不同类农作物秸秆在肉羊瘤胃中的降解特性研究     

陈晓琳  孙娟  王月超  马涛  王海超  刁其玉 《中国畜牧杂志》2015,(5):45-51

本试验旨在研究不同类农作物秸秆在肉羊瘤胃中的降解规律,以3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的杜×寒肉用绵公羊为试验动物,以青贮玉米秸为对照材料,采用半体内尼龙袋法对不同产地的6类19个秸秆样品干物质(DM)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的降解率和降解参数进行测定。结果表明:秸秆DM和NDF的瘤胃降解规律相近,48 h后趋于稳定,72 h消失率和有效降解率(ED)最高的为藤蔓类的地瓜秧和花生秧,接近青贮玉米秸,玉米秸、大豆秸和稻草秸较低,小麦秸最低(P0.05);DM和NDF有效降解率与粗蛋白质(CP)、NDF和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的相关性较强(P0.01),拟合方程分别为DMD=0.9900+0.3270 CP-0.8099 NDF-0.1880 ADF(R~2=0.8860,P0.0001)、NDFD=0.5111+0.3833 CP-0.1519 NDF-0.3963 ADF(R~2=0.7585,P0.0001)。地瓜秧和花生秧在瘤胃中降解快,可作为肉羊较好的饲料来源,而玉米秸、大豆秸、稻草秸和小麦秸在瘤胃中降解效果较差。  相似文献   

15个鸡群体IL-2基因的遗传变异分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵会静  张敬敬  文杰  刘冉冉  郑麦青  李庆贺  马月辉  赵桂苹 《畜牧兽医学报》2015,(1):41-49

为了深入研究鸡IL-2基因的多态性及为鸡抗病育种提供理论依据,本研究以IL-2基因为研究对象,采用直接测序的方法对11个中国地方鸡品种、3个引进鸡品种和1个培育鸡品种共448个个体该基因的遗传变异进行了分析。通过DNA池和直接测序技术,共发现了13个突变位点。对所有个体的一段包含5个SNPs的区域进行分析,发现不同等位基因在15个鸡群体间分布存在显著差异,表明不同品种间IL-2基因具有丰富的遗传变异资源,可为抗病基因的选择提供素材;群体遗传学指标分析表明,H系京星黄鸡的遗传多样性最低,这与其品种形成过程一致,其他品种多样性差异不大;单倍型分析共发现23种单倍型,其中H1(CAACG)、H2(CAATT)、H4(TGTTG)、H9(TGTTG)、H11(TATCG)和H16(CATCG)为中国地方鸡品种特有或优势单倍型,可能与抗病能力相关。  相似文献   

Phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from wild birds in the Poyang Lake region of China     

Shengtao FAN  Tiecheng WANG  Xiaolong GAO  Ying YING  Xue LI  Yongcheng LI  Yuanguo LI  Jinzhu MA  Heting SUN  Dong CHU  Yu XU  Songtao YANG  Qihan LI  Yuwei GAO  Xianzhu XIA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1143-1149

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a highly contagious viral disease in poultry and wild birds, and it can cause significant economic loss worldwide. Eight viral strains were isolated by inoculating embryonated chicken eggs from the Poyang Lake region of China with swab samples. All eight of the NDV isolates were identified as class I genotype 3 strains, but they diverged notablely from class II viruses. Further analysis revealed that all eight NDV isolates were lentogenic strains containing the ¹¹²ERQER↓L¹¹⁷ motif at the F protein cleavage site. The strains were highly identical and were more species specific (chicken and waterfowl) than site specific (Nanchang and Duchang regions). The close phylogenetic proximity of these isolates indicates that viral transmission may happen between poultry and wild birds. Our study demonstrates that lentogenic class I NDVs exist in clinically healthy wild waterfowl and poultry within the Poyang Lake region. Active surveillance of these viruses to determine their evolution and origin is one of the most realistic strategies for preventing and controlling NDV outbreaks.  相似文献   

Downregulation of the expression of inhibin α subunit and betaglycan in porcine cystic follicles     

Chunqiang WANG  Chunjing LI  Hongjiao LI  Wei MA  Shuxiong CHEN  Yun ZHAO  Jiahui RAO  Xu ZHOU 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1419-1425

