High-speed centrifugation of extender of freeze-thaw boar semen     

Camila R. C. de Brito  Antonio Sergio Varela Junior  Stela Mari M. Gheller  Izani B. Acosta  Andreia N. Anciuti  Norton Luiz S. Gatti  Edenara A. Silva  Nathalia W. Knabah  Carine D. Corcini 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(5):821-825

In semen cryopreservation, egg yolk is still widely used as a non-penetrating cryoprotectant. Much has been developed in the search for alternatives for this biological product. This work aimed to evaluate the processed egg yolk through ultracentrifugation and/or sonication in the cryopreservation of swine semen. Twenty-seven semen doses were purchased from a commercial boar stud and processed for cryopreservation using egg yolk lactose 11% (control) extender, processed using two different methods: high-speed centrifugation and sonication. Then, they were submitted to freeze-thawing protocol and were assessed for kinematic and cell structural parameters. Samples in which extenders underwent centrifugation had better results in velocity parameters, meanwhile those that only sonication was performed had poorest results in this parameter. The preservation of the membrane and mitochondria structure had better results when the diluent was only centrifuged in comparison with the other treatments. Therefore, centrifugation of extender containing egg yolk is important for better cryopreservation of swine semen.  相似文献   

Influence of different warming temperatures on the vitrified testicular fragments from pre-pubertal cat     

Juliana de Souza Fernandes  Beatriz Evaristo de Almeida Tabosa  Bruna Farias Brito  Herlon Victor Rodrigues Silva  David Baruc Cruvinel Lima  Lúcia Daniel Machado da Silva 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(10):1342-1348

Testicular vitrification is an alternative to preserve the genetic material of pre-pubertal animals. However, there are few studies on post-vitrification warming. Hence, the aim was to compare the influence of different warming temperatures on vitrified testicular fragments from pre-pubertal cats. The testicles were fragmented and divided into a control group (non-vitrified) and vitrified, using an association between dimethylsulphoxide and glycerol. The vitrified fragments were warmed at 50, 55 and 60°C/5 s. Morphological and morphometric evaluations were carried out using classical histology. Afterwards, the mitochondrial activity was evaluated using Rhodamine 123. The data were expressed in mean and standard error. The differences were considered significant when p < .05. In the histomorphological analysis, the testicular fragment presented seminiferous tubules with poorly developed germinal epithelium, compatible with pre-pubertal animals. The group warmed at 50°C presented similar to the control regarding the maintenance of the integrity of the tubules and cells, without stromal rupture and lamina propria alteration, as well as regarding the maintenance of the junctions between the cells. The group warmed at 55°C showed reduction of the cell junctions, and the one warmed at 60°C had increased detachment of the basement membrane (p < .05). The warming caused a reduction in the tubular diameter inversely proportional and progressive to the increase in temperature, with the highest diameter in the control group and the lowest in the 60°C group. The control group showed a lower incidence of Rhodamine 123, followed in ascending order of the warmings at 55 and 60°C. The higher mitochondrial activity was obtained with 50°C, showing an increase of the metabolic cell function at this temperature. It was concluded that the testicular fragment of pre-pubertal cats presents a better preserved morphology, morphometry and viability when warmed at 50°C.  相似文献   

Performance and serum parameters of calves (Bos taurus) subject to milk restriction associated with supplementation with 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid     

Rosiane F Brito  Aldi F S Frana  Aline P Pansani  Carlos H Castro  Diego B Colugnati  Luciano F Souza  Luiza A Rabelo  Valria Nunes-Souza  Carlos H Xavier  Graciele A Oliveira  Daniel S Corrêa  Adriano T Ramos  Larissa M Macedo  Reginaldo N Ferreira 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(6)

