Experimental models of primitive cellular compartments: encapsulation, growth, and division   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hanczyc MM  Fujikawa SM  Szostak JW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5645):618-622

The clay montmorillonite is known to catalyze the polymerization of RNA from activated ribonucleotides. Here we report that montmorillonite accelerates the spontaneous conversion of fatty acid micelles into vesicles. Clay particles often become encapsulated in these vesicles, thus providing a pathway for the prebiotic encapsulation of catalytically active surfaces within membrane vesicles. In addition, RNA adsorbed to clay can be encapsulated within vesicles. Once formed, such vesicles can grow by incorporating fatty acid supplied as micelles and can divide without dilution of their contents by extrusion through small pores. These processes mediate vesicle replication through cycles of growth and division. The formation, growth, and division of the earliest cells may have occurred in response to similar interactions with mineral particles and inputs of material and energy.  相似文献   

Urinary Bladder incarceration and Infarction by an Intra-Abdominal Fat Pad in a Virginia Opossum (Didelphis Virginiana)     

Ryan S. De Voe  DVM    Kathy A. Spaulding  DVM    Jack Rotstein  MD    David S. Rotstein  DVM  MPVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(4):312-314

A 2.5-year-old, female opossum had acute stranguria. Based on radiography and ultrasonographic examination a cystic structure was identified in the caudal abdomen associated with bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis. This structure contained a neutrophilic fluid, determined to be urine. There was a neutrophilic leukocytosis. Serum chemistry values were within normal limits. The opossum was euthanized. An intra-abdominal fat pad incarceration of the urinary bladder above the trigone was present, resulting in complete obstruction of the urinary bladder and partial obstruction of the ureters. Vessels to the bladder were involved in the incarceration which resulted in vascular compromise and infarction of the bladder. Mild to moderate hydroureter and hydronephrosis were present.  相似文献   

The Use of an Open-freezing System with Self-seeding for Cryopreservation of Mouse Ovarian Tissue     

T Maltaris  A Dimmler  A Müller  H Binder  I Hoffmann  J Kohl  E Siebzehnrübl  MW Beckmann  R Dittrich 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(3):250-254

Chemoradiotherapy in young women with cancer has substantially improved life expectancy in these patients, but these treatments often cause infertility. One method of preserving fertility is to cryopreserve ovarian tissue. In this study, an automatic open-vessel freezing system with self-seeding was tested for cryopreservation of murine ovarian tissue; the mouse is a species widely used in human and veterinary medical research. The freezing system concerned, is used for cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos in Europe. Twenty severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were ovariectomized. The ovarian tissue was either directly transplanted heterotopically into the neck muscle (group 1, n = 6) or cryopreserved after equilibration with 1.5 M dimethylsulphoxide and propanediol. After thawing, the tissue was transplanted in SCID mice (group 2, n = 6). Before and after thawing, a part of the ovarian tissue was examined with the LIVE/DEAD fluorescent viability staining. The count of follicles revealed intact (fresh 24.1%/thawed 21.7%), impaired (fresh 35.1%/thawed 35.4%), and dead follicles (fresh 40.8%/thawed 42.9%). The healthy follicular loss because of the cryopreservation was 10.0%. All recipient mice were killed after 3 weeks. Transplanted ovarian tissue was found macroscopically in all mice. Histological examination showed several growing follicles in all developmental phases in both groups of SCID mice [group 1 (fresh grafts): 315 +/- 76.3 (mean +/- SD); group 2 (cryopreserved grafts): 237 +/- 63.4]. These results demonstrate that the use of an open-freezing system allows the survival of cryopreserved mouse ovarian tissue.  相似文献   

Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

David J. Nowak  Daniel E. Crane  Jack C. Stevens 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2006,4(3-4):115-123

A modeling study using hourly meteorological and pollution concentration data from across the coterminous United States demonstrates that urban trees remove large amounts of air pollution that consequently improve urban air quality. Pollution removal (O₃, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂, CO) varied among cities with total annual air pollution removal by US urban trees estimated at 711,000 metric tons ($3.8 billion value). Pollution removal is only one of various ways that urban trees affect air quality. Integrated studies of tree effects on air pollution reveal that management of urban tree canopy cover could be a viable strategy to improve air quality and help meet clean air standards.  相似文献   

