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31.
Kazuhiro KOJIMA James K. CHAMBERS Ayano ISHII Kazuhito SEGAWA Kazuyuki UCHIDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(2):213
An 8-year 8-month-old castrated male Munchkin presented with vomiting, anorexia and hypoactivity. Computed tomography revealed excessive gas accumulation within the intestinal lumen and gas bubbles in the liver, spleen, and portal venous system, indicating hepatic portal venous gas. The cat died without any significant improvement, and mild splenomegaly was found at necropsy. Histologically, multiple gas vacuoles were diffusely observed in the liver and spleen. In the stomach, multiple gas vacuoles and scattered focal ulcers were detected within the mucosa. Multifocal hemorrhage was noted in the small and large intestines, whereas gas vacuoles were not present. Based on these findings, a gastric ulcer under high gas pressure may have provided an entry point for gas into the portal venous system. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Stress and immune responses were studied in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus under both conditions of self-feeding and scheduled feeding. Self-feeding fish had a significantly lower cortisol level in their blood plasma than that of scheduled feeding fish. Furthermore, skin color was found to be paler in the self-feeding fish compared with that of the scheduled feeding fish. Thus, the self-feeding fish had a less stressful physiological status than the other experimental fish. Immunological analyses revealed that the self-feeding fish significantly exceeded the scheduled feeding fish in the phagocytic activity of their macrophages, antibody production, and the number of blood-circulating lymphocytes. The higher immune responses of self-feeding fish seem to be attained through a less stressful environment. This self-feeding behavior could be exploited to create reduced stress for disease control in fish farming. 相似文献
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Yasushi KAWAI Kensuke ARAKAWA Ayako ITOH Boku SAITOH Yasuyuki ISHII Junko NISHIMURA Haruki KITAZAWA Takatoshi ITOH Tadao SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(1):45-51
Gassericin A, a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus gasseri LA39, has a cyclic structure linking N‐ and C‐terminal amino acids. Gassericin A was expressed in Escherichia coli JM109 as a biotinylated fusion protein on the basis of the DNA sequence of mature bacteriocin. A positive clone accumulated the bacteriocin, with no activity, as a soluble fusion protein in the cytoplasm. After release of an N‐terminal tag with factor Xa protease, gassericin A was converted into an active peptide having N‐ and C‐termini. The total amount of purified bacteriocins (expressed and native) was 480 µg/L and 370 µg/L, respectively. However, the specific activity of expressed gassericin A was 15 AU/mg lower than that of native bacteriocin (2600 AU/mg). Although the actual Mr (molecular weight) of the expressed bacteriocin should be 5666, the peptide showed the same mobility (Mr 3800) in sodium dodecylsulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) as native cyclic gassericin A, suggesting that the expressed peptide retains compact folding of the molecule similar to that of native gassericin A. 相似文献
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Tsunenori IRIKI Kazuyoshi TAMURA Mana ISHII Hiroyuki TANAKA Tsuyoshi MIYAMOTO Ken ONDA 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(6):655-661
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism by which ketone bodies increase antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. Four male Holstein calves (5 weeks of age) were utilized. Four levels of butyrate (0 g, 11 g, 22 g and 44 g) were administrated intra‐ruminally in a 4 × 4 Latin square design and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, six‐position lumbar puncture), blood plasma and urine were collected. The concentration of total plasma and CSF protein was 5.5–5.6 g/dL and 27.5–28.3 mg/dL, respectively. CSF concentrations of a specific ketone body, 3‐hydroxybutyric acid, were significantly higher in the 22 g and 44 g butyrate groups than in the control group. CSF concentrations of ADH in the 11 g and 44 g butyrate groups were significantly higher than in the control group. Plasma concentration of 3‐hydroxybutyric acid was increased by intraruminal administration of butyrate within 15 min in a dose‐dependent manner, and it was higher in the 22 g and 44 g butyrate group than in the control group from 15 min to 4 h. With the exception of the 11 g butyrate group, plasma concentrations of ADH also increased in response to butyrate treatment, and it was higher in the 44 g butyrate group than in the 22 g butyrate group from 15 min to 1.5 h. The duration of the elevated plasma concentrations of ADH was shorter than that of the plasma concentration of 3‐hydroxybutyric acid. The relationship between the plasma concentrations of ADH and 3‐hydroxybutyric acid was statistically significant but the correlation between the two concentrations was not high. Butyrate treatment elevated the plasma concentration of ADH and also resulted in reduced urine volume and increased urine osmolality. Haematocrit (Ht) values, and the osmolality of CSF and plasma were not different among the groups. Our results suggested that the increased ADH secretion observed in suckling calves fed dry feeds was caused by butyrate‐derived ketone body that crossed the blood‐brain barrier rapidly. 相似文献
35.