Inhibins, as members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, downregulate the synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in an endocrine manner. The role of inhibin/betaglycan in the ovary regulation recently gained attention. To date, no data exist on the function of inhibin α subunit and betaglycan in cystic follicles. In this study, the expressions of inhibin α subunit and betaglycan in cystic follicles were investigated using immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Both inhibin α subunit and betaglycan immunoreactivities were mainly localized in the granulosa cells of follicles. Expression of inhibin α subunit and betaglycan was inferior in cystic follicles compared with that in normal large follicles. However, the result of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed no significant difference in the decreasing in concentration of inhibin α subunit in cystic follicular fluid compared with the control (P>0.05). In this study, we explored the effects of FSH on betaglycan expression in granulosa cells in vitro. As expected, a significant increase in the expressions of betaglycan mRNA and protein in granulosa cells was observed in response to exogenous FSH (30 ng/ml) (P<0.05) compared with the control. Consequently, this study provides evidence that the expressions of inhibin α subunit and betaglycan are inferior in cystic follicles, and this may be caused by the decrease in FSH in the presence of a cystic follicle.  相似文献   

Is the Production of Embryos in Small‐Scale Farming an Economically Feasible Enterprise?          下载免费PDF全文

Z Sánchez  MA Lammoglia  MA Alarcón  JJ Romero  CS Galina 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(4):574-579

The present assay attempts to evaluate the feasibility of using embryo transfer in small community farmers by in vivo study and by modelling the results obtained. From the total of 59 donor cows, 62.7% responded to treatment, with a significant difference (p = 0.002) in the percentage of the response between breeds, being 90.5% (19/21) in Holstein and 47.4% (18/38) in Brahman. A total of 283 embryos were graded as transferable, while 141 as non‐transferable, without difference in the percentage of transferable embryo by breed (p = 0.18). The mean of transferable embryos graded as class I and II was not different between Holstein and Brahman (p = 0.96 and p = 0.92, respectively); besides, no differences were observed in the other grades (non‐transferable). The highest difference in costs, regardless of its quality by breed, was seen in the lower levels of probable fertility of the embryo transferred, even reaching several hundred dollars. When modelling the expected costs for embryo produced and transferred, values can reach nearly $2000.00 when the probable fertility is only 10%. However, when the probable fertility was 60%, embryo cost was close to $300.00. This technology seems to be viable on average or high‐scale systems, having a superovulatory response between 60 and 80% with 4–6 transferrable embryos. Yet, in small‐scale farming, due to the reduced number of donors and/or recipients, the costs surpass the economical feasibility of the technique.  相似文献   

溪黄草水提物及其复方对细菌的抑制效果观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭金菊  吴祖雄  张颖志  范葶莉  吴燕文  张旭政  张清林  钟威  马驿 《中兽医医药杂志》2015,(1):39-41

为了评价溪黄草及其复方对细菌的体外抑制效果,以水作为浸提溶剂,通过试管二倍稀释法测定溪黄草水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌、变形杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)与最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并将溪黄草水提物与五倍子、金银花、大青叶、黄芩、五味子、秦皮等中药水提物组成复方,测定中药复方对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果。结果表明,溪黄草水提取物对G+菌的体外抑菌效果较强(MIC为25-100 mg/m L),对G-菌的体外抑菌效果相对较弱(MIC为50-400 mg/m L),其中对表皮葡萄球菌的抑菌效果最强(MIC为25 mg/m L)。提示溪黄草水提物与其他中药水提物分别组成复方后,大部分复方对大肠杆菌的抑制作用有所增强。  相似文献   

超微粉碎对菌草鹿角灵芝中多糖、三萜类溶出度的影响     

廖吕燕  崔萧瑜  李健  潘晓丽  马玉芳  黄一帆 《中兽医医药杂志》2015,(2):13-17

目的:比较不同浸提时间菌草鹿角灵芝超微粉和普通粉中多糖和三萜类溶出率的差异。方法:采用苯酚-硫酸法检测多糖含量,以齐墩果酸为标准品,采用紫外-可见分光光度法检测三萜类含量。结果:相同提取时间下,超微粉多糖和三萜类的溶出量分别比细粉的溶出量提高24%和15.2%,溶出度参数T50和Td检测结果显示,超微粉多糖、三萜类溶出速度也比细粉快,在90 min时超微粉多糖累计溶出量达到95%以上,三萜类在90%以上,而细粉的两项溶出量均仅为约70%。结论:超微粉碎技术有利于菌草鹿角灵芝有效成分的溶出。  相似文献   

扶正解毒散及其超微粉体外抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒药效比较     

马霞  郭振环  刘永录  王长林  张国祖 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(4):1032-1037