Our aim with this study was to evaluate the consumption, performance, quantitative characteristics of carcasses, biochemical profile, plasma levels of ghrelin and leptin, expression of the receptor for ghrelin (GHS-R1a) in the hypothalamus and duodenum, and the number of goblet cells in the duodenum of calves subjected to milk volume restriction and supplemented with 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBa). We used 21 Holstein mixed-breed calves, aged between 3 and 15 d with an average weight of 36.8 kg, and housed in pens with troughs for hay, concentrate, and water. The study included two consecutive experimental periods (first period [P1] and second period [P2]) of 21 d each, with 7 d of adaptation to the diet and facilities. The calves were distributed in a completely randomized design in three treatments with seven repetitions. 1) Control: 6 liters of milk/d during P1 and 6 liters of milk/day during P2; 2) RES (milk restriction): 3 liters of milk/day during P1 and 6 liters of milk/day during P2; and 3) RES + HMTBa: 3 liters of milk/day during P1 and 6 liters of milk/day during P2 + 3.3 g of HMTBa/day in both periods. HMTBa was supplied in milk, and the amount of concentrated ration and hay provided and leftovers were recorded daily to estimate dry matter (DM) and crude protein consumption. Mean daily weight gain (DWG), final weight (FW), and feed conversion (FC) were obtained at the beginning and at the end of each 21-d period. Plasma concentrations of ghrelin and leptin, triglycerides, total protein, urea, lactate, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, and cholesterol were measured for P1 and P2 at the end of each 21-d period. At the end of P2, animals were slaughtered; sections of the duodenum were collected to evaluate the expression of GHS-R1a and quantity of goblet cells; hypothalamus was used to evaluate the expression of GHS-R1a; rumen was used to evaluate the thickness of epithelium and keratin and the density, height, and width of ruminal papillae. In P1, total DM consumption, FW, DWG, glucose, and triglycerides were lower in the RES and RES + HMTBa groups (P < 0.001). In P2, there was an improvement in the FC of the RES + HMTBa group (compared with Control and RES groups) and a lower urea concentration in the RES group (compared with Control and RES + HMTBa groups) (P < 0.001). No differences were observed among groups regarding hormonal concentrations, histological parameters, and GHS-R1a expression in the duodenum and hypothalamus. Therefore, milk restriction combined with HMTBa supplementation promoted greater compensatory gain by a mechanism independent of changes in GHS-R1a expression and hormone levels of ghrelin and leptin.  相似文献   

The Paracatu/Entre-Ribeiros Irrigation Scheme in Southeastern Brazil – Features and Challenges in Performance Assessment     

Ricardo A.L. Brito  Ivo W.A. Bastings  Adriane R. Bortolozzo 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2003,17(4):285-303

A case study is presented on the irrigation performanceassessment of the Paracatu/ Entre-Ribeirosproject, a privately owned/managedcenter-pivot irrigation scheme inSoutheastern Brazil. Seven indicators werechosen (delivery performance, overallconsumptive ratio, sustainability ofirrigated area, power and energyconsumption, operation and maintenancefraction, unit gross economic return, andglobal revenue/cost ratio) to assess theperformance of the scheme in the periodfrom 1997 through 2000. The values obtainedfor these indicators seem to haveadequately expressed the current situationof the scheme by identifying low values ofoverall consumptive ratio, an indication ofthe need for improvement in the watermanagement strategies of individualfarmers.  相似文献   

Improving genomic prediction accuracy for meat tenderness in Nellore cattle using artificial neural networks     

Fernando Brito Lopes  Cláudio U. Magnabosco  Tiago L. Passafaro  Ludmilla C. Brunes  Marcos F. O. Costa  Eduardo C. Eifert  Marcelo G. Narciso  Guilherme J. M. Rosa  Raysildo B. Lobo  Fernando Baldi 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(5):438-448

The goal of this study was to compare the predictive performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with Bayesian ridge regression, Bayesian Lasso, Bayes A, Bayes B and Bayes Cπ in estimating genomic breeding values for meat tenderness in Nellore cattle. The animals were genotyped with the Illumina Bovine HD Bead Chip (HD, 777K from 90 samples) and the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler (GGP Indicus HD, 77K from 485 samples). The quality control for the genotypes was applied on each Chip and comprised removal of SNPs located on non-autosomal chromosomes, with minor allele frequency <5%, deviation from HWE (p < 10^–6), and with linkage disequilibrium >0.8. The FImpute program was used for genotype imputation. Pedigree-based analyses indicated that meat tenderness is moderately heritable (0.35), indicating that it can be improved by direct selection. Prediction accuracies were very similar across the Bayesian regression models, ranging from 0.20 (Bayes A) to 0.22 (Bayes B) and 0.14 (Bayes Cπ) to 0.19 (Bayes A) for the additive and dominance effects, respectively. ANN achieved the highest accuracy (0.33) of genomic prediction of genetic merit. Even though deep neural networks are recognized to deliver more accurate predictions, in our study ANN with one single hidden layer, 105 neurons and rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function was sufficient to increase the prediction of genetic merit for meat tenderness. These results indicate that an ANN with relatively simple architecture can provide superior genomic predictions for meat tenderness in Nellore cattle.  相似文献   

Genomic evaluation for novel stayability traits in Nellore cattle     

Pedro Vital Brasil Ramos  Fabyano Fonseca e Silva  Luiz Otávio Campos da Silva  Gustavo Garcia Santiago  Gilberto Romeiro de Oliveira Menezes  José Marcelo Soriano Viana  Roberto A. A. Torres Júnior  Andrea Gondo  Luiz F. Brito 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(3):266-273

