烫漂时间对香椿嫩芽颜色及挥发性风味成分的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨慧  王赵改  史冠莹  王晓敏  张乐  赵守涣 《核农学报》2017,31(7)

为了研究香椿嫩芽烫漂过程中颜色热降解规律及挥发性风味成分的变化,分别采用分光光度法和光电反射光度法对香椿嫩芽叶绿素含量和色差进行测定,同时利用顶空固相微萃取及GC-MS联用技术对不同烫漂时间下香椿嫩芽的挥发性成分进行鉴定,并对各种处理后的风味物质进行主成分分析。结果表明,香椿嫩芽叶绿素降解和绿色损失均属于一级动力学反应,且叶绿素的减少与绿色损失相关性较好,呈极显著水平。烫漂后香椿嫩芽挥发性成分种类增多,含硫类等呈刺激性气味的化合物相对含量减少,烯类等呈柔和气味增加,提升了香椿的香味品质。综合颜色及挥发性成分随烫漂时间的变化规律,确定最佳烫漂时间为30s。主成分分析结果显示,第1、第2和第3主成分累积贡献率达98.742%,能够较好的代表原始数据所反应的信息。第1主成分包含噻吩类、烯类、醇类和醛类,贡献率大小为噻吩类烯类醇类醛类;第2主成分包含酮类和其它类,贡献率大小为酮类其它类;第3主成分为烃类。本研究结果为香椿嫩芽精深加工过程中颜色和风味的控制提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

果实膨大剂对陕西省猕猴桃产业负效应的调查分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

刘兴华  郭井泉  罗安伟  张乐 《保鲜与加工》2004,4(1):30-32

使用膨大剂处理猕猴桃幼果,能使果实体积显著增大而增产.但同时造成果实外观畸变不雅、风味变酸、果肉绿色减褪、硬度下降易软化、抗病性降低易腐烂、果实不耐贮藏、削弱树势造成大小年、潜伏食品质量安全问题等负效应,滥用膨大剂已对陕西省猕猴桃产业带来灾难性后果.  相似文献   

基于高光谱与集成学习的单粒玉米种子水分检测模型     

吴静珠  张乐  李江波  刘翠玲  孙晓荣  余乐 《农业机械学报》2022,53(5):302-308

为建立单粒玉米种子水分含量的高精度检测模型,制备了80份不同水分含量的玉米种子样本。针对玉米种胚朝上和种胚朝下分别进行高光谱反射图像采集,每份样本取样100粒,波长范围为968.05～2 575.05 nm。采用PCA快速提取单粒种子光谱,经多元散射校正预处理后,分别采用随机森林(RF)和AdaBoost算法建立单粒种子水分检测模型,并集成两种算法特征提出基于加权策略的改进RF用于单粒种子水分含量建模。利用单粒玉米种子胚朝上的光谱信息建立的改进RF模型训练集相关系数R为0.969,训练集均方根误差(RMSEC)为0.094%,测试集R为0.881,测试集均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.404%;利用单粒玉米种子胚朝下的光谱信息建立的改进RF模型训练集R为0.966,RMSEC为0.100%,测试集R为0.793,RMSEP为0.544%。实验结果表明：改进RF的泛化能力和预测精度明显优于RF和AdaBoost算法;种胚朝上的单粒玉米种子水分含量检测模型优于种胚朝下的模型。高光谱检测技术结合集成学习算法建立的玉米种子水分检测模型预测精度高,稳健性好。  相似文献   

Combined use of optical and radar satellite data for the detection of tillage and irrigation operations: Case study in Central Morocco     

R. Hadria  B. Duchemin  T. Le Toan  G. Dedieu 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(7):1120-1127

The objective of this study is to present a new application of optical and radar remote sensing with high spatial (∼10 m) and temporal (a few days) resolutions for the detection of tillage and irrigation operations. The analysis was performed for irrigated wheat crops in the semi-arid Tensift/Marrakech plain (Central Morocco) using three FORMOSAT-2 images and two ASAR images acquired within one week at the beginning of the 2005/2006 agricultural season.The approach we developed uses simple mapping algorithms (band thresholding and decision tree) for the characterisation of soil surface states. The first images acquired by FORMOSAT and ASAR were processed to classify fields into three main categories: ploughed (in depth), prepared to be sown (harrowed), and not ploughed-not harrowed. This information was combined with a change detection analysis based on multitemporal images to identify harrowing and irrigation operations which occurred between two satellite observations.The performance of the algorithm was evaluated using data related to land use and agricultural practices collected on 124 fields. The analysis shows that drastic changes of surface states caused by ploughing or irrigation are detected without ambiguity (consistency index of 96%). This study provided evidence that optical and radar data contain complementary information for the detection of agricultural operations at the beginning of agricultural season. This information could be useful in regional decision support systems to refine crop calendars and to improve prediction of crop water needs over large areas.  相似文献   