采用鸡胚法和细胞法2种体外抗病毒试验比较扶正解毒超微粉(FZSM)和扶正解毒散(FZ)的抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)效果。鸡胚法:在FZSM和FZ 2种煎煮液对鸡胚安全浓度范围内分别选取3个浓度,采用先加煎煮液后接种病毒和先接种病毒后加煎煮液2种方式,接种10日龄SPF鸡胚,测定2种煎煮液对IBDV ELD50的影响。细胞法:在FZSM和FZ 2种煎煮液对鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)安全浓度范围内分别选取3个浓度,采用先加煎煮液后接种病毒和先接种病毒后加煎煮液2种方式,加入到长成单层的CEF中继续培养,观察并统计各孔的细胞病变(CPE)。结果显示,FZSM和FZ 2种煎煮液均可以降低IBDV的病毒滴度和CPE抑制率,高浓度效果优于低浓度;同浓度FZSM效果优于FZ;预防作用效果优于治疗作用效果。结果表明FZSM和FZ均具有体外抗IBDV的作用,且FZSM效果优于FZ。  相似文献   

Effects of Feeding Different Dietary Crude Protein and Digestible Energy to Yili Mares during Late Lactation Stage on Growth Development and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Foals     

WANG Xian-dong  DENG Hai-feng  LI Hai  JIN Wei-xing  ZHANG Hao  MA Yu-hui  CHEN Yong 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(5):1137-1144

In this paper, thirty Yili mares aged 11 to 12 years with weighing 410 kg ± 30 kg, parity of 4 to 5 in third lactation month were selected, and were randomly divided into six groups, each group with five repeats.Two factors quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combination design was adopted to evaluate the effects of feeding different dietary CP and DE to mares on growth development and blood biochemical parameters of foals.Daily DE and CP feeding levels of the 6 groups were 92 MJ/d and 1.20 kg/d, 125 MJ/d and 1.20 kg/d, 92 MJ/d and 1.55 kg/d, 107 MJ/d and 1.35 kg/d, 125 MJ/d and 1.44 kg/d, 115 MJ/d and 1.55 kg/d, respectively.The results showed that body weight, body height, chest circumference and cannon circumference of foals of four and five months were not significant affected by maternal protein and energy intake (P>0.05).As compared with ration contained high DE (125 MJ/d) and low CP (1.20 kg/d), feeding with ration contained moderate DE (107 MJ/d) and CP (1.35 kg/d) improved body length of foals of four and five months significantly (P<0.05).From the blood biochemical parameters, such as total protein, albumin, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, there were no significant differences among all groups (P>0.05).Mares fed with ration contained moderate DE (107 MJ/d) and CP (1.35 kg/d) obviously improved the aspartate aminotransferase and uric acid level.In summary, Yili mares during lactation late stage fed with 1.35 kg/d CP and 107 MJ/d DE daily could significantly improve body length development of foals, and foals nitrogen metabolism was altered by maternal dietary nutrition through increasing blood aspartate aminotransferase activity.  相似文献   

Pathogen Analysis of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex     

MA Chun-xia  LI Jun  QIN Yong  ZHONG Shu-hong  TAO Li  PENG Hao  LAN Mei-yi  YANG Wei  CHEN Ze-xiang  HU Shuai  LI Chang-ting  ZHAO Xiao-hong 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(9):2481-2486

To investigate the pathogen of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) of a dairy farm in Guangxi, a strain of Mycoplasma and a strain of gram-negative pathogenic bacterium were isolated and identified by the means of field surveys, clinic observation, pathological examination, isolation studies and so on.Treatments were taken according to drug sensitivity test results.The Mycoplasma strain, growing on PPLO medium, formed typical "fried egg" colonies.A 448 bp of oppF fragment was amplified by PCR from the strain and had 98.4% nucleotide identity with Mycoplasma bovis reference isolate PG5 of USA.The biochemical features of the gram-negative bacterial isolate were same with Serratia marcescens.The PCR amplified 16S rDNA of the gram-negative pathogenic bacterium strain was 1 400 bp.It shared 99.0% nucleotide identity with other Serratia marcescens reference strains obtained from GenBank.Animal experiment showed that the gram-negative pathogenic bacterium isolate could cause the mice to die.The drug sensitivity tests showed all isolates were sensitive to spectinomycin, azithromycin, amikacin, gentamicin and neomycin.It was effective to treat with dexamethasone and spectinomycin.Pathogen analysis and drug treatment showed that the BRDC was caused by Mycoplasma bovis and Serratia marcescens.  相似文献