EVANS ATUTI ATERA KAZUYUKI ITOH TETSUSHI AZUMA TAKASHIGE ISHII 《Weed Biology and Management》2012,12(1):53-62
Witchweed, Striga hermonthica (hereafter, referred to as “Striga”), is a major biotic constraint to cereal production in sub‐Saharan Africa. The parasitic plant is a socioeconomic problem that has forced some resource‐poor farmers to abandon their farms due to high infestation. This study was designed in order to elucidate farmers' perceptions of Striga control measures and to determine their potential adoption in two villages in western Kenya. Participatory rural appraisals and individual interviews were conducted in 2009 and 2010 in a sample of 128 and 120 households in Kaura and Kogweno‐Oriang villages in Homabay and Rachuonyo districts, respectively. The results revealed that crop production was the main occupation in most households. The farmers identified Striga as one of the major constraints to maize, sorghum, and finger millet production. According to the farmers, the most popular control measures were hand‐pulling, crop rotation, and intercropping, even though rotational systems might need a longer timeframe to reduce the soil seed bank of Striga. Although the level of Striga infestation and damage were increasing in the farmers' fields, the adoption of the control options was limited. The reason for the low adoption level of the control methods by the farmers is because they are “too risky” as there is no guarantee of a direct pay‐off in increased crop yield. Farmer‐led evaluation and adaptation of the various Striga control technologies in real‐life situations will facilitate the choice of appropriate options and facilitate their uptake. 相似文献
36.
Daisuke HOSOKAWA Atsushi ISHII Keita YAMAJI Shinji SASAZAKI Kenji OYAMA Hideyuki MANNEN 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(1):7-13
Differences between average allelic frequencies of genes that relate to traits suggest that it would be evidence of artificial selections. Sliding window approach is a useful method to identify genomic regions that have been differently selected between two breeds. The objective of this study was to identify the divergently selected regions between Japanese Black (JB) and Japanese Holstein (JH) cattle based on genotypic information obtained through a high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel. After genotyping of 54 001 SNP markers on 100 animals (50 JB and 50 JH), 40 635 SNPs were suitable for the analysis. For each of these SNPs, the absolute difference between allelic frequencies of JB and JH was calculated. In the current study, 10 consecutive SNPs were defined as components of a window. For each window, the average difference in allelic frequency was calculated. This was termed sliding window average difference (SWAD). Among 40 055 windows, we focused on 39 windows with the largest SWAD. This was equivalent to 0.1% of all windows and the SWAD was more than 0.435. Some of these windows overlapped and were distributed in 11 regions. These regions were in good agreement with reported quantitative trait locus, therefore would be selection signatures and good candidates that harbor the causative mutations. 相似文献
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Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) is a chemical activator of systemic disease resistance in plants. In this study, we used differential
display to identify ASM-inducible defense response genes involved in induced disease resistance. As a result, we cloned three
ASM-inducible genes from cucumber, encoding a chitinase, a putative protein disulfide isomerase and a putative mitochondrial-protein-like
protein. Expression of these genes was induced within 24 hr after treatment of cucumber leaves with ASM. These results suggest
that differential display is a useful tool for understanding the mode of action of ASM and defense responses.
Received 6 September 2000/ Accepted in revised form 11 April 2001 相似文献
40.
The efficacy of N -phenylcarbamates and N -phenylformamidoximes against benzimidazole-resistant strains of Venturia nashicola was tested experimentally in Japanese pear orchards. Both compounds gave effective control when applied in an orchard where highly benzimidazole-resistant strains were predominant. However, unsatisfactory control was observed in an orchard where the fungal population was dominated by fungal strains with intermediate or weak benzimidazole resistance. Strains resistant to N -phenylcarbamates and N -phenylformamidoximes were widely distributed in Japanese pear orchards, suggesting that effective use of these compounds to control benzimidazole-resistant strains of V. nashicola would not be practicable. Increased sensitivity to N -phenylformamidoximes in highly benzimidazole-resistant isolates was shown to be controlled by a single chromosomal gene, but progenies that were highly resistant to both a benzimidazole fungicide and a N -phenylformamidoximes appeared in crosses between parents resistant to each fungicide alone. Similar strains were also found in pear orchards, and this'double resistance'was shown to be heritable. 相似文献