Correction of Rotational Deformity of the Pes with External Skeletal Fixation in Four Dogs     

MASSIMO PETAZZONI  DVM    ALESSANDRO PIRAS  DVM  ISVS  MRCVS    GAYLE H. JAEGER  DVM  MSpVM  Diplomate ACVS    CLAUDIO MARIONI  DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(4):506-514

Objective— To report unilateral correction and initial stabilization with external skeletal fixation (ESF) of metatarsal rotation in 4 immature Bernese Mountain Dogs.
Study Design— Case series.
Animals— Bernese Mountain Dogs (n=4).
Methods— The limb deformity, including degree and origin of the deformity at the level of the proximal intertarsal joint and involvement of the central tarsal bone, was characterized by clinical and radiographic assessment. Unilateral surgical correction of the most severely affected limb was performed by disrupting the ligaments and debriding the articular cartilage of the proximal intertarsal joint to allow for derotation of the deformity and arthrodesis of the proximal intertarsal joint stabilized with either circular or linear ESF.
Results— Initial metatarsal rotation of the corrected limbs ranged from 60° to 80° of external rotation (mean, 72.5°). Three limb corrections were stabilized with circular ESF and 1 with a biplanar linear ESF. Implants were removed at the time of radiographic bony union (range, 7–10 weeks; mean, 8.6 weeks). Residual deformity was minimal, ranging from 6° to 15° (mean, 11°). Two minor complications (loosening of 1 pin, serous drainage from 1 pin) resolved with treatment.
Conclusion— Correction of rotational deformity of the pes with intertarsal arthrodesis yielded an excellent clinical outcome, with only a mild residual deformity.
Clinical Relevance— Rotational metatarsal deformities can have a significant impact on gait, ambulation, and appearance. Correction of these deformities and stabilization with ESF and intratarsal arthrodesis can yield an excellent functional outcome, with improved gait and ambulation.  相似文献   

Hyperaldosteronism and hyperprogesteronism in a cat     

Katherine Briscoe BVSc MACVSc  Vanessa R. Barrs BVSc MVetClinStud FACVSc GradCertEd  Darren F. Foster BSc BVMS PhD FACVSc  Julia A. Beatty BSc BVetMed PhD FACVSc MRCVS 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2009,11(9):758-762

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A comparison of the effects of two different doses of ketamine used for co-induction of anaesthesia with a target-controlled infusion of propofol in dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alastair R Mair BVM&S  Cert VA  MRCVS    Patricia Pawson BVMS  Diplomate ECVAA  PhD  MRCVS    Emily Courcier† BVetMed  BSc  MRCVS  & Derek Flaherty BVMS  Diplomate ECVAA  DVA  MRCA  MRCVS 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(6):532-538

ObjectiveTo assess the cardiorespiratory and hypnotic-sparing effects of ketamine co-induction with target-controlled infusion of propofol in dogs.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded clinical study.AnimalsNinety healthy dogs (ASA grades I/II). Mean body mass 30.5 ± SD 8.6 kg and mean age 4.2 ± 2.6 years.MethodsAll dogs received pre-anaesthetic medication with acepromazine (0.03 mg kg^?1) and morphine (0.2 mg kg^?1) administered intramuscularly 30 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia. Heart rate and respiratory rate were recorded prior to pre-medication. Animals were allocated into three different groups: Group 1 (control) received 0.9% NaCl, group 2, 0.25 mg kg^?1 ketamine and group 3, 0.5 mg kg^?1 ketamine, intravenously 1 minute prior to induction of anaesthesia, which was accomplished using a propofol target-controlled infusion system. The target propofol concentration was gradually increased until endotracheal intubation was possible and the target concentration at intubation was recorded. Heart rate, respiratory rate and noninvasive blood pressure were recorded immediately prior to induction, at successful intubation and at 3 and 5 minutes post-intubation. The quality of induction was graded according to the amount of muscle twitching and paddling observed. Data were analysed using a combination of chi-squared tests, Fisher's exact tests, Kruskal–Wallis, and anova with significance assumed at p< 0.05.ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups in the blood propofol targets required to achieve endotracheal intubation, nor with respect to heart rate, noninvasive blood pressure or quality of induction. Compared with the other groups, the incidence of post-induction apnoea was significantly higher in group 3, but despite this dogs in this group had higher respiratory rates overall.Conclusions and clinical relevanceUnder the conditions of this study, ketamine does not seem to be a useful agent for co-induction of anaesthesia with propofol in dogs.  相似文献   

