Different levels of selenomethionine on the meat quality and selenium deposition in tissue of finishing pigs     

Vanessa Avelar Silva  Antnio Gilberto Bertechini  Alisson Hlio Sampaio Clemente  Luis Filipe Villas Boas de Freitas  Bernardo Rocha Franco Nogueira  Barbara Lopes de Oliveira  Alcinia de Lemos Souza Ramos 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(6):1866-1874

The aim of the study was to verify the influence of selenomethionine (SM) supplementation on performance, carcass yield, characteristics of meat quality and Se tissue deposition of finishing pigs. A total of 128 hybrid pigs with an average weight of 76 kg were distributed in randomized blocks according to body weight in eight treatments and eight replicates. The experimental treatments were two Se levels from sodium selenite‐SS (0.3 and 0.6 ppm), four Se levels from SM (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 ppm) and two combinations of SS with SM (SS 0.15 + SM 0.15 ppm and SS 0.3 + SM 0.3 ppm) providing 0.3 and 0.6 ppm Se in the diet respectively. The feeds were based on corn and soya bean meal. After 30 days on test, were analysed the performance indices and the pigs were slaughtered at commercial slaughterhouse. The cold carcass yield, the physicochemical characteristics of the loin meat and the Se content in muscle and liver were evaluated. There was no significant difference in performance indices (p > .05); however, there was a linear effect on the increase in pig carcass yield by increasing SM (p < .05). The use of SM solely or combined with SS provided higher Se deposition in muscle compared to SS (p < .05). The highest Se deposition in muscle occurred for SM at 0.4 ppm (p < .05). The SS provided higher Se deposition in liver (p < .05). The SM presented best results for meat quality compared to other sources (p < .05). The level of 0.4 ppm Se promoted the best results for the indices of yellow, luminosity, cooking loss and pH (p < .05). The use of SM at any level promotes higher oxidation stability of pig meat (p < .05). The supplementation of SM at a level of 0.4 ppm promotes better physicochemical characteristics and higher Se deposition on swine meat.  相似文献   

Recent advances in allelopathy for weed control: from knowledge to applications     

Francisco A Macías  Francisco JR Mejías  Jos MG Molinillo 《Pest management science》2019,75(9):2413-2436

Allelopathy is the biological phenomenon of chemical interactions between living organisms in the ecosystem, and must be taken into account in addressing pest and weed problems in future sustainable agriculture. Allelopathy is a multidisciplinary science, but in some cases, aspects of its chemistry are overlooked, despite the need for a deep knowledge of the chemical structural characteristics of allelochemicals to facilitate the design of new herbicides. This review is focused on the most important advances in allelopathy, paying particular attention to the design and development of phenolic compounds, terpenoids and alkaloids as herbicides. The isolation of allelochemicals is mainly addressed, but other aspects such as the analysis and activities of derivatives or analogs are also covered. Furthermore, the use of allelopathy in the fight against parasitic plants is included. The past 12 years have been a prolific period for publications on allelopathy. This critical review discusses future research areas in this field and the state of the art is analyzed from the chemist's perspective. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Novel combination of a biosurfactant with entomopathogenic fungi enhances efficacy against Bemisia whitefly     

Jaqueline do Nascimento Silva  Gabriel M Mascarin  Rui de Paula Vieira de Castro  Leda R Castilho  Denise MG Freire 《Pest management science》2019,75(11):2882-2891

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The impact of body site, topical melatonin and brushing on hair regrowth after clipping normal Siberian Husky dogs     

Diaz SF  Torres SM  Nogueira SA  Gilbert S  Jessen CR 《Veterinary dermatology》2006,17(1):45-50

