TaWRKY10 transcription factor is a novel jasmonic acid signalling regulator involved in immunity against Septoria tritici blotch disease in wheat     

Alberto Campanaro  Anjil K. Srivastava  Cunjin Zhang  Jack Lee  Linda Millyard  Angharad M. R. Gatehouse  Ed Byrne  Ari Sadanandom 《Plant pathology》2021,70(6):1397-1408

  相似文献   

Influence of birth order, birth weight, colostrum and serum immunoglobulin G on neonatal piglet survival     

Rafael A Cabrera  Xi Lin  Joy M Campbell  Adam J Moeser  Jack Odle 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2013,4(2)

  相似文献   

Influence of birth order, birth weight, colostrum and serum immunoglobulin G on neonatal piglet surviwal     

fiafael A Cabrera  Xi Lin  Joy M Campbell  Adam J Moeser  Jack Odle 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2013,(2):128-136

  相似文献   

The effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside （AICAR） on fatty acid oxidation in hepatocytes isolated from neonatal p~glets     

Lin Xi  Gary Matsey  Jack Odle 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2013,4(1):75-81

In the present study, the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) on long-chain fatty acid oxidation by hepatocytes isolated from suckled neonatal pig liver (a low ketogenic and lipogenic tissue) was tested. Incubation of hepatocytes with AICAR (0.5 mM) in the presence of 1 mM of carnitine and 10 mM of glucose for 1 hour at 37°C had no significant effect on total [1-14C]-palmitate (0.5 mM) oxidation (14CO2 and 14C-Acid soluble products (ASP)). Consistent with the fatty acid oxidation, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity and inhibition of its activity by malonyl-CoA (10 μM) assayed in cell homogenate also remained constant. However, addition of AICAR to the hepatocytes decreased 14CO2 production by 18% compared to control (p < 0.06). The reduction of labeled carboxylic carbon accumulated in CO2 caused a significant difference in distribution of oxidative products between 14CO2 and 14C-ASP (p < 0.03) compared with the control. It was also noticed that acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) was increased by AICAR (p < 0.03), indicating that ACC might drive acetyl-CoA toward fatty acid synthesis pathway and induce an increase in distribution of fatty acid carbon to 14C-ASP. Addition of insulin to hepatocyte incubations with AICAR did not change the oxidative product distribution between CO2 and ASP, but further promoted ACC activity. The increased ACC activity was 70% higher than in the control group when citrate was absent in the reaction medium and was 30% higher when citrate was present in the medium. Our results suggest that AICAR may affect the distribution of metabolic products from fatty acid oxidation by changing ACC activity in hepatocyte isolated from suckled neonatal piglets; however, the basis for the increase in ACC activity elicited by AICAR is not apparent.  相似文献   

Climate Change and North American Rangelands: Trends,Projections, and Implications     

H. Wayne Polley  David D. Briske  Jack A. Morgan  Klaus Wolter  Derek W. Bailey  Joel R. Brown 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2013,66(5