Intravenous tramadol: effects, nociceptive properties, and pharmacokinetics in horses     

Jusmeen K Dhanjal DVM  MS    Deborah V Wilson BVSc  MS  Diplomate ACVA    Edward Robinson BVetMed  MRCVS  PhD  Diplomate ACVIM  MRCVS    Thomas T Tobin† PhD  Diplomate ABVT  MRCVS  & Levent Dirokulu‡ DVM  MVSc  PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(6):581-590

ObjectiveTo determine the optimal dose, serum concentrations and analgesic effects of intravenous (IV) tramadol in the horse.Study designTwo-phase blinded, randomized, prospective crossover trial.AnimalsSeven horses (median age 22.5 years and mean weight 565 kg).MethodsHorses were treated every 20 minutes with incremental doses of tramadol HCl (0.1–1.6 mg kg^?1) or with saline. Heart rate, respiratory rate, step frequency, head height, and sweating, trembling, borborygmus and head nodding scores were recorded before and up to 6 hours after treatment. In a second study, hoof withdrawal and skin twitch reflex latencies (HWRL and STRL) to a thermal stimulus were determined 5 and 30 minutes, and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after bolus IV tramadol (2.0 mg kg^?1) or vehicle. Blood samples were taken to determine pharmacokinetics.ResultsCompared to saline, tramadol caused no change in heart rate, step frequency or sweating score. Respiratory rate, head height, and head nodding and trembling scores were transiently but significantly increased and borborygmus score was decreased by high doses of tramadol. Following cumulative IV administration of 3.1 mg kg^?1 and bolus IV administration of 2 mg kg^?1, the elimination half-life of tramadol was 1.91 ± 0.33 and 2.1 ± 0.9 hours, respectively. Baseline HWRL and STRL were 4.16 ± 1.0 and 3.06 ± 0.99 seconds, respectively, and were not significantly prolonged by tramadol.Conclusion and clinical relevanceIV tramadol at cumulative doses of up to 3.1 mg kg^?1 produced minimal transient side effects but 2.0 mg kg^?1 did not provide analgesia, as determined by response to a thermal nociceptive stimulus.  相似文献   

Use of wound soaker catheters for the administration of local anesthetic for post-operative analgesia: 56 cases     

Amanda L Abelson DVM    Emily C McCobb DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVA    Scott Shaw DVM Diplomate ACVECC    Elizabeth Armitage-Chan MA  VetMB  Diplomate ACVA  MRCVS    Lois A Wetmore DVM  ScD  Diplomate ACVA    Alicia Z Karas DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVA  & Cheryl Blaze BVSc  PhD  DVA  Diplomate ACVA 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(6):597-602

Objective  To describe the administration of local anesthetic through wound soaker catheters for post-operative veterinary patients and to characterize complications.
Study design  Retrospective study of hospital records.
Animals  Records of patients in which a wound soaker catheter was placed post-operatively between November 1, 2004 and July 1, 2006 at a veterinary teaching hospital. Records in which a limb amputation was performed between January 1, 2002 and August 1, 2007 and in which a wound soaker catheter was not placed were reviewed for historic control.
Results  A total of 56 cases were identified in which a wound soaker catheter was placed post-operatively including 52 dogs, 2 cats, and 2 goats. Twenty canine cases were identified in which limb amputation was performed and no wound soaker catheter was placed. The majority of surgical procedures for which a wound soaker catheter was placed included thoracic limb amputation (46.4%) and pelvic limb amputation (35.7%). Wound soaker catheters remained in place for an average of 1.6 ± 0.5 days. Feline and caprine patients received intermittent bupivacaine boluses every 6 hours. Canine patients received continuous lidocaine infusions. Complications included disconnection of the catheter from the infusion (7.7%), one seroma, and one suspected lidocaine neurotoxicity. Incisional infections were noted in 3/56 (5.3%) limb amputations with wound soaker catheters placed which was not higher than the incisional infection rate found in the historic control cases 3/20 (15%).
Conclusion and clinical relevance  Use of the wound soaker catheter was a viable means of providing local analgesia in post-operative veterinary patients. Studies are needed to evaluate efficacy of pain management, and to further investigate techniques for catheter placement and maintenance which may help to optimize the analgesia achieved using this technique.  相似文献   

