Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia in a dog     

EA COURT  ADJ WATSON  P MARTIN 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(1):25-27

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Pharmacokinetics of a long-acting chloramphenicol formulation administered by intramuscular and subcutaneous routes in cattle     

P. SANDERS  P. GUILLOT  D. MOUROT 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1988,11(2):183-190

The pharmacokinetic properties of a long-acting formulation of chloramphenicol were determined in six yearling cattle after a single intravenous (i.v.) administration (40 mg/kg body weight) and after two sequential subcutaneous (s.c.) or intramuscular (i.m.) administrations (90 mg/kg/48 h). The two extravascular routes were studied during a crossover trial for a bioequivalence test. After i.v. administration, the plasma concentration-time graph was characteristic of a two-compartment open model. Mean values were a half-life of 4.1 h, a volume of distribution of 0.86 l/kg and a body clearance of 0.128 l/kg/h. Plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol following i.m. and s.c. administrations increased slowly to a broad peak at 10-15 micrograms/ml between 9 and 12 h. Bioavailability was 19.1% after i.m. injection and 12.4% after s.c. administration. The extent of absorption from the two routes did not differ significantly. The rate of absorption was significantly lower after s.c. application than it was after i.m. injection. The time necessary for the plasma concentration to exceed 5 micrograms/ml was the same for the two routes. Thus, i.m. and s.c. routes are bioequivalent.  相似文献   

Comparative pharmacokinetics of gentamicin, neomycin and oxytetracycline in newborn calves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. E. BURROWS  P. B. BARTO†  B. MARTIN 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1987,10(1):54-63

The pharmacokinetics of three antibiotics--gentamicin, neomycin and oxytetracycline were determined in newborn calves. The kinetic determinations, using two-compartment open models, were made at increasing ages from 1 day to 42 days and compared with those made from older calves (250+ days). Although all three antibiotics are eliminated unchanged primarily by glomerular filtration, there were marked differences in the development of elimination processes for individual drugs. The pharmacokinetics of neomycin were not influenced by age. Although the elimination half-life of gentamicin appeared to decrease with age, the changes were not significant and were due to an increased elimination rate in only one calf. There was no change with age in the remaining three calves. Oxytetracycline elimination was significantly reduced in newborn calves. This was exemplified by a decrease in the half-life of elimination t1/2 (beta) from 672.5 +/- 99.4 in the newborn to 385.6 +/- 76.8 at 6 weeks of age, and 377.3 +/- 40.8 min in the 250-day-old calf. These changes were consistent in all four calves. The rate of elimination remained low for the first 4 weeks of life. The volume of distribution Vd, area was not changed after the first week of life. Based on pharmacokinetic changes, an adjustment of dosage is indicated for oxytetracycline in the newborn calf as compared to the older calf or adult.  相似文献   

Improvement of carpet grass (Axonopus affinis Chase) pasture by fertilization and oversowing with the aid of selective herbicides     

R. J. MARTIN 《Weed Research》1983,23(2):77-83

An experiment was done to determine the effect of spring and autumn application of asulam and dalapon, nitrogen fertilizer and oversown white clover (Trifolium repens L.) on the productivity of subtropical pasture dominated by carpet grass (Axonopus affinis Chase). Assessments were made of pasture yield, botanical composition, weed invasion and recolonization by pasture species during the 12-month period following herbicide application. Both herbicides decreased the yield of carpet grass and increased that of the more productive paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) except after autumn application when the yield of paspalum was greatly reduced by dalapon. White clover became established only on plots treated with herbicide and only after autumn application. Clover yields were greatest on plots treated with dalapon. Asulam was considered to be the most suitable herbicide for altering the balance between carpet grass and paspalum because dalapon initially reduced paspalum yield after autumn application and delayed recovery of total pasture. In addition, dalapon permitted greater invasion by broadleaf weeds. This work showed that herbicides have a potential role for speeding up botanical changes in unproductive carpet grass pasture and further refinement of the technique might provide a useful tool for increasing pasture productivity.  相似文献   

Serological and bacteriological survey of three horse studs for contagious equine metritis     

