Improving the performance of Bt-cotton under heat stress by foliar application of selenium     

Muhammad Farrukh Saleem  Muhammad Asif Kamal  Shakeel Ahmad Anjum  Muhammad Shahid  Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza  Muhammad Awais 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(13):1711-1723

Heat stress at reproductive stages of cotton is a leading encumbrance to accomplish yield potential. An experiment was conducted to alleviate adversities of terminal heat stress on cotton. Experiment was conducted at University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2013 and repeated in 2014 using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split arrangement. Treatments were comprised of heat stress in main plots, viz., H₀ = no heat imposition, H₁ = heat imposition at squaring, and H₂ = heat imposition at flowering. Selenium was foliar applied in split plot, viz., Se₀ = 0, Se₅₀ = 50, Se₁₀₀ = 100, and Se₁₅₀ = 150 mg L^?1. Cell membrane thermostability, soluble proteins, and total phenolics were reduced significantly under heat stress leading to reduced cotton yield and related components. Maximum membrane thermostability, total phenolics, soluble proteins, opened bolls, boll weight, sympodial branches, and seed cotton yield were recorded with the application 150 mg Se L^?1.  相似文献   

Effect of protection against hot climate on growth performance,physiological response and endocrine profile of growing lambs under semi-arid tropical environment     

De  Kalyan  Kumar  Davendra  Singh  Anoop Kumar  Kumar  Kamal  Sahoo  Artabandhu  Naqvi  Syed Mohammed Khursheed 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(6):1317-1323

In the hot semi-arid tropical region, extreme summer is a major constraint in sheep production. The growth performance of growing lambs is impaired during the summer. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the effect of protection against hot climate on growth performance, physiological response, and endocrine profile of growing lambs under semi-arid tropical environment. All the data in the experiment were presented as mean ± SE. Thirty Malpura lambs with the age of 122.7 ± 6.05 days and body weight of 19.52 ± 0.42 kg were allotted into three groups, viz. G1 (control, lambs kept in open area under tree shade), G2 (lambs kept in conventional asbestos-roofed shed), and G3 (lambs kept in designed shed). The allotment was based on their initial body weight so that the mean body weight of each group was similar. In all three types of protection, lambs were provided with sufficient space to move and social interaction. In asbestos-roofed shed (G2), all the four sides from ground to the roof were fenced with strong galvanized iron chain link. But in G3, all the four sides were constructed in a manner that there was 0.13 m air space between inner and outer solid brick columns of the wall up to 1.37 m height, and rest up to the roof was fenced with bamboo splint net. The air space between the two columns of the wall was filled with sand, and it was kept in moist condition by continuous water drips which provide extra evaporative cooling. The designed shed was basically constructed with bamboo. Tree shade was assured under the natural shades of large trees. The shaded area was protected by wire fences. The experiment was conducted for 45 days during very high temperature (May–June). The lambs were provided with ad libitum green fodder, dry roughage, 300 g concentrate, and ad libitum drinking water. The respiration rate at morning and afternoon, pulse rate at morning and afternoon and rectal temperature at afternoon was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in lambs of G3 as compared to other groups. The final body weight did not differ significantly between the groups, but average daily gain (g/day) was higher in G3 (150.06 ± 11.13) as compared to the G1 (109.69 ± 18.10). The feed conversion rate (FCR) was significantly (P < 0.05) better in G3 (5.49 ± 0.08) as compared to G1 (7.65 ± 0.08) and G2 (6.60 ± 0.08). The hemoglobin level was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in G1. The endocrine profile did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) among the groups, but insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was higher in G3. It can be concluded from this study the lambs provided with better protection during summer remained in more comfortable condition, showed better FCR, and although not statistically significant showed better growth performance.