The aims of this study were to determine the impact of body site, vigorous brushing and topical melatonin treatment on hair regrowth after clipping normal dogs. Siberian Husky dogs were randomly assigned to three groups of eight dogs each. All dogs had the lumbosacral region and both lateral thighs clipped. The left thigh and lumbosacral area received no treatment and were compared in all 24 dogs. Eight dogs had the right thigh treated with 0.1% melatonin twice daily for 2 months, and hair regrowth was compared with the left thigh. Eight dogs had the right thigh brushed twice daily for 2 months, and hair regrowth was compared with the left thigh. Eight dogs had neither thigh treated. Hairs were plucked before and 2 months postclipping, and the proportion of hair growth from the original length was calculated and compared as described above. Biopsy samples were collected before and after treatment to determine if brushing induced dermal inflammation and melatonin increased the proportion of anagen follicles. Proportionally, left thigh hairs were significantly longer compared to lumbosacral hairs 2 months postclipping. No significant differences in hair regrowth were noted between the nontreated thigh and the thigh treated with melatonin or brushed. No significant difference in dermal inflammation was noted before and after brushing. No significant differences were observed in the proportion of anagen follicles before and after topical melatonin treatment. Our results showed that the hairs in the lumbosacral region were proportionally shorter than lateral thigh hairs 2 months postclipping. Moreover, topical melatonin and brushing had no impact on hair regrowth after clipping normal dogs.  相似文献   

Blood Supply in the Tongue of Nellore Bos indicus (Linnaeus, 1758)     

J. R. Ferreira  D. J. Nogueira    B. F. Rodrigues    B. F. Alvarenga 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2009,38(2):103-107

Aspects of the vascularization of the tongue of Nellore Bos indicus ( Linnaeus, 1758) were evaluated through the vascular injection technique (with latex-type Neoprene 450, Du Pont do Brasil S.A. and Sulvinil coloring, Glassurit), fixed in formaldehyde at 7% and dissected with magnifying glass. The material was collected at Goiás Carnes Freezer Warehouse in Goiania, Goias. It was found that the deep lingual artery penetrated the lower lateral region of the prominence of the dorsal area of the tongue, advancing rostrally between the hyoid bone and the hypoglossal muscle. In the intravisceral initial third, the artery represents the deep, sinuous continuation branch of the lingual artery, in which path the sublingual artery was stressed in the ventral plan. Then, the artery deepened in the interior of the hypoglossal muscles and genioglossal, supplying dorsal branches (from three to nine) for the lingual torus; from one to five dorsal collateral branches for the lingual cavity; and one or two ventral collateral branches. At the lingual apex, the artery undergoes bifurcation supplying collateral, dorsal and ventral branches with anastomoses between the parallel vessels in the same antimere and between branches of lower caliber hierarchy between opposite antemeres. The large presence of microvessels indicates a significant blood supply to the organ. These results, in comparison with those found in literature, suggest a peculiar vascular pattern for this cattle breed of Indian origin.  相似文献   

Myelopathy in Holstein x Gir calves in Brazil     

Borges AS  Mendes LC  Luvizotto MC  Summers B  de Lahunta A 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(5):730-731

This case report contains clinical and pathologic features of a degenerative myelopathy in Holstein X Gir crossbred calves in Brazil. The bilateral and symmetrical spinal cord white matter lesions were interpreted as a primary axonopathy that may be of the dying-back type.  相似文献   

Influence of the Freezing Technique (Nitrogen Liquid vs Ultrafreezer of −152°C) and Male-to-Male Variation Over the Semen Quality in Canarian Mastiff Breed Dogs     

M Batista  D Alamo  F González  MG Cruz  A Gracia 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(5):423-428