Cow stayability plays a major role on the overall profitability of the beef cattle industry, as it is directly related to reproductive efficiency and cow's longevity. Stayability (STAY63) is usually defined as the ability of the cow to calve at least three times until 76 months of age. This is a late-measured and lowly heritable trait, which consequently constrains genetic progress per time unit. Thus, the use of genomic information associated with novel stayability traits measured earlier in life will likely result in higher prediction accuracy and faster genetic progress for cow longevity. In this study, we aimed to compare pedigree-based and single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) methods as well as to estimate genetic correlations between the proposed stayability traits: STAY42, STAY53 and STAY64, which are measured at 52, 64 and 76 months of cow's age, considering at least 2, 3 and 4 calving, respectively. ssGBLUP yielded the highest prediction accuracy for all traits. The heritability estimates for STAY42, STAY53, STAY63 and STAY64 were 0.090, 0.151, 0.152 and 0.143, respectively. The genetic correlations between traits ranged from 0.899 (STAY42 and STAY53) to 0.985 (STAY53 and STAY63). The high genetic correlation between STAY42 and STAY53 suggests that besides being related to cow longevity, STAY53 is also associated with the early-stage reproductive efficiency. Thus, STAY53 is recommended as a suitable selection criterion for reproductive efficiency due to its higher heritability, favourable genetic correlation with other traits, and measured earlier in life, compared with the conventional stayability trait, that is STAY63.  相似文献   

Applicability of optical coherence tomography in blue‐fronted parrots (Amazona aestiva)     

Ricardo Augusto Pecora  Sung Song Watanabe  Marta Brito Guimares  Denise Aya Otsuki  Paulo Sergio de Moraes Barros  Anglica de Mendona Vaz Safatle 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2020,23(2):358-367

  相似文献   

Spatial patterns of magnetic susceptibility optimized by anisotropic correction in different Alisols in southern Amazonas,Brazil     

Brito  Wildson Benedito Mendes  Campos  Milton César Costa  de Souza  Fernando Gomes  Silva  Laércio Santos  da Cunha  José Maurício  de Lima  Alan Ferreira Leite  Martins  Thalita Silva  de Oliveira  Flávio Pereira  de Oliveira  Ivanildo Amorim 《Precision Agriculture》2022,23(2):419-449

Precision Agriculture - Changes in primary cover for agricultural crops in Amazonas region influence the phenomenon of spatial variability in soil properties. This phenomenon is still studied...  相似文献   

Energy balance of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae fed on animal or vegetable protein based compounded feeds     

Luis Jimnez-Yan  Abelardo Brito  Gerard Cuzon  Gabriela Gaxiola  Toms García  Gabriel Taboada  Luis A. Soto  Roberto Brito 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):337-345

L. vannamei postlarvae are normally raised with a protein dense diet (50% protein) rich in fishmeal. Part of the protein is utilized for energy purpose instead of protein synthesis. Based on a previous energy partitioning study, the effects of two isoenergetic compounded feed treatments – animal protein (AP) and vegetable protein and carbohydrates (VPC) – upon growth efficiency and energy budget of shrimp postlarvae and early juveniles were determined. Recovered energy (RE) or production (P) after 50 days trial was similar (2 J day^− 1) in both treatments, from PL₁₄ to PL₁₉. However, early juveniles discriminated between animal protein (116 J day^− 1) and vegetable protein and carbohydrates (88 J day^− 1). The difference in respiration indicated a higher heat increment with AP compared to VPC. At maintenance level, energy used was lower with AP than VPC treatment. Postlarvae and early juveniles employed protein as a main energy substrate (O:N < 20). Differences in the efficiencies observed in the calculated energy budget were attributed to the presence of carbohydrates in diet and not to the protein source. The advantage of incorporating vegetable protein source in the diet of harvesting shrimp may eventually contribute towards a reduction of fishmeal costs and waste products as well as to achieve sustainable shrimp farming.  相似文献   

Acaricidal activity of thymol on larvae and nymphs of Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae)     

Mendes Ada S  Daemon E  Monteiro CM  Maturano R  Brito FC  Massoni T 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,183(1-2):136-139

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acaricidal efficacy of thymol on unengorged and engorged larvae and engorged nymphs of Amblyomma cajennense. To perform the test for unengorged larvae, the larval packet technique was employed and mortality was evaluated 24h after the test, while for engorged larvae and engorged nymphs the immersion technique was employed and mortality was evaluated after 15 days. In all the experiments, the following concentrations of thymol were tested: 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0mg the thymol/ml. The control group was exposed to water and 1% DMSO and there were 10 repetitions for each treatment. The values found for mortality of unengorged larvae were 18.2%, 51.8%, 97.6%, 93.5% and 94.5%, and for engorged nymphs the values were 26.0%, 92.2%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, in concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0mg of thymol/ml, respectively. In the test with engorged larvae, mortality was 100.0% in all treatments. Based on the results, it is possible to conclude that thymol has acaricidal activity against immature stages of A. cajennense.  相似文献