Development of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting equine serum antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella abortusequi     

Gall D  Nielsen K  Bermudez RM  Muñoz del Real MC  Halbert G  Groulx R  Moreno F  Chow EY  Checkley SL 《Research in veterinary science》2006,81(2):215-217

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IELISA) was developed for the detection of equine serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi (LPS), a causative organism of Equine Paratyphoid. The data presented demonstrates that horses immunized with S. abortusequi LPS developed antibodies detectable by the IELISA. By comparison, the tube agglutination test (TAT) did not detect antibody to S. abortusequi LPS as consistently as the IELISA. The data suggests that the IELISA may be a more suitable test for the detection of serum antibodies to S. abortusequi than the TAT.  相似文献   

Changes in antimicrobial susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from pigs in Spain during the last decade     

Gutiérrez-Martín CB  del Blanco NG  Blanco M  Navas J  Rodríguez-Ferri EF 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,115(1-3):218-222

A total of 229 Spanish Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates recovered from diseased pigs with pleuropneumonia from 1997 to 2004 was tested for their susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials in a broth microdilution method. All the isolates were susceptible to florfenicol and most of them to cephalothin; however, a high rate of resistance was observed to tetracycline. A bimodal or multimodal distribution of isolates over the MIC range were observed for penicillins, tetracycline, trimethoprim, sulfisoxazole and nalidixic acid, suggesting the development of acquired resistance. Eight resistance patterns were established, and 21.1% of the isolates were resistant to at least two antimicrobials. In addition, a considerable increase in the resistance to tetracyclines was observed during the last decade in Spain, when compared with other A. pleuropneumoniae strains isolated during 1987-1988 (Gutiérrez, C.B., Píriz, S., Vadillo, S., Rodríguez Ferri, E.F., 1993. In vitro susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains to 42 antimicrobial agents. Am. J. Vet. Res. 54, 546-550); this finding was also observed for gentamicin in minor percentage.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of Haemophilus parasuis ferric hydroxamate uptake (fhu) genes and constitutive expression of the FhuA receptor     

del Río ML  Navas J  Martín AJ  Gutiérrez CB  Rodríguez-Barbosa JI  Rodríguez Ferri EF 《Veterinary research》2006,37(1):49-59

Bacteria have evolved a set of highly specialized proteins to capture iron in iron-depleted environments. The acquisition and uptake of iron present in the extracellular milieu of eukaryotic organisms is indispensable for the growth and survival of microbial pathogens in the course of infection. Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Gl?sser disease, which is responsible for considerable financial losses in pig-rearing worldwide. To gain insight into the mechanisms involved in siderophore-mediated iron uptake in H. parasuis, genes in the H. parasuis ferric hydroxamate uptake (Fhu) region were amplified in the work being reported here. As has been described in A. pleuropneumoniae, an Fhu genomic region was also present in H. parasuis, being composed of four potential consecutive open reading frames (ORF) designated as fhuC, fhuD, fhuB, and fhuA, respectively. By immunoblotting, using a cross-reactive polyclonal antibody raised against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae FhuA protein, it was demonstrated that this protein was constitutively expressed in H. parasuis and its level of expression was not modified under conditions of restricted iron availability. This is the first report describing the presence of the fhu genes in H. parasuis. Our results indicate that FhuA protein expression is not affected under iron-restricted conditions, however, it is one of the targets of the humoral immune response.  相似文献   

Influence of micro-oxygenation treatment before oak aging on phenolic compounds composition, astringency, and color of red wine     

Llaudy Mdel C  Canals R  González-Manzano S  Canals JM  Santos-Buelga C  Zamora F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(12):4246-4252

Micro-oxygenation is usually applied to red wines as a cheaper alternative to oak aging. It has been suggested, however, that micro-oxygenation can also be used to complement oak aging in order to improve the quality of very astringent and herbaceous red wines. In this paper we study how applying the micro-oxygenation technique before oak aging affects the composition and quality of astringent red wines. When this technique is applied prior to oak aging, the wines have a slightly less intense red color and significantly higher levels of combined and free anthocyanins and ethyl-bridged anthocyanin-flavanol pigments. On the other hand, no differences in other newly formed pigments are found. Applying micro-oxygenation before oak aging does not affect the total proanthocyanidin concentration, but it produces wines with a slightly (though significantly) higher mean degree of proanthocyanidin polymerization and a drastically lower astringency. These wines also present a clearer impact of wood aromas.  相似文献   

Detection of bacterial wilt infection caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) through multifractal analysis applied to remotely sensed data     

Perla Chávez  Christian Yarlequé  Hildo Loayza  Víctor Mares  Paola Hancco  Sylvie Priou  María del Pilar Márquez  Adolfo Posadas  Percy Zorogastúa  Jaume Flexas  Roberto Quiroz 《Precision Agriculture》2012,13(2):236-255

Potato bacterial wilt, caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2), affects potato production in several regions in the world. The disease becomes visually detectable when extensive damage to the crop has already occurred. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to test the capability of a remote sensing diagnostic method supported by multispectral and multifractal analyses of the light reflectance signal, to detect physiological and morphological changes in plants caused by the infection. The analysis was carried out using the Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima (WTMM) combined with the Multifractal (MF) analysis to assess the variability of high-resolution temporal and spatial signals and the conservative properties of the processes across temporal and spatial scales. The multispectral signal, enhanced by multifractal analysis, detected both symptomatic and latently infected plants, matching the results of ELISA laboratory assessment in 100 and 82%, respectively. Although the multispectral method provided no earlier detection than the visual assessment on symptomatic plants, the former was able to detect asymptomatic latent infection, showing a great potential as a monitoring tool for the control of bacterial wilt in potato crops. Applied to precision agriculture, this capability of the remote sensing diagnostic methodology would provide a more efficient control of the disease through an early and full spatial assessment of the health status of the crop and the prevention of spreading the disease.  相似文献   