Determination of cardiac output in neonatal foals by ultrasound velocity dilution and its comparison to the lithium dilution method     

Andre Shih DVM  ; Steeve Giguère  DVM  PhD  DACVIM  ; L. Chris Sanchez  DVM  PhD  DACVIM  ; Alexander Valverde  DVM  DVSc  DACVA  ; Carsten Bandt DVM  DACVECC  ; Hope Jankunas BS    Sheilah Robertson BVMS  PhD  MRCVS  DECVA  DACVA 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(5):438-443

Objective – To compare cardiac output (CO) measured by use of lithium dilution (LiDCO) and ultrasound velocity dilution (UDCO) in conditions of high, intermediate, and low CO in anesthetized foals.
Design – Original prospective study.
Setting – University teaching hospital.
Animals – Six foals 1–3 days of age (38–45 kg).
Interventions – Neonatal foals were anesthetized and instrumented to measure direct blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gases, and CO. The CO was measured by use of LiDCO and UDCO techniques. Measurements were obtained from each foal at baseline and during low, intermediate, and high CO states. Measurements were converted to cardiac index (cardiac index=CO/body weight) values for statistical analysis. Agreement between the 2 methods was determined using Bland and Altman analysis and concordance correlation coefficients.
Measurements and Main Results – LiDCO determinations of CO ranged between 4.0 and 14.0 L/min resulting in cardiac index ranging between 75.5 and 310 mL/kg/min. There was no significant effect of blood pressure variation on bias or relative bias ( P =0.62 and 0.93, respectively). The mean bias and relative bias of UDCO (±SD) compared with LiDCO were −20.1±39.2 mL/kg/min and −7.7±23.4%, respectively. Concordance correlation coefficient between LiDCO and UDCO was 0.833.
Conclusions – When compared with LiDCO, the UDCO technique has acceptable clinical utility for measuring CO in healthy anesthetized newborn foals.  相似文献   

Myoglobin as a prognostic indicator for outcome in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus     

Katja N. Adamik  DrMedVet  ; Iwan A. Burgener  DrMedVet  DACVIM  DECVIM  ; Alan Kovacevic  DrMedVet  DECVIM  ; Sebastian P. Schulze  MRCVS    Barbara Kohn  DrMedVet  DECVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(3):247-253

Objective – To determine whether myoglobin (Mb) is a useful prognostic indicator for outcome and to investigate any relationship between Mb and mortality in dogs with gastric dilatation‐volvulus (GDV). Design – Prospective study. Setting – Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals – Seventy‐two dogs with GDV. Interventions – Blood sampling. Measurements and Main Results – Mb levels were measured at the time of diagnosis (Mbt₀), 24 hours (Mbt₁), and 48 hours (Mbt₂) after signs of GDV were recognized. Fifty‐seven dogs survived (group I) and 15 dogs did not survive (group II). Mb t₀ differed significantly between groups (P=0.04). Mbt₀ in group I ranged from <30 to >700 ng/mL (n=57, median 74 ng/mL), and in group II from 34 to >700 ng/mL (n=15, median 238 ng/mL). Analysis of a receiver operating characteristic curve of Mbt₀ suggested that the best single cutpoint would be 168 ng/mL (sensitivity 60.0%, specificity 84.2%). Fifty percent of dogs with Mbt₀>168 ng/mL were euthanized, while 88.9% with Mbt₀<168 ng/mL survived. Mbt₁ and Mbt₂ differed significantly between groups I and II. Mbt₁ in group I ranged from 32 to >700 ng/mL (n=55, median 123 ng/mL), and Mbt₁ in group II ranged from 131 to 643 ng/mL (n=7, median 343 ng/mL) (P=0.006). Mbt₂ in group I ranged from 30 to 597 ng/mL (n=54, median 101 ng/mL), and in group II from 141 to >700 ng/mL (n=8, median 203 ng/mL) (P=0.02). Conclusions – In this study, Mbt₀ is a moderately sensitive and specific prognostic indicator. Almost 90% of the dogs below the cutpoint survived to discharge, whereas 50% with Mbt₀ above the cutpoint did not survive.  相似文献   