Use of an extracorporeal circuit to evaluate effects of intraluminal distention and decompression on the equine jejunum     

Nieto JE  Van Hoogmoed LM  Spier SJ  Vatistas NJ  Snyder JR  Timmerman BL 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(2):267-275

OBJECTIVE: To use an extracorporeal circuit to evaluate effects of intraluminal distention on the jejunum of healthy horses. SAMPLE POPULATION: 2 jejunal segments from each of 5 horses. PROCEDURE: Jejunal segments were harvested and maintained in an extracorporeal circuit. One segment was subjected to distention (intraluminal pressure, 25 cm H2O) followed by decompression, and 1 segment was maintained without distention. The influence of distention-decompression on vascular resistance was calculated. Mucosal permeability was evaluated by measuring the clearance of albumin from blood to lumen. After distention and decompression, tissue specimens were collected for histomorphologic evaluation. In addition, the contractile response of the circular smooth muscle layer was determined following incubation with 3 prokinetic agents. RESULTS: Intestinal vascular resistance increased during intraluminal distention and returned to baseline values after decompression. Albumin clearance rate increased after distention, compared with baseline and control values. Histologic examination of the distended segments revealed grade-1 and -2 lesions of the mucosal villus. Edema and hemorrhage were evident in the submucosa and muscular layers. Mesothelial cell loss, edema, and hemorrhage were also evident in the serosa. Mucosal surface area and villus tip height decreased and submucosal volume increased in the distended tissue. Compared with responses in control specimens, distention decreased the contractile response induced by cisapride, erythromycin, and metoclopramide. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intraluminal distention of the jejunum followed by decompression increased mucosal permeability and injury and decreased responses to prokinetic agents. Horses with intraluminal intestinal distention may have a decreased response to prokinetic agents.  相似文献   

In vitro investigation of the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on contractile activity of the equine dorsal and ventral colon     

Van Hoogmoed LM  Snyder JR  Harmon FA 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(11):1496-1500

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of 2 cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors on contractile activity of the circular smooth muscle layer of the equine dorsal and ventral colon. SAMPLE POPULATION: Samples of the dorsal and ventral colon obtained from 10 healthy horses. PROCEDURE: Full-thickness tissue samples were collected from the dorsal colon in the area of the diaphragmatic flexure and the ventral colon in the area of the sternal flexure. Samples were cut into strips oriented along the fibers of the circular muscle layer and mounted in a tissue bath system for determination of contractile strength. Incremental amounts of etodolac, nabumetone, and indomethacin were added, and contractile activity was recorded. RESULTS: Response of the dorsal and ventral colon to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was variable. Indomethacin induced the greatest reduction in contractile activity, followed by nabumetone. For etodolac, the difference from baseline values was only significantly reduced at the highest concentration used (1 X 10(5)M) for the ventral colon. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The NSAIDs that are designed to target the COX-2 isoform appeared to have variable effects on the contractile activity of the equine dorsal and ventral colon. Etodolac appeared to have the least effect on contractile activity, compared with the effects attributable to nabumetone, and would potentially have the fewest adverse effects relative to motility of the dorsal and ventral colon.  相似文献   

Retraction     

Nunberg JH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5570):1025

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Gentamicin in dairy cows     

MN JENSEN  MW McLENNAN  WR KELLY  D O'BOYLE 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(4):258-258

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Floating a loan          下载免费PDF全文

Jack D  Matthew B 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(11):695-697

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通过种间杂交选育加工黄瓜新品种宁佳1号   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

陈龙正  陈劲枫  Jack Staub  钱春桃 《中国蔬菜》2005,1(3):4-6

以黄瓜属(Cucumis)野生种(C. hystrixChakr. )为母本,以栽培黄瓜(C. sativusL. )北京截头为父本,通过远缘杂交导入外源种质,结合多代回交、自交获得黄瓜新种质7012A。将7012A与美国威斯康辛大学选育的雌性系黄瓜(7011A)杂交获得F1,与亲本及美国推广加工黄瓜品种进行品种比较试验,结果表明:F1 具有超亲优势,结瓜整齐,营养价值高,加工品质良好。植株长势强,主侧蔓均有结瓜能力,主蔓结瓜为主,后期产量高。  相似文献