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Environmental and maternal factors associated with gross placental morphology in dairy cattle          下载免费PDF全文

MM Kamal  M Van Eetvelde  L Vandaele  G Opsomer 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(2):251-256

This article reports on a study of gross placental morphology of 282 expelled placentas from 89 primi‐ and 193 multiparous Holstein dams immediately after calving and examines associations with environmental factors such as typical herd features and season of calving, and maternal factors such as age at calving, level of milk yield at conception and cumulative amount of milk produced during gestation. The highest correlation between calf measurements and placental characteristics was found between the weight of the calf and the total cotyledonary surface (r = .643; p < .001), confirming the high importance of the cotyledonary surface available for nutrient transfer to the developing foetus. Younger age in adolescent and smaller heart girth in multiparous dams were associated with a higher cotyledon number, suggesting placental compensation in dams with lower capacities in terms of dry matter intake. No significant association between milk yield during gestation in multiparous animals and gross placental morphometrics could be detected, indicating that factors such as the amount of milk produced during gestation affect placental development less than foetal weight close to term. Therefore, placental growth may be sustained at the expense of other tissues in an attempt to maintain pregnancy and minimize the adverse consequences for the foetus. This study offers evidence concerning factors affecting the placental surface size for nutrient transfer from dam to calf in dairy cattle based on gross morphometrics, but needs confirmation from studies in which this surface size is more profoundly assessed by measuring the branches present in the cotyledonary villi.  相似文献   

Comparative evaluation of fermented and non-fermented de-oiled rice bran with or without exogenous enzymes supplementation in the diet of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Labeo rohita</Emphasis> (Hamilton, 1822)     

Amit Ranjan  Narottam Prasad Sahu  Ashutosh Dharmendra Deo  H. Sanath Kumar  Sarvendra Kumar  Kamal Kant Jain 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(4):1037-1049

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of exogenous enzymes (xylanase and phytase) supplementation in the non-fermented and fermented de-oiled rice bran (DORB)-based diet of Labeo rohita. Four test diets (T1-DORB-based diet, T2-fermented DORB-based diet, T3-phytase and xylanase supplemented DORB-based diet, and T4-phytase and xylanase supplemented fermented DORB-based diet) were formulated and fed to the respective groups. Test diets T3 and T4 were supplemented with 0.01% xylanase (16,000 U kg^?1) and 0.01% phytase (500 U kg^?1) enzymes. One hundred twenty juveniles of L. rohita, with an average weight 5.01?±?0.02 g, were stocked in 12 uniform size plastic rectangular tanks in triplicate with 10 fishes per tank following a completely randomized design (CRD). Exogenous enzyme supplementation to the T3 group significantly improved the growth performance of L. rohita (p?<?0.05). Fermented DORB fed groups registered significantly lower growth irrespective of the supplementation of exogenous enzymes. The carcass composition (except CP %), enzyme activities (except amylase activity), globulin, and A/G ratio did not vary significantly (p?>?0.05). Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that exogenous enzyme supplementation significantly increases the growth of fish fed with DORB-based diet.  相似文献   

The effects of teak monoculture on forest soils: a case study in Bangladesh     

Md.Abdullah Al Mahmud  Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman  Mohammed Kamal Hossain 《林业研究》2018,(4)

Teak plantations date back to 1871 in Bangladesh.This study was designed to assess how teak monoculture has impacted the soil properties in Bangladesh.Multiple linear regression and correlation matrices were estimated to evaluate these impacts.The means of soil physicochemical properties were compared across various attributes of the plantations.Older plantations accumulated more organic carbon in the soils than the younger plantations.Excessive removal of litter from the forest floor resulted in reduced levels of N, P, K, and other nutrients in the soils.Since bulk density was continuously decreasing deeper into the soil, the penetration of mineral nutrients into the soil was low.Furthermore, moisture content in the topsoil was significantly lower than that in the bottom layers due to the exposed and dry condition of the forest floor under teak plantations.For improving depleted teak plantation soils, teak could be planted with other tree species rather than just in monocultures.In addition, the forest floor could be enriched with leguminous herbs and shrubs to improve soil health in these plantations.  相似文献   

Effect of Treated Wood on Biosolids Composting     

Abu Kamal  Kristine Wichuk  Kathleen Londry  Christian Felske 《Compost science & utilization》2017,25(3):178-193

