Genotypic variation in fatty acid content of blackcurrant seeds.     

M L Ruiz del Castillo  G Dobson  R Brennan  S Gordon 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(2):332-335

The fatty acid composition and total fatty acid content of seeds from 36 blackcurrant genotypes developed at the Scottish Crop Research Institute were examined. A rapid small-scale procedure, involving homogenization of seeds in toluene followed by sodium methoxide transesterification and gas chromatography, was used. There was considerable variation between genotypes. The gamma-linolenic acid content generally varied from 11 to 19% of the total fatty acids, but three genotypes had higher values of 22-24%, levels previously not reported for blackcurrant seed and similar to those for borage seed. Other nutritionally important fatty acids, stearidonic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, varied from 2 to 4% and 10-19%, respectively. The mean total fatty acid contents ranged from 14 to 23% of the seed, but repeatability was poor. The results are discussed. Blackcurrant seeds are mainly byproducts from juice production, and the study shows the potential for developing blackcurrant genotypes with optimal added value.  相似文献   

A comparison between the spatial distribution pattern of flagellates and some physicochemical parameters in a waste stabilization pond     

Fermin Rivera  Gloria Vilaclara  Alfonso Lugo  Pedro Ramirez  Esperanza Robles  Antonio Labastida 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1988,37(1-2):1-12

Protozoological and physicochemical analyses were performed in a waste stabilization pond at Sto. Tomas Atzingo, a small town near Mexico City, in order to discern the internal dynamics of the pond water through the study of the spatial distribution pattern of flagellates and the parallel water volume distribution pattern of some selected physicochemical determined parameters. The statistical method applied to the data obtained was by cluster analysis. The results showed a slight trend to heterogeneity in the system, when it was evaluated through the physicochemically determined parameters. On the other hand, the spatial distribution pattern of the flagellates pointed out a remarkable heterogeneity in the pond. In systems like the one studied where the main feature is an organic matter overload, such a difference in findings indicates a low correlation between the biological parameters, in this case the flagellates, and the physicochemical variables, that should be considered when evaluating the water quality of such systems, either through the physicochemical, the biological or both scopes.  相似文献   

Variant allometric scaling relationships between bud size and secondary shoot growth in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus faginea</Emphasis>: implications for the climatic modulation of canopy growth     

Arben Q. Alla  J. Julio Camarero  Pilar Rivera  Gabriel Montserrat-Martí 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(7):1245-1254

• Introduction and statement of the research questions  

The relationships between primary and secondary growth in tree populations of contrasting climates are poorly understood. We tested the hypotheses that bud size and stem cross-sectional area are related through allometric relationship in shoots and that their scaling slopes change in response to climatic stress.  相似文献   

Effect of different treatments on the evolution of polyamines during refrigerated storage of eggplants   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Rodriguez Sdel C  López B  Chaves AR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(10):4700-4705

The applicability of a thermal treatment was compared with modified-atmosphere (MA) storage in relation to chilling injury (CI) and polyamines evolution in eggplants. Fruits underwent physiological disorders at 3 degrees C, evidenced by the appearance of surface injuries at the third day of storage, and, after moving the fruits to 20 degrees C, by increased respiratory activity and more intense ethylene production. Storage of fruits in sealed low-density polyethylene bags and a previous treatment with heated air (1 h at 35 degrees C) were both effective in retarding chilling injury, though the former was better. Two free polyamines were found in cv. Black Nite: putrescine, in greater proportion, and spermidine. Putrescine increased in control (untreated) fruits stored at 3 degrees C in parallel with the external appearance of chilling injury, whereas this increase was either not exhibited or retarded in treated or MA stored fruits. Spermidine did not change in control fruits at 3 degrees C, remaining almost constant over the whole storage period, whereas in heat- and MAP-treated fruits spermidine levels exhibited a decrease.  相似文献   

Establishment of Retama sphaerocarpa L. seedlings on a degraded semiarid soil as influenced by mycorrhizal inoculation and sewage‐sludge amendment     

María del Mar Alguacil  Fuensanta Caravaca  Gisela Díaz  Purificacin Marín  Antonio Roldn 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2004,167(5):637-644

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, Glomus deserticola (Trappe, Bloss. & Menge), and Glomus mosseae (Nicol & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe) and the addition of composted sewage sludge (SS) with respect to the establishment of Retama sphaerocarpa L. seedlings, in a semiarid Mediterranean area. Associated changes in soil chemical (nutrient content and labile carbon fractions), biochemical (enzyme activities), and physical (aggregate stability) parameters were observed. Six months after planting, both the addition of composted SS and the mycorrhizal‐inoculation treatments had increased total N content, available‐P content, and aggregate stability of the soil. Values of water‐soluble C and water‐soluble carbohydrates were increased only in the mycorrhizal‐inoculation treatments. Rhizosphere soil from the mycorrhizal‐inoculation treatments had significantly higher enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, protease‐BAA, acid phosphatase, and β‐glucosidase) than the control soil. In the short‐term, mycorrhizal inoculation with AM fungi was the most effective treatment for enhancement of shoot biomass, particularly with G. mosseae (about 146% higher with respect to control plants). The addition of the composted SS alone was sufficient to restore soil structural stability but was not effective with respect to improving the performance of R. sphaerocarpa plants.  相似文献   