Cross-sectional study on prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi infection in domestic ruminants in an endemic area of the Canary Islands (Spain)     

Rodríguez NF  Tejedor-Junco MT  González-Martín M  Santana del Pino A  Gutiérrez C 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,105(1-2):144-148

Trypanosoma evansi is the most widely spread of the pathogenic African trypanosomes of animals. The disease (surra) was first diagnosed in the Canary Islands in a dromedary camel in 1997; thus, a control plan was implemented achieving the eventual eradication of T. evansi from most of the infected areas in the Archipelago. However, a little area remains still infected despite the use of the same control measures. To evaluate possible reservoirs in the area a representative sample of domestic ruminants was examined by serological, parasitological and molecular tests. Of a total of 1228 ruminants assessed, 61 (5%) were serologically positive (7 cattle, 21 goats, 33 sheep), but T. evansi could be demonstrated in none of them. According to FreeCalc assessment, cattle and goat populations would be free from disease; however, the results from sheep are not adequate to conclude that the population would be free from disease. As a conclusion, surveillance must be exercised on ruminant farms in the surroundings of the infected area in order to evaluate the possible extension of the disease and their potential role as reservoirs of T. evansi.  相似文献   

Origin of the acetylated structures present in white birch (Betula pendula Roth) milled wood lignin     

Jorge Rencoret  José C. del Río  Ana Gutiérrez  ángel T. Martínez  Shiming Li  Jim Park?s  Knut Lundquist 《Wood Science and Technology》2012,46(1-3):459-471

The occurrence and nature of acetate groups in the milled wood lignin (MWL) isolated from birch (Betula pendula Roth) has been addressed by spectroscopic (2D-NMR) and chemical degradative (derivatization followed by reductive cleavage, DFRC) methods. Considerable amounts of acetate groups were present in the MWL preparation. However, 2D-NMR analysis indicated that the lignin polymer is not extensively acetylated and that the major part of the acetate groups is attached to the xylan moieties present in the MWL preparation. Nevertheless, evidence of the presence of minor acetylation of the γ-carbon of the lignin side chain (<3% of both syringyl and guaiacyl lignin units) was provided by DFRC analysis.  相似文献   

Letter to the Editor     

Oscar Cortadellas  Ma Josefa Fernández del Palacio  Alejandro Bayón  Angel Albert Soriano  Jesús Talavera López  DVM  PhD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2012,26(2):225-225

  相似文献   

Effect of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide treatment on rabbit testis and ejaculated sperm     

Collodel G  Castellini C  del Vecchio MT  Cardinali R  Geminiani M  Rossi B  Spreafico A  Moretti E 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(3):372-378

In a previous study, we reported the short- and long-term effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation on rabbit sperm quality. This study was aimed at exploring the spermatogenesis of the rabbit model focussing on the possible damages occurring to the testis and ejaculated sperm. Twenty New Zealand White rabbit bucks were divided into two groups. One group was inoculated intra-peritoneally with LPS, the other group, considered as control, was treated under the same conditions with saline only. Semen samples were collected before LPS injection, the 7th, 14th, 21st, 30th, 45th, 60th and 90th day after LPS treatment. Semen parameters were evaluated following international guidelines. The kinetic characteristics of ejaculated sperm were analysed using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer and the ultrastructural characteristics were explored by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). On the 7th, 14th and 30th day, testis from treated rabbits and controls were obtained. Testis samples were analysed by light microscopy and TEM. The induced LPS lesions in the testis became evident the 7th day after treatment, with a decrease in germinal cells and with an increase in structurally altered Sertoli cells; normal spermatogenesis was restored on the 30th day. The testicular damages observed on day 7 were probably responsible for the reduction in sperm concentration and motility and the ultrastructural alterations that were detected in the ejaculated sperm on the 14th through the 30th days after treatment. In conclusion, rabbit buck treated with LPS could be a useful model for studying the effect of an induced systemic inflammation on spermatogenesis.  相似文献   

Distribution of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) antigens in nervous and non-nervous organs of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) during the course of an experimental challenge     

Benjamin Lopez-Jimena  Esther Garcia-Rosado  Kim Dawn Thompson  Alexandra Adams  Carlos Infante  Juan Jose Borrego  Maria del Carmen Alonso 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2012,13(4):355-362

The distribution of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) antigens was examined by immunohistochemistry in the nervous and non-nervous organs of juvenile European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) during the course of an intramuscular infection. Histological changes resulting from the infection were evaluated from 3 days to 2 months post-infection. The specific antibody response was also studied 2 months post-challenge. Viral proteins were present throughout the experimental period in the retina (inner nuclear layer, ganglion layer, outer limiting membrane, and outer plexiform layer), brain (cerebellum and tectum opticum), and liver (hepatocytes and endothelial cells). These proteins were also observed in the renal tubular cells, white pulp of spleen, and in fibroblasts and cartilage of caudal fin. This is the first report of RGNNV proteins appearing in these organs, where the immunostaining was only detected at certain sampling times after the onset of mortality. Brain and retina of virus-exposed fish showed high levels of vacuolation, while accumulation of fat vacuoles was observed in the liver. RGNNV infection also induced a specific antibody response as measured by an ELISA. In summary, this is the first study demonstrating the presence of viral proteins in cells of caudal fin, kidney and spleen of European seabass.  相似文献