The possibility of using construction and demolition (C&;D) waste wood as a bulking material in biosolids composting was investigated. Potential contaminants in C&;D waste wood include arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) from treated wood, and lead (Pb) from paints. Untreated and treated woodchips from C&;D wood were mixed with biosolids, composted using an aerated static pile process, and cured. There were no significant differences between untreated and treated woodchips with respect to composting process, time to stability, or product quality. Composting parameters monitored included moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter degradation, fecal coliform levels, and stability by respirometry. Finished compost quality was evaluated in terms of potential toxic elements (PTE) levels. PTE values in treated woodchips (26 ± 35, 29 ± 41, 56 ± 46, and 5 ± 5 µg·g^?1 for As, Cr, Cu, and Pb, respectively) were higher and more variable than those in the untreated woodchips (3 ± 3, 17 ± 8, 13 ± 2, and 0.5 ± 0.0 µg·g^?1). However, both untreated and treated wood compost products met Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Category B values for PTE. In addition, and only molybdenum (Mo) and Cu exceeded Category A thresholds. Biosolids were the most significant contributor of Mo, while Cu contributions came from both biosolids and wood chips; some samples of pressure-treated wood showed concentrations of Cu in the range of 765 to 8,455 µg·g^?1. The results of this study suggest that treated wood from C&;D recycling facilities will not significantly degrade the quality of biosolids compost products.  相似文献   

Haemolytic anaemia in cattle in NSW associated with Theileria infections     

MM Izzo  I Poe  N Horadagoda  AJ De Vos  JK House 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(1-2):45-51

Several outbreaks of anaemia, jaundice, abortion and mortality in cattle in New South Wales were attributed to the intracellular parasite, Theileria buffeli . Disease occurred predominantly in periparturient animals that had been moved from inland to coastal areas. Diagnosis was made via exclusion of other causes of haemolytic anaemia and observation of the parasite in blood smears. Treatments included both registered and non-registered products. There is a possibility of a new strain of Theileria sp. in Australia and the possible vectors encountered in NSW are discussed.  相似文献   

Effect of Luteinizing Hormone and Tumour Necrosis Factor‐Alpha on VEGF Secretion by Cultured Porcine Endometrial Stromal Cells     

MM Kaczmarek  A Blitek  D Schams  AJ Ziecik 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(3):481-486

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Biotic and abiotic drivers of intraspecific trait variation within plant populations of three herbaceous plant species along a latitudinal gradient     

Kenny Helsen  Kamal P. Acharya  Jörg Brunet  Sara A. O. Cousins  Guillaume Decocq  Martin Hermy  Annette Kolb  Isgard H. Lemke  Jonathan Lenoir  Jan Plue  Kris Verheyen  Pieter De Frenne  Bente J. Graae 《BMC ecology》2017,17(1):38

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Generation of interspecific hybrids between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trifolium vesiculosum</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">T. alexandrinum</Emphasis> using embryo rescue     

Ajinder Kaur  Kamal Preet Kaur  Anu Kalia  Upasana Rani  Jagroop Gill Kahlon  Rajesh Sharma  Devendra Malaviya  Rahul Kapoor  Jagdeep Singh Sandhu 《Euphytica》2017,213(11):253

Interspecific hybrids were developed between Trifolium alexandrinum cultivar Wardan × Trifolium vesiculosum and T. alexandrinum cultivar BL1 × T. vesiculosum through embryo rescue, as the crosses failed to set seed under natural conditions. Trifolium vesiculosum was used as a donor/male parent in this study as it is reported to possess tolerance to stem rot and high forage yield. Fertilization in crossed florets of the crosses was manifested from the recovery of swollen ovaries (< 7.80%) and confirmed from the presence of one degenerated ovule in most (> 93.00%) of the swollen ovaries. The hybrid embryos at various developmental stages (heart, torpedo and cotyledonary) were rescued at a frequency of 2.56% from Wardan × T. vesiculosum and 6.12% from BL1 × T. vesiculosum. Differentiation occurred only in the cotyledonary stage embryos, resulting in 17 putative interspecific hybrid plantlets. The assessment of plantlet hybridity through SSR markers (for the alleles inherited from the donor parent), micromorphological leaf traits (leaf texture and stomata) and morphological characters (plant height, leaflet length and width) confirmed production of two interspecific hybrids designated as AV1 and BV3 representing both the crosses. AV1 displayed moderate resistance and BV3 was resistant to stem rot.  相似文献