes à la bentazone, ou même stimulées par elle, en particulier pour le sol II à la concentration de 100 ppm. Avec les bactéries, y compris les formes sporultés et cellulolytiques, les champignons cellulolytiques et les aainomycétes, il s'est produit une certaine inhibition même à la concentration faible, ces cffets étant plus prononcés dans le sol II que dam le sol I. L'herbicide à 20 ppm n'a eu qu'une trés faible action sur la croissance et la morphologie de quatre espéces de champignons en culture pure Des analyses de résidus ont montré que la bentazone s'est dégradée plus rapiderment dans le sol II que dans le sol I, bien que des effets appréciables soieni apparus dans toute l'expérience avec les deux sols. Gleichzeitige Erfassung verschiedener Reaktionen der Bodenmikroflora auf Bentazon Es wurde die Wirkung von Bentazon (10 und 100 ppm) über 32 Wochen auf die mikrobielle Aktivität und auf die Mikroorganismenpopulationen zweier Boden untersucht. Durch die höhere Konzentration ging in beiden Boden die Abgabe von Kohlendioxid und die Aufnahme von Sauerstoff zurück. Im Boden I (pH 6,4; org. C l,7%) wurde während der gesamten Versuchszeit ein Anstieg des mineralischen Stickstoffs festgestellt, während im Boden II (pH 5,6; org. C 3,7%) ein Rückgang in der Stickstoffmineralisierung und der Nitrifikation ab der 22. Woche zu beobachten war. Im allgemeinen waren die Pilz- und Actinomycetenpopulationen gegenüber Bentazon resistent oder sie wurden durch das Herbizid gefördert, besonders im Boden II bei 100 ppm. Beiden Bakterien, einschliesslich zellulolytischer und sporenbildender Arten, den zellulolytischen Pilzen und Actinomyceten wurde eine geringe Hemmung, sogar bei der niedrigen Konzentration, festgestellt. Diese Effekte waren im Boden II stärker als im Boden I ausgeprägt. In Reinkultur hatten 20 ppm Bentazon nur eine gennge Wirkung auf das Wachstum und die Morphologie von vier Pilzarten. Rückstandsuntersuchungen ergaben, dass Bentazon im Boden II schneller ais im Boden I abgebaut wurde, es kam aber in beiden Böden zu deutlichen Effekten.  相似文献   

Elucidation of the DNA sequence of Streptococcus uberis adhesion molecule gene (sua) and detection of sua in strains of Streptococcus uberis isolated from geographically diverse locations     

Luther DA  Almeida RA  Oliver SP 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,128(3-4):304-312

Streptococcus uberis is an important environmental pathogen that causes subclinical and clinical mastitis in lactating and nonlactating cows throughout the world. S. uberis adhesion molecule (SUAM) was identified recently by our laboratory and we hypothesize that SUAM is a potential virulence factor involved in the pathogenesis of S. uberis mastitis. The first objective of the present study was to clone and sequence the SUAM gene (sua) from S. uberis UT888. The second objective was to determine the prevalence of sua in strains of S. uberis isolated from geographically diverse locations. The 20 amino acid N-terminal sequence of purified SUAM was utilized to identify a single open reading frame (ORF) in the S. uberis O140J (ATCC BAA-854) genome database. Three sets of primers were identified from this sequence for amplification of sub-fragments and the complete gene encoding SUAM. Restriction fragment analysis of the largest polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product confirmed the desired fragment had been amplified. This 2970bp PCR fragment was cloned into plasmid pCR-XL-TOPO and sequenced. The S. uberis UT888 sua sequence (NCBI Accession no. DQ232760) was 99% similar to the S. uberis O140J database sequence. The three pairs of PCR primers were used in a subsequent experiment to identify sua in 12 strains of S. uberis isolated in milk from dairy cows with mastitis in Tennessee (n=6), Colorado (n=1), Washington (n=1), New Zealand (n=1) and from the American Type Culture Collection (n=3). Primer pairs yielded the expected 2970, 2639 and 2362bp PCR fragments in all strains evaluated. In conclusion, we cloned and sequenced sua, which codes for the first described S. uberis adhesin, SUAM. sua was detected in all strains of S. uberis evaluated suggesting that it is conserved.  相似文献   

低剂量铅对大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞的毒性效应     

路浩  梅莉  达剑森  张英  刘宗平 《中国兽医学报》2008,28(5):576-580

本试验旨在研究低剂量铅对原代培养的大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞的存活及凋亡的影响。用新生24 h内SD大鼠,建立了大脑皮质神经细胞原代培养方法,通过不同浓度醋酸铅染毒后,用MTT法测定神经细胞的存活率;应用Hoechst 33258荧光染色和流式细胞仪检测铅对神经细胞凋亡的影响。结果表明,低剂量铅（50μmol/L）在3～6 h对神经细胞生长无明显作用,12 h后则表现抑制作用,其他各染毒组随剂量增加和作用时间的延长,细胞存活率逐渐下降,与对照组相比,作用12 h以上差异显著（P〈0.05）;Hoechst 33258荧光染色随染铅剂量的增加,细胞核呈新月形,染色质浓缩,出现凋亡小体,甚至核碎裂;细胞凋亡率随染毒剂量的增加而逐渐升高,对照组为0.7%,染铅组依次为1.1%、1.5%、1.9%、2.2%,而各染铅组细胞坏死率均为0.2%,与对照组比较只增加了0.1%。表明本试验所选择的铅浓度引起神经细胞死亡是以凋亡为主,低剂量铅具有抑制神经细胞存活和促进其凋亡的毒性作用。  相似文献   

铺散亚菊超临界CO2萃取挥发油成分及其抑菌活性研究     

达洛嘉  马家麟  白雪  高世宝  林鹏程 《安徽农业科学》2016,(4):4-7

[目的]研究藏药铺散亚菊挥发油的主要成分及其抑菌活性。[方法]采用超临界CO_2法萃取铺散亚菊挥发油成分,采用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)结合相对保留指数进行组分分析鉴定,并通过滤纸片扩散法筛选铺散亚菊挥发油对常见13种致病菌的抑菌活性。[结果]从铺散亚菊超临界CO_2萃取物中共分离出127个可识别峰,含量高于0.02%的化学成分为46种,占总萃取物的67.30%。铺散亚菊挥发油对乙型副伤寒沙门菌、产气肠杆菌等11种供试菌表现出抑菌活性。[结论]GC-MS结合保留指数对铺散亚菊超临界CO_2萃取挥发油进行定性分析,使定性结果更为可靠。该研究结果可为铺散亚菊挥发油的抗菌活性研究提供试验依据。  相似文献