BVD eradication: lessons from a pilot scheme     

Barrett D 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(3):71-72

  相似文献   

Government vets' involvement in veterinary education     

van Klink EG  Barrett D  Baillie S  Hodge A  Mckinstry J 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(8):212

  相似文献   

Induction and characterization of endotoxin tolerance in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro     

Frellstedt L  McKenzie HC  Barrett JG  Furr MO 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,149(1-2):97-102

Endotoxemia is responsible for severe illness in horses. Individuals can become clinically unresponsive to the endotoxin molecule after an initial exposure; a phenomenon referred to as 'endotoxin tolerance' (ET). ET has been observed clinically in horses in vivo; however, cytokine expression associated with ET has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a method for inducing ET in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro, and to describe selected cytokine responses which are associated with ET. ET was induced by culturing cells with three concentrations of endotoxin, and evaluated after a second dose of endotoxin given to challenge the cells. The relative mRNA expression of IL-10 and IL-12 was measured by use of quantitative PCR. ET was induced in all cells exposed to the 2-step endotoxin challenge. The relative mRNA expression of IL-10 in tolerized cells was not different from positive control cells. In contrast, the relative mRNA expression of IL-12 in tolerized cells was decreased by 15-fold after the second endotoxin challenge. This experiment demonstrated a reliable method for the ex vivo induction of ET in equine PBMC. A marked suppression of IL-12 production is associated with ET.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of Louping Ill virus (LIV) antibodies in sheep submitted for post mortem examination in the North West of Ireland in 2011     

Damien Barrett  Daniel M Collins  Guy McGrath  Colm ó Muireagain 《Irish veterinary journal》2012,65(1):20

Blood samples were collected opportunistically at routine post mortem examination from 199 sheep which came from 152 flocks. The location of each submitting flock was mapped. Sera were tested using a goose blood haemagglutination inhibition assay for louping ill virus. There was an animal level prevalence of 8.5%, and a flock level prevalence of 9.8%. The greatest proportion of seropositive animals was identified among the animals older than 24 months of age. The elevation of the land associated with positive flocks was greater than that of negative flocks. Lesions of non-suppurative meningoencephalitis were observed in three of the 199 animals.  相似文献   

The arthroscopic and ultrasonographic boundaries of the equine femorotibial joints     

Barrett MF  Frisbie DD  McIlwraith CW  Werpy NM 《Equine veterinary journal》2012,44(1):57-63

  相似文献   

Costly punishment across human societies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Henrich J  McElreath R  Barr A  Ensminger J  Barrett C  Bolyanatz A  Cardenas JC  Gurven M  Gwako E  Henrich N  Lesorogol C  Marlowe F  Tracer D  Ziker J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5781):1767-1770

Recent behavioral experiments aimed at understanding the evolutionary foundations of human cooperation have suggested that a willingness to engage in costly punishment, even in one-shot situations, may be part of human psychology and a key element in understanding our sociality. However, because most experiments have been confined to students in industrialized societies, generalizations of these insights to the species have necessarily been tentative. Here, experimental results from 15 diverse populations show that (i) all populations demonstrate some willingness to administer costly punishment as unequal behavior increases, (ii) the magnitude of this punishment varies substantially across populations, and (iii) costly punishment positively covaries with altruistic behavior across populations. These findings are consistent with models of the gene-culture coevolution of human altruism and further sharpen what any theory of human cooperation needs to explain.  相似文献   

Characterization of the temperature activation of pectin methylesterase in green beans and tomatoes     

Anthon GE  Barrett DM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(1):204-211

Low-temperature blanching of vegetables activates the enzyme pectin methylesterase (PME), which demethylates cell wall pectins and improves tissue firmness. This temperature activation of PME has been investigated by measuring the formation of methanol in intact tissue of green beans and tomatoes. Rates of methanol formation at temperatures of 35-65 degrees C were obtained by measuring the release of methanol from thin slices of tomato pericarp or green bean pod material. Activation energies of 112 and 97 kJ mol(-1) were calculated for PME activity in green beans and tomatoes, respectively. These activation energies indicate that the rate of pectin demethylation at 65 degrees C will be nearly 100 times that at 25 degrees C. PME activity was also determined titrimetrically using a solubilized form of the enzyme and purified pectin at temperatures from 30 to 60 degrees C. Under these conditions, much lower activation energies of 37 and 35 kJ mol(-1) were obtained for green beans and tomatoes, respectively. Methanol accumulation during heating of whole intact green beans was also determined and yielded an activation energy similar to that obtained with sliced beans. Whole green beans held at room temperature did not accumulate any methanol, but sliced or homogenized beans did. If whole beans were first heated to 45 degrees C and then cooled, methanol accumulation was observed at room temperature. These results indicate that two factors contribute to the observed high rate of pectin de-esterification during low-temperature blanching: (1) An irreversible change, causing PME to become active, occurs by heating to > or = 45 degrees C. (2) The high activation energy for pectin de-esterification means that the rate of de-esterification increases substantially with increasing temperature.  相似文献   

Thermal inactivation of pectin methylesterase,polygalacturonase, and peroxidase in tomato juice   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Anthon GE  Sekine Y  Watanabe N  Barrett DM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(21):6153-6159

Thermal inactivation kinetics have been determined for pectin methylesterase (PME), polygalacturonase (PG), and peroxidase (POD) in tomato juice. Two parameters, the inactivation rate constant (k) at a reference temperature and the activation energy for inactivation (E(a)), were determined for each enzyme. For PME and PG, the k and E(a) values reported here do not agree with those in several previously published reports. These differences can be explained either by the differences in pH values used for inactivation determinations or by inadequacies in the heating methods used in some previous studies. POD showed simple first-order inactivation kinetics and was less thermally stable than either PME or PG. When different cultivars of tomatoes were evaluated, there was no difference in the thermal inactivation kinetics of these enzymes.  相似文献   

Purification and partial characterization of broccoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Italica) peroxidases     

Thongsook T  Barrett DM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(8):3206-3214

Three peroxidase (POD) isoenzymes were purified from a soluble extract of broccoli stems. The acidic and neutral PODs were purified to homogeneity by using ion exchange and hydrophobic chromatography. The basic POD was purified by cation exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The neutral and basic PODs had molecular masses of approximately 43 kDa, and the acidic POD had a molecular mass of 48 kDa by SDS-PAGE. pI was approximately 4, 5, and 8 for acidic, neutral, and basic PODs, respectively. Optimum activity using guaiacol as the H donor was obtained at pH approximately 6 for both neutral and basic PODs and at pH approximately 4 for acidic POD. All three of the purified isoenzymes are glycosylated. Reaction rates with various substrates including guaiacol, guaiacol/MBTH, DMAB/MBTH, and ferulic acid/MBTH were different among the isoenzymes. K(m) and amino acid composition were also determined.  相似文献   

Spokane 2012 Winter Dance Lessons from the Past—Strategies for the Future 65th Annual SRM Meeting     

Hugh Barrett 《Herpetological Monographs》2011,33(1):41-42

  相似文献