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE NORMAL CANINE STIFLE     

Valerie F. Samii  DVM    Jonathan Dyce  MRCVS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(5):402-406

Computed tomographic (CT) imaging of eight normal cadaveric canine stifles was performed before and after intra-articular administration of iodinated contrast medium. Transverse CT images were reconstructed in dorsal, parasagittal, and oblique planes. The following ligamentous structures were identified on transverse CT images in all stifles: cranial cruciate ligament, caudal cruciate ligament, medial meniscus, lateral meniscus, and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments. The following ligamentous structures were identified on transverse computed tomographic arthrography (CTA) images in all stifles: cranial cruciate ligament, caudal cruciate ligament, medial meniscus, lateral meniscus, meniscofemoral ligament, cranial meniscotibial ligaments, caudal meniscotibial ligaments, intermeniscal (transverse) ligament, and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments. The patellar tendon was identified on transverse and reconstructed dorsal and sagittal CT and CTA images in all stifles. Multiplanar reconstructions enabled further evaluation of the continuity of the cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments and menisci. The medial and lateral collateral ligaments were not clearly identified on CT or CTA multiplanar reconstructed images.  相似文献   

THE RADIOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF THE PULMONARY VASCULATURE IN THE CAT   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

N. J. Hayward  BVM&S  MRCVS    S. J. Baines  MA  VetMB  PhD  MRCVS    E. A. Baines  MA  VetMB  MRCVS    M. E. Herrtage  MA  BVSc  MRCVS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(6):501-504

The purpose of this study was to determine the dimensions of the pulmonary arteries and veins in the cat, both in normal animals and those with evidence of intrathoracic disease. The radiographs of 50 normal cats, 35 cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and 15 cats with other intrathoracic disease were assessed. The normal range for the right cranial lobar artery compared with the proximal third of the fourth rib was 0.5-1.0, with a mean artery-to-rib ratio of 0.70 (standard deviation +/- 0.13). Normal cats had a mean vein diameter of (0.20 +/- 0.03 cm) (P = 0.034) compared with cats with HCM, which had a significantly greater mean vein diameter (0.22 +/- 0.04 cm).  相似文献   

Hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar syndrome in feline diabetics: 17 cases (1995–2001)     

Amie Koenig  DVM  DACVIM    Kenneth J. Drobatz  DVM  MSCE  DACVECC  DACVIM    A. Brady Beale  VMD    Lesley G. King  MVB  MRCVS  DACVECC  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2004,14(1):30-40

Objective: The purposes of this study were to characterize the hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS), also known as nonketotic hyperosmolar diabetes, in cats; to determine the prevalence of HHS in the diabetic cat population in the emergency room; to document the outcome in cats with HHS; and to identify any predisposing factors or predictors of survival. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: An emergency service at a veterinary teaching hospital located in a major metropolitan area. Animals: The case records of 17 cats with hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar syndrome presenting from 1995 to 2001 were evaluated. An additional 37 cats with diabetic ketoacidosis and 80 cats with diabetes mellitus served as comparison groups. Interventions: None. Measurements and main results: Signalment, history, physical examination findings, clinico‐pathologic data, concurrent disease, and outcome were recorded. Hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar syndrome was seen in older cats that were often long‐standing diabetics receiving insulin for many months. Client concerns included polydipsia, polyuria, and lethargy. Neurologic and respiratory signs occurred frequently. Evaluation at presentation revealed profound dehydration, lactic acidosis, and azotemia. Serious concurrent diseases that likely contributed to the development of the HHS crisis were diagnosed in 88% (15/17) of the HHS cats. The most common concurrent diseases were renal failure, respiratory compromise, infection, congestive heart failure, neoplasia, and gastrointestinal tract disease. Pancreatitis and hepatic disease did not occur frequently in this diabetic cat population. Sixty‐five percent of HHS cats did not survive the initial hospitalization, with most dying or being euthanized within 10 hours of presentation. The long‐term survival rate was low (12%). Conclusions: HHS is a serious life‐threatening form of diabetic crisis and cats with HHS often have other severe systemic diseases. Cats with diabetes and concurrent disease, especially renal failure and congestive heart failure, are at increased risk of HHS and should be closely monitored for signs of crisis. The mortality rate for HHS cats is high.  相似文献