Prevalence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Salmonella in Equids Maintained by Low Income Individuals and on Designated Equine Farms in India     

B.R. Singh PhD  N. Babu MVSc  J. Jyoti MVSc  H. Shankar PhD  T.V. Vijo BVSc  AH  R.K. Agrawal PhD  M. Chandra PhD  D. Kumar MVSc  A. Teewari MVSc 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2007,27(6):266-276

We examined 872 equids (445 maintained by low-income individuals and 427 maintained on nine designated equine farms) and, using previously described methods for bacteria, isolated Salmonella from fecal samples of 59 (6.77%) animals. Of the 646 horses, 183 donkeys, and 43 mules that had feces cultured for Salmonella, 42 (6.5%), 7 (3.8%), and 10 (23.3%), respectively, were excreting Salmonella strains in feces. Six horse mares were excreting Salmonella enterica of two different serovars simultaneously. A total of 65 Salmonella enterica isolates belonged to 13 serovars, namely S. paratyphi B var Java (14), S. I. 4, 5, 12, 27: r, i: 1, 5 (11), S. Drogana (8), S. Newport (7), S. Saintpaul (5), S. Lagos (4), S. Typhimurium (5), S. Kottbus (3), S. Bovismorbificans (3), S. Dumfries (2), S. Tshiongwe (1) S. Weltevreden (monophasic) (1), and S. enterica ssp salamae (1). With Salmonella-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using hisJ gene primers, 107 (12.3) fecal samples yielded a specific amplicon of 496 bp. On using PCR, prevalence of Salmonella in donkeys, horses, and mules was 4.9%, 10.8%, and 65.1%, respectively. With both methods of Salmonella detection in feces, prevalence was significantly higher in female than in male donkeys and horses. Salmonella shedding in feces was significantly higher in equids maintained by low-income people than those at designated equine farms. Almost all Salmonella isolates (63 of 65) had multiple-drug-resistance (MDR, resistance to three or more drugs). Salmonella isolates were commonly resistant to sulfamethoxazole (90.8%), tetracycline (70.8%), doxycycline (67.7%), furazolidone (66.2%), and colistin (55.4%). A few isolates had resistance to trimethoprim (3.1%), ciprofloxacin (3.1%), ceftriaxone (3.1%), ceftazidime (3.1%), cefoperazone (3.1%), chloramphenicol (4.6%), cefotaxime (6.2%), gentamicin (9.2%), ampicillin + cloxacillin (9.2%), cotrimoxazole (13.8%), kanamycin (13.8%), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (16.9%), imipenem (16.9%), ampicillin (18.5%), amikacin (23.1%), neomycin (27.7%), nalidixic acid (33.8%), and streptomycin (36.9%). With the exception of 13 Salmonella isolates of S. Drogana (4), S. Newport (4), S. I. 4, 5, 12, 27: r, i: 1, 5 (4) and S. Kottbus (1) serovars, all had one or more than one plasmid. Molecular weight of plasmids ranged between 3 kDa and >87 kDa. One heavy plasmid (≥87 kda) was present in all the 52 plasmid-positive strains. Presence of plasmid could not be correlated with MDR in Salmonella isolates from equids.  相似文献   

Analgesic Effect of the Transdermal Fentanyl Patch During and After Feline Ovariohysterectomy     

Leigh E. Glerum  DVM    Christine M. Egger  DVM  MVSc  Diplomate ACVA    Sheila W. Allen  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    Michelle Haag  BS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2001,30(4):351-358

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of the transdermal fentanyl patch in relieving perioperative pain and stress associated with ovariohysterectomy in cats. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective laboratory trial. ANIMALS: Twenty-four female, purpose-bred cats. METHODS: Each cat was randomly assigned to groups 1-3. Group 1 received a 25-microg/h transdermal fentanyl patch only. Group 2 received the patch and anesthesia. Group 3 received anesthesia only. Patches were left in place for 72 hours. Rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, indirect blood pressure, blood glucose, serum cortisol concentration, plasma fentanyl concentration, pain score, and excitement/sedation score were monitored at prescribed intervals over an 81-hour period. Cats from groups 1-3 were reassigned to groups 4 and 5. Group 4 received the patch, anesthesia, and an ovariohysterectomy. Group 5 received anesthesia and an ovariohysterectomy only. The study period and monitored parameters were the same as for groups 1-3. RESULTS: Serum cortisol concentrations were significantly lower in group 4 than group 5 during the surgical and early postsurgical time periods. A similar effect was noted in blood glucose concentrations during the surgical period. Rectal temperature was significantly higher in group 2 when comparing all anesthetized groups during the early postsurgical period. Pain scores were significantly higher in groups 4 and 5 than in groups 2 and 3 during the early postsurgical period. There was no significant difference in pain scores between groups 4 and 5 during this period, however. CONCLUSIONS: The transdermal fentanyl patch affects biochemical markers of perioperative pain and stress associated with ovariohysterectomy in cats, attenuating rises in serum cortisol and blood glucose concentrations during the surgical and early postsurgical periods. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The transdermal fentanyl patch is effective in alleviating perioperative pain and stress associated with ovariohysterectomy in cats as evidenced by attenuated rises in cortisol and blood glucose concentrations in cats that were operated on and treated with the patch.  相似文献   