This study was carried out to assess the in vitro quality of canine semen frozen in an ultrafreezer at -152 degrees C and to evaluate the male-to-male variation of frozen semen in five male dogs of the Canarian Mastiff breed. Four ejaculates of each dog were processed individually (5% glycerol and 0.5% Equex) to reach a final concentration of 100 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml. Then, two freezing techniques were tested to assess the seminal quality (sperm motility, live spermatozoa and abnormal sperm cell percentages) at 1, 30, 60, 120 and 360 days after freezing: (i) semen was frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen; (ii) semen was frozen and stored in the ultrafreezer at -152 degrees C. After freezing-thawing, both freezing protocols showed no significant differences in sperm motility and the percentages of live and abnormal spermatozoa. On the other hand, the microscopic characteristics of spermatozoa in fresh semen were practically similar among males; however, after the semen processing and freezing, significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) among males, especially as regards sperm motility. This inter-individual variability was detected in both freezing protocols, showing that the male-to-male variation in the seminal quality post-freezing was independent of the freezing technique used. The in vitro results obtained in the Canarian Mastiff breed confirmed that the use of ultra-freezers at -152 degrees C is a potential alternative to liquid nitrogen for storing canine semen for long periods of time.  相似文献   

Luteal Characteristics and Progesterone Production on Day 5 of the Bovine Oestrous Cycle     

MP Green  GE Mann  MG Hunter 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(6):643-647

In this study we have examined luteal function in non-lactating and late lactation dairy cows on day 5 of the cycle, during the period of the post-ovulatory progesterone rise. Comparison of luteal progesterone content and in vitro synthetic capacity with circulating plasma progesterone demonstrated that circulating progesterone concentration is a function of total luteal activity rather than the activity of individual units of tissue. Incubation of luteal tissue in vitro demonstrated stimulatory activity of LH and IGF-I, and to a greater degree IGF-II, on luteal progesterone synthesis. Finally the study showed no effect of double ovulation on luteal function. Occurrence of double ovulation in 35% of animals was not associated with any difference in luteal function or plasma progesterone concentrations.  相似文献   

Insect midgut structures and molecules as targets of plant‐derived protease inhibitors and lectins     

Thiago H Napoleo  Lidiane P Albuquerque  Nataly DL Santos  Isabella CV Nova  Thmarah A Lima  Patrícia MG Paiva  Emmanuel V Pontual 《Pest management science》2019,75(5):1212-1222

The midgut of insects is involved in digestion, osmoregulation and immunity. Although several defensive strategies are present in this organ, its organization and function may be disturbed by some insecticidal agents, including bioactive proteins like lectins and protease inhibitors (PIs) from plants. PIs interfere with digestion, leading to poor nutrient absorption and decreasing amino acid bioavailability. Intake of PIs can delay development, cause deformities and reduce fertility. Ingestion of PIs may lead to changes in the set of proteases secreted in the insect gut, but this response is often insufficient and results in aggravation of the malnutrition status. Lectins are proteins that are able to interact with glycoconjugates, including those linked to cell surfaces. Their effects on the midgut include disruption of the peritrophic matrix, brush border and secretory cell layer; induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress; interference with nutrient absorption and transport proteins; and damaging effects on symbionts. In addition, lectins can cross the intestinal barrier and reach the hemolymph. The establishment of resistant insect populations due to selective pressure resulting from massive use of a bioactive protein is an actual possibility, but this can be minimized by the multiple mode‐of‐action of these proteins, mainly the lectins. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Process Parameters and Technological Quality of French Rolls Produced with Dry Sourdough to Reduce Sodium     

Amanda de Cssia Nogueira  Caroline Joy Steel 《Cereal Chemistry》2016,93(2):138-144

The search for alternatives for salt reduction in bread is a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the use of dry sourdough (DS) for the reduction of sodium in French rolls, using a 2² central composite rotatable design. Sodium chloride (NaCl) (0–2.5%) and DS (0–10%, flour basis) were added to the formulations. The reduction of NaCl decreased high‐speed mixing time, proofing time, oven spring, cut opening, and cut height. The addition of DS increased high‐speed mixing time and proofing time and, at higher concentrations, decreased oven spring, cut opening, and cut height. Color parameters also showed effect of DS. Specific volume, shape, and texture of the rolls were not affected by the variables. Thus, the use of DS was shown to be viable for the reduction of sodium in French rolls, because we reached up to 45% salt reduction at concentrations below 5% DS, with desirable technological characteristics.  相似文献