M. DOLAN  C. CARGILL  F. MARTIN  P. DAVENPORT  D. FRANKS†  J. LIGHTFOOT† 《Australian veterinary journal》1984,61(1):17-19

A bacteriological and serological survey for evidence of contagious equine metritis (CEM) was made during the 1980 breeding season on 3 horse studs in South Australia with a history of previous infection. Swabs from the clitoral sinus and the cervix were cultured for Haemophilus equigenitalis and serum was screened for antibody using the complement fixation test (CFT) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The specificity of both tests was greater than 0.99 but the ELISA was more sensitive in detecting antibody in infected mares. On the evidence presented it was concluded that H. equigenitalis is no longer present in the horse studs investigated.  相似文献   

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS OF EQUINE SOLAR PENETRATION WOUNDS     

CAROLINA I. URRACA DEL JUNCO  TIM S. MAIR  SARAH E. POWELL  PETER I. MILNER  ALEX F. FONT  TOBIAS SCHWARZ  MARTIN P. WEAVER 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2012,53(1):71-75

The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features, signalment, clinical history and outcome of 55 horses with a penetrating sole injury were evaluated. Our aim was to describe MR imaging findings within the hoof capsule, assess the utility of the technique and give recommendations for the optimal MR imaging protocol to evaluate such injuries. Data from five equine hospitals were analyzed retrospectively. The tract was more likely to be visualized in animals scanned within the first week postinjury. There was no significant predisposition based on breed, age, or gender. T2*W transverse sequences were the most useful for assessment of solar penetrations due to their orientation perpendicular to the deep digital flexor tendon, the reduced scanning time, and the T2* capability of enhancing magnetic susceptibility caused by hemorrhage.  相似文献   

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FEATURES OF EMPTY SELLA IN DOGS     

MARTIN KONAR  IWAN A. BURGENER  JOHANN LANG 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2008,49(4):339-342

In humans, the empty sella is defined as herniation of the subarachnoidal space into the sella turcica with invisible (total empty sella) or reduced (partial empty sella) hypophyseal size. An empty sella can be associated with endocrine disturbances. The purpose of this study was to determine if the empty sella exists in dogs or cats and whether it is associated with endocrinopathy or hydrocephalus. Archived magnetic resonance images of the head of 370 dogs and 77 cats were re-evaluated specifically for the presence or absence of the pituitary gland. Hypophyseal tissue filling more than 50% of the sella was considered normal, between 30% and 50% was defined as partial empty sella and less than 30% was defined as total empty sella. In patients with an empty sella, and in all other imaged dogs of the affected breeds, the ventricle to brain ratio was measured. In patients with an empty sella, the medical record was searched for evidence of endocrinopathy. No cat had an empty sella but 11 dogs (3%) had a small or missing hypophysis. Seven of these dogs had a ventricle to brain ratio greater than 15%. Only small dogs (mean weight of 6.7 kg) were affected. One dog with an empty sella had signs of central hyperadrenocorticism while the other 10 had no sign of endocrinopathy. We conclude that the empty sella exists in dogs but is not generally associated with endocrinopathy.  相似文献   

Equine piroplasmosis: the temporary importation of seropositive horses into Australia     

R. MARTIN 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(5):308-309

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Reply     

RG MARTIN 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(11):727-727

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Enantiomeric disposition of ketorolac in goats following administration of a single intravenous and oral dose     

R. NAGILLA  D. D. DESHMUKH  K. J. COPEDGE  S. MILLER  B. MARTIN  E. C. BELL  S. H. DURAN  & W. R. RAVIS 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2009,32(1):49-55

The purpose of this study was to investigate the stereospecific pharmacokinetics of ketorolac (KT) in goats following a single 2 mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) dose and a single 6 mg/kg oral dose. A stereoselective high pressure liquid chromatography assay was used to quantify ketorolac plasma concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters for both stereoisomers were estimated by model independent methods. Following an i.v. dose, the plasma concentration profiles for the stereoisomers were similar with half-lives of 1.05 ± 0.62 h for R -KT and 1.05 ± 0.61 h for S -KT. Clearance values for R - and S -KT after an i.v. dose were 0.53 ± 0.23 and 0.54 ± 0.23 L·h/kg, respectively. Following an oral dose, the terminal half-lives were longer with values of 34.08 ± 11.81 and 33.97 ± 12.19 h for R -KT and S- KT, respectively. The average bioavailability was 133 ± 23% for R -KT and S -KT, respectively. The longer half-lives and high apparent bioavailability after oral dosing are suggestive of a slow absorption process in the gastrointestinal tract and recycling. The results indicate that interconversion of the stereoisomers of ketorolac is absent in goats. However, studies with individual isomers are needed before any conclusion can be drawn about the lack of bioinversion.  相似文献