A METHOD FOR INDIRECT MEASUREMENT OF ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE HORSE     

C. C. GAY DVM  MVSc    M. MCCARTHY B.Eng    W. T. REYNOLDS BVSc  J. CARTER BVSc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1977,53(4):163-166

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BOOK REVIEW     

Catherine A. Outerbridge  DVM  MVSc  DACVIM  Stephen D. White  DVM  DACVD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2000,29(1):84-84

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Radiographic Evaluation of Femoral Torsion and Correlation With Computed Tomographic Techniques in Labrador Retrievers With and Without Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease     

Ayman A. Mostafa BVSc  MVSc  PhD  Michael W. Thomas DVM  Diplomate ACVR 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2014,43(5):534-541

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Initial leak pressures of four anastomosis techniques in cooled cadaveric canine jejunum     

Mark J. Fealey DVM  Penny J. Regier DVM  MS  DACVS-SA  Charles Steadman BS  J. Brad Case DVM  MS  DACVS-SA  Fernando Garcia-Pereira DVM  MVSc  DACVAA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(3):480-486

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Influence of orthopedic examination on lameness scores and interobserver and intraobserver agreement in dogs with naturally occurring elbow osteoarthritis     

Karanvir S. Aulakh BVSc & AH  MS  MS  CCRP  DACVS-SA  Kaustubh R. Dongaonkar BVSc & AH  MVSc  Katherine Barnes DVM  MS  CCRP  DACVS-SA  Alberto J. Gines DVM  DECVS  Jude T. Bordelon DVM  MS  MBA  DACVS-SA  Don Hulse DVM  DACVS  DECVS  Harmeet K. Aulakh BVSc & AH  MVSc  DACVIM  Chin-Chi Liu MS  MApStat  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(3):455-462

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Effect of sedation or general anesthesia on elbow goniometry and thoracic limb circumference measurements in dogs with naturally occurring elbow osteoarthritis     

Emily Clarke DVM  Karanvir S. Aulakh BVSc & AH  MS  MS  CCRP  DACVS-SA  Caleb Hudson DVM  MS  DACVS-SA  Katherine Barnes DVM  MS  CCRP  DACVS-SA  J. Alberto Gines DVM  DECVS  Chin-Chi Liu MS  MApStat  PhD  Harmeet K. Aulakh BVSc & AH  MVSc  DACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(7):1428-1436

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ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF THE CANINE LIVER BASED ON RECOGNITION OF HEPATIC AND PORTAL VEINS     

Jian-xin  WU MVSc  PhD  Carol H.  Carlisle MVSc  DVR  FACVSc 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(3):234-239

A method for systematic examination of the livers was developed, based on identification of the hepatic and portal veins in sixteen dogs. The right medial, quadrate, left medial and lateral hepatic veins and the hepatic branches of the portal veins were easily located with the dog in dorsal recumbency. The right lateral and caudate hepatic veins were identified more easily from the right side with the transducer positioned between the ninth to the eleventh intercostal spaces. Visibility was affected by the fullness of the stomach but this effect could be minimized by changing the position of the transducer to select a more suitable anatomical approach. Identification of the two systems depended on their echogenicity, the anatomical position of the main branches and their pattern of distribution. As in humans, the portal veins were in general, more echogenic than the hepatic veins and the hepatic veins could be traced from their junctions with the caudal vena cava. Identification of the branches of the hepatic and portal veins was complicated by the anatomical shape, the nutritional status and respiratory stage of the animal. A systemic approach based on a knowledge of the distribution patterns produced by the hepatic and portal veins ensures that all liver lobes are identified and all important structures are assessed.  相似文献   

Ventral Rhinotomy in the Dog and Cat     

DAVID L. HOLMBERG DVM  MVSc  DiplomateACVS    C. FRIES DVM  DVSc    J. COCKSHUTT DVM  MSc  D. VAN PELT DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,18(6):446-449

The nasal cavities of 14 dogs and three cats were explored surgically using a ventral rhinotomy. The exposure achieved through this approach was considered to be equal to a dorsal rhinotomy. One animal died during the immediate postoperative period from perforation of a gastric ulcer. The other animals recovered well and had no significant complications. The long-term survival of the animals was consistent with previous reports for their diseases. Ventral rhinotomy is no more difficult than dorsal rhinotomy, has less patient morbidity and fewer postoperative complications, and is more cosmetically acceptable.  相似文献