Ciliates in a waste stabilization pond system in Mexico     

Fermin Rivera  M. Rosario Sanchez  Alfonso Lugo  Pedro Ramirez  Ricardo Ortiz  Arturo Calderon 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,34(3):245-262

A protozoological survey was performed on a waste-stabilization pond to isolate, identify, and determine the incidence of ciliates present in these waters. The correlation between the species found and the physicochemical parameters was investigated. One hundred and eighty samples were analyzed from February 1983 to February 1984. Free-living ciliates isolated include:Carchesium polypinum Linnaeus,Vorticella microstoma Ehrenberg,Vorticella convallaria Linnaeus,Didinium balbiani Fabré-Domergue,Amphileptus claparedei Stein,Spathidium spathula Müller,Litonotus fasciola Ehrenberg,Paramecium caudatum Müller,Paramecium aurelia Ehrenberg,Tetrahymena vorax Kidder,Tetrahymena pyriformis Ehrenberg,Cyclidium glaucoma Müller,Aspidisca costata Ehrenberg, andStylonychia putrina Stokes. The performance of the pond was predominantly anaerobic. The temperature, total alkalinity, and nitrate concentration were the most variable parameters in the system studied.  相似文献   

Regulation of protein secretion through controlled aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum     

Rivera VM  Wang X  Wardwell S  Courage NL  Volchuk A  Keenan T  Holt DA  Gilman M  Orci L  Cerasoli F  Rothman JE  Clackson T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5454):826-830

A system for direct pharmacologic control of protein secretion was developed to allow rapid and pulsatile delivery of therapeutic proteins. A protein was engineered so that it accumulated as aggregates in the endoplasmic reticulum. Secretion was then stimulated by a synthetic small-molecule drug that induces protein disaggregation. Rapid and transient secretion of growth hormone and insulin was achieved in vitro and in vivo. A regulated pulse of insulin secretion resulted in a transient correction of serum glucose concentrations in a mouse model of hyperglycemia. This approach may make gene therapy a viable method for delivery of polypeptides that require rapid and regulated delivery.  相似文献   

Immunoregulatory feedback between interleukin-1 and glucocorticoid hormones   总被引：56，自引：0，他引：56  

H Besedovsky  A del Rey  E Sorkin  C A Dinarello 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,233(4764):652-654

The production and action of immunoregulatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), are inhibited by glucocorticoid hormones in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, glucocorticoid blood levels were increased by factors released by human leukocytes exposed to Newcastle disease virus preparations. This activity was neutralized by an antibody to IL-1. Therefore the capacity of IL-1 to stimulate the pituitary-adrenal axis was tested. Administration of subpyrogenic doses of homogeneous human monocyte-derived IL-1 or the pI 7 form of human recombinant IL-1 to mice and rats increased blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and glucocorticoids. Another monokine, tumor necrosis factor, and the lymphokines IL-2 and gamma-interferon had no such effects when administered in doses equivalent to or higher than those of IL-1. The stimulatory effect of IL-1 on the pituitary-adrenal axis seemed not to be mediated by the secondary release of products from mature T lymphocytes since IL-1 was endocrinologically active when injected into athymic nude mice. These results strongly support the existence of an immunoregulatory feedback circuit in which IL-1 acts as an afferent and glucocorticoid as an efferent hormonal signal.  相似文献   

National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures     

Terracciano A  Abdel-Khalek AM  Adám N  Adamovová L  Ahn CK  Ahn HN  Alansari BM  Alcalay L  Allik J  Angleitner A  Avia MD  Ayearst LE  Barbaranelli C  Beer A  Borg-Cunen MA  Bratko D  Brunner-Sciarra M  Budzinski L  Camart N  Dahourou D  De Fruyt F  de Lima MP  del Pilar GE  Diener E  Falzon R  Fernando K  Ficková E  Fischer R  Flores-Mendoza C  Ghayur MA  Gülgöz S  Hagberg B  Halberstadt J  Halim MS  Hrebícková M  Humrichouse J  Jensen HH  Jocic DD  Jónsson FH  Khoury B  Klinkosz W  Knezević G  Lauri MA  Leibovich N  Martin TA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5745):96-100

Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.  相似文献   

Contribution of the Patagonia Icefields of South America to sea level rise   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Rignot E  Rivera A  Casassa G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5644):434-437

Digital elevation models of the Northern and Southern Patagonia Icefields of South America generated from the 2000 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission were compared with earlier cartography to estimate the volume change of the largest 63 glaciers. During the period 1968/1975-2000, these glaciers lost ice at a rate equivalent to a sea level rise of 0.042 +/- 0.002 millimeters per year. In the more recent years 1995-2000, average ice thinning rates have more than doubled to an equivalent sea level rise of 0.105 +/- 0.011 millimeters per year. The glaciers are thinning more quickly than can be explained by warmer air temperatures and decreased precipitation, and their contribution to sea level per unit area is larger than that of Alaska glaciers.  相似文献