水轮机组振动故障诊断和试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

敏政  王异凡  王乐  邵翔宇 《中国农村水利水电》2009,(10):140-142

振动故障严重影响水轮机组的正常运行和发电效益,要清除振动故障,必须认清振动的原因,找准振源。从机械、水力、电气等三个方面分析了引起水轮机组振动的主要原因及特征。介绍了转速、励磁和负荷试验在水轮机振动故障诊断中的应用,通过分析某电站现场振动试验中各部位振动及水压脉动的幅值随机组运行工况变化的规律,找出了引起该机组振动的原因和处理方法,具体说明了试验法在水轮机组振动故障诊断和处理中的应用。  相似文献   

基于ELES模型的农民灌溉水价支付能力水平界定     

陈丹  陈菁  胡乐  陈运怀 《节水灌溉》2009,(7)

从支付能力的角度定量研究农民对灌溉水价的承受能力,采用扩展线性支出系统(ELES)模型,通过实例计算分析了农户总体收支及水费支出、农民基本消费需求支出和支付能力水平的界定标准等,并分析了支付能力的主要影响因素.结果表明:研究区域内农民年人均纯收入774元和1 300元是支付能力水平的分界线,无支付能力、有一定支付能力和有支付能力的农户分别占6.1%、9.7%和84.2%;支付能力较低的农户均以农业生产为主要收入来源;不同支付能力组之间农民年人均水费支出与平均水费支出均无显著差异;耕地面积、农业收入和非农业收入对农民支付能力具有显著的影响.  相似文献   

基于层次分析法的节水型社会评价研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐海洋  杜明侠  张大鹏  潘乐  姚宛艳  韩栋 《节水灌溉》2009,(7)

以郑州市为例,根据实际情况,建立了节水型社会定量评价指标体系,采用层次分析方法对建立的评价指标体系做了评价,计算得出,2010年将初步建立节水型社会,2020年将全面建成与小康社会相适应的节水型社会.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary highly unsaturated fatty acids and astaxanthin on the fecundity and lipid content of pond-reared Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) broodstock     

Jian-Hua Huang  Shi-Gui Jiang  Hei-Zhao Lin  Fa-Lin Zhou  & Le Ye 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(3):240-251

Five diets that contained fresh squid meat as the basic constituent and were supplemented with different amounts of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) and astaxanthin were fed to pond‐reared Penaeus monodon broodstock. Diet A was sole squid meat. Diets B and C were supplemented with astaxanthin 50 and 100 mg kg^?1 respectively. Diets D and E were supplemented with HUFA 5 and 10 g kg^?1 and astaxanthin 50 mg kg^?1 respectively. The result showed that the group fed diet E had the best reproductive performance in all experimental groups. It had a higher proportion of spawns (71.5%), spawning rate (0.047), a shorter latency period (7.7±0.3 d), higher absolute fecundity (× 10³) (361.6±5.5) and egg production/female (× 10³) (597.0±18.0) than all the other experimental groups. The fatty acid composition in broodstock diets strongly affected the tissue and fecundity of broodstock. Good correlations between the content of 20:4n‐6 in eggs and the fecundity (r²=0.6109) and egg production (r²=0.9876) of broodstock were found. On the other hand, 22:6n‐3 and DHA/EPA ratio was negatively correlated with the fecundity of broodstock (r²=0.5362, 0.8702 respectively). The result also showed that the balance between n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acid families, total polyunsaturated fatty acids and total saturated fatty acid and 20:5n‐3 (EPA) and 22:6n‐3 (DHA) may play vital roles in maturation and reproductive performance of P. monodon broodstock.  相似文献   

萝卜新品种热杂60的选育     

朱美容  张元才  乐正碧  黎华  徐茜  陈贵林 《长江蔬菜》2000,(10):41-43

萝卜新品种热杂６０以萝卜雄性不育系１２２５Ａ为母本,６０早９０－８－８－３－１３自交系为父本配制而成,肉质根近圆形,皮肉白色,生食脆嫩,煮食化渣味甜,具有耐热、早熟、抗病毒病、不易糠心等特点,一般６６７ｍ＾２产２５００ｋｇ左右,最高可达６０００ｋｇ以上。  相似文献   

汉中市小麦条锈病流行的影响因子及预测模型     

张吉昌  王清文  黎钊  李乐  张勇  王保通  王晖  杨建军 《麦类作物学报》2017,(12):1640-1644

为掌握汉中市小麦条锈病流行规律,提高病害测报的科学性和准确性,采用DPS数据处理系统,对多年来汉中市小麦条锈病测报资料进行了主导因素分析,筛选出影响发病程度的主要因子包括小麦感病品种种植比例(x1)、秋苗病田率(x2)、秋苗单位面积平均病叶数(x3)、1月份平均气温(x6)、上年11月份降雨量(x11)、早春病田率(x18)、3月中旬病田率(x19),与发生程度(y)进行逐步回归分析,建立了发病程度预测模型:y=-6.354 7+0.084 0x1+0.022 8x3+0.662 8x6+0.020 9x11,R2=0.968 7。拟合预测符合率为92.31%,相对误差8.96%。利用预测模型对2014-2016年汉中市小麦条锈病进行预测,预测的病级分别为2.93、3.21、1.92,与2014、2015、2016年发生的实际病级3、3、2相吻合。此模型可应用于生产中小麦条锈病的测报。  相似文献