Changes in the genetic structure of Bacteria and microbial activity in an agricultural soil amended with tannery sludge     

André S. Nakatani  Marco A. Nogueira  Admilton G. Oliveira  José P. Sousa 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(1):106-114

The application of tannery sludge to soils is a form of recycling; however, few studies have examined the impacts of this practice on soil microbial properties. We studied effects of two applications (2006 and 2007) of tannery sludge (with a low chromium content) on the structure of the bacterial community and on the microbial activity of soils. We fertilized an agricultural area in Rolândia, Paraná state, Brazil with different doses of sludge based on total N content, which ranged from 0 to 1200 kg N ha⁻¹. Sludge remained on the soil surface for three months before being plowed. Soils were sampled seven times during the experiment. Bacterial community structure, assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), was modified by the application of tannery sludge. Soon after the first application, there was clear separation between the bacterial communities in different treatments, such that each dose of sludge was associated with a specific community. These differences remained until 300 days after application and also after the second sludge application, but 666 days after the beginning of the experiment no differences were found in the bacterial communities of the lowest doses and the control. The principal response curve (PRC) analysis showed that the first sludge application strongly stimulated biological activity even 300 days after application. The second application also stimulated activity, but at a lower magnitude and for a shorter time, given that 260 days after the second application there was no difference in biological activity among treatments. PRC also showed that the properties most influenced by the application of tannery sludge were enzymatic activities related to N cycling (asparaginase and urease). The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that tannery sludge’s influence on microbial activity is mainly related to increases in inorganic N and soil pH. Results showed that changes in the structure of the bacterial community in the studied soils were directly related to changes of their biological activity.  相似文献   

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION USING A COMPOSITE COLLAGENOUS PROSTHESIS: A BIOMECHANICAL AND HISTOLOGIC STUDY IN RABBITS     

Dunn MG  Tria AJ  Kato YP  Bechler JR  Ochner RS  Zawadsky JP  Silver FH 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(1):56-56

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Frequency of urinary tract infection among dogs with pruritic disorders receiving long-term glucocorticoid treatment     

Torres SM  Diaz SF  Nogueira SA  Jessen C  Polzin DJ  Gilbert SM  Horne KL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,227(2):239-243

OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI) among dogs with pruritic disorders that were or were not receiving long-term glucocorticoid treatment. DESIGN: Observational study. ANIMALS: 127 dogs receiving glucocorticoids for > 6 months and 94 dogs not receiving glucocorticoids. PROCEDURE: Bacterial culture of urine samples was performed in dogs receiving long-term glucocorticoid treatment, and information was collected on drug administered, dosage, frequency of administration, duration of glucocorticoid treatment, and clinical signs of UTI. For dogs not receiving glucocorticoids, a single urine sample was submitted for bacterial culture. RESULTS: Multiple (2 to 6) urine samples were submitted for 70 of the 127 (55%) dogs receiving glucocorticoids; thus, 240 urine samples were analyzed. For 23 of the 127 (18.1%) dogs, results of bacterial culture were positive at least once, but none of the dogs had clinical signs of UTI. Pyuria and bacteriuria (present vs absent) were found to correctly predict results of bacterial culture for 89.9% and 95.8% of the samples, respectively. Type of glycocorticoid, dosage, frequency of administration, and duration of treatment were not associated with frequency of UTI. None of the urine samples from dogs not receiving glucocorticoids yielded bacterial growth. The frequency of UTI was significantly higher for dogs treated with glucocorticoids than for dogs that had not received glucocorticoids. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that dogs receiving long-term glucocorticoid treatment have an increased risk of developing a UTI. On this basis, we recommend that urine samples be submitted for bacterial culture at least yearly for such dogs.  相似文献   

HPLC separation and determination of 12 cholesterol oxidation products in fish: comparative study of RI, UV, and APCI-MS detectors     

Saldanha T  Sawaya AC  Eberlin MN  Bragagnolo N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(12):4107-4113

A simple, fast, and sensitive method for the extraction through direct saponification, separation, quantification, and identification of 12 cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) and cholesterol in a single isocratic, normal-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed. Three detectors were compared for determination of COPs and cholesterol in fish samples: refractive index (RI), ultraviolet (UV), and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). The results did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) between the concentration of the cholesterol oxides and cholesterol obtained with these detectors. The present study demonstrated the presence of 19-hydroxycholesterol, 22"R"-hydroxycholesterol, 22"S"-hydroxycholesterol, 24"S"-hydroxycholesterol, and 25"R"-hydroxycholesterol for the first time in fish samples.  相似文献   

Effect of organic acids and mannanoligosaccharide on excretion of Salmonella typhimurium in experimentally infected growing pigs     

Calveyra JC  Nogueira MG  Kich JD  Biesus LL  Vizzotto R  Berno L  Coldebella A  Lopes L  Morés N  Lima GJ  Cardoso M 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):46-47

The effect of organic acids and mannanoligosaccharide addition to the diet was assessed in pigs orally inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium. Forty-six growers were distributed among four treatments: Basal Diet (BD); BD+encapsulated organic acids; BD+free organic acids; BD+mannanoligosaccharide. Seroconversion was monitored, and feces and tissue samples were tested for Salmonella isolation. No treatment prevented the carrier state, but a tendency of lower fecal excretion was observed in the group treated with mannanoligosaccharide.  相似文献   

Cecotrophy behavior and use of urea as non-protein nitrogen (NPN) source for capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)     

Sérgio Luiz Gama Nogueira-Filho  Alcester Mendes  Ellis Fernanda Kowalski Tavares  Selene Siqueira da Cunha Nogueira 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(8):1703-1708

Fifteen female adult capybaras, with initial average body weight (BW) of 32.7 (±?5.8) kg, were kept in individual pens to evaluate effect of supplementation of concentrate feed and its supply time on cecotrophy behavior frequency. The animals were allocated in a completely randomized design, with five animals per treatment, receiving three diets: grass only, grass and grain corn offered in a single meal, and grass and grain corn offered in two daily meals; all cecotrophy acts were recorded. Later, in a second experiment, five capybaras received five levels of urea in their diet: 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g urea/100 kg BW, replacing soybean meal as true protein source, in a 5?×?5 Latin square design. The animals were weighed and their blood was collected every 2 weeks. The frequency of cecotrophy (Ps?<?0.05) was higher when the capybaras were fed grass only (0.5?±?0.07 acts/h) than when they received grass and corn in a single meal (0.3?±?0.05 acts/h) and grass and corn supplied in separate meals (0.1?±?0.03 acts/h). With increased urea in their diet, the capybaras showed initial signs of chronic intoxication, together with increments in serum urea (r?=?0.87, P?<?0.05) and a decreasing trend in daily weight gain (r?=??0.38, P?=?0.06). Therefore, when including concentrate feeds in capybara diet, these must be mixed with roughage in a single meal to avoid high decrease in the frequency of cecotrophy behavior and increase in dry matter intake. The replacement of soybean meal with urea in capybara diet is not recommended.  相似文献   

Ovarian Tumor in a Mare—Thecoma—Case Report     

Nereu Carlos Prestes  Carolina Nogueira de Moraes  Leandro Maia  Isabelle Rayanne Sousa de Oliveira  Viciany Erique Fabris  Marco Antonio Alvarenga 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

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Nasal infection with Scedosporium apiospermum in a dog     

MG Coleman  MC Robson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1):81-83

CASE HISTORY: A 2-year-old female Siberian Husky was presented with a 6-month history of sneezing and mucous discharge from the right nostril.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Reduced airflow through the right nostril was evident. Radiographs showed subtle loss of detail of turbinates within the right nasal chamber. Rhinoscopy revealed swollen and erythematous turbinates and a white mass within the caudal aspect of the right nasal cavity. Histopathologically, there was a heavy mixed inflammatory infiltrate in the submus- cosa of the right turbinate, and the presence of fungal hyphae and spores in the white mass. A heavy growth of Scedosporium apiospermum was cultured from the mass.

DIAGNOSIS: Chronic rhinitis of the right nasal cavity and infection with S. apiospermum.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first reported case of S. apiospermum isolated from the nasal cavity of a dog in New Zealand. Fungal culture is necessary to differentiate this fungus from Aspergillus spp.  相似文献   

Pancreatic cyst in a cat     

MG Coleman  MC Robson  C Harvey 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(2):157-159

CASE HISTORY: A 5-year-old neutered male Cornish Rex cat was presented for evaluation with a history of vomiting over the previous 5 days.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: An abdominal mass was palpated, which was shown to be cystic by ultrasound examination. Exploratory surgery revealed this to be associated with the pancreas and it was duly resected. Histopathology was performed on the cystic mass.

DIAGNOSIS: Pancreatic cyst with associated chronic active infl ammation.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first report of a true pancreatic cyst in a cat.  相似文献   

Pathogenesis of reproductive failure induced by Trypanosoma vivax in experimentally infected pregnant ewes     

Taciana MF Silva  Roberio G Olinda  Carla MF Rodrigues  Ant?nio CL Camara  Francisco C Lopes  Wesley AC Coelho  Múcio FB Ribeiro  Carlos IA Freitas  Marta MG Teixeira  Jael S Batista 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):1

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of experimental infection by Trypanosoma vivax in different stages of pregnancy, determining the pathogenesis of reproductive failure, and confirming transplacental transmission. We used 12 pregnant ewes distributed into four experimental groups: G1, was formed by three ewes infected with T. vivax in the first third of pregnancy (30 days); G2 comprised three infected ewes in the final third of pregnancy (100 days); G3 and G4 were composed of three non-infected ewes with the same gestational period, respectively. Each ewe of G1 and G2 was inoculated with 1.25 × 10⁵ tripomastigotes. Clinical examination, determination of parasitemia, serum biochemistry (albumin, total protein, glucose, cholesterol, and urea), packed cell volume (PCV), serum progesterone, and pathological examination were performed. Placenta, amniotic fluid, blood and tissues from the fetuses and stillbirths were submitted to PCR. Two ewes of G1 (Ewe 1 and 3) presented severe infection and died in the 34^th and 35^th days post-infection (dpi), respectively; but both fetuses were recovered during necropsy. In G2, Ewe 5 aborted two fetuses on the 130^th day (30 dpi) of pregnancy; and Ewe 6 aborted one fetus in the 140^th day (40 dpi) of gestation. Ewes 2 and 4 delivered two weak lambs that died five days after birth. Factors possibly involved with the reproductive failure included high parasitemia, fever, low PCV, body score, serum glucose, total protein, cholesterol, and progesterone. Hepatitis, pericarditis, and encephalitis were observed in the aborted fetuses. The presence of T. vivax DNA in the placenta, amniotic fluid, blood, and tissues from the fetuses confirms the transplacental transmission of the parasite. Histological lesion in the fetuses and placenta also suggest the involvement of the parasite in the etiopathogenesis of reproductive failure in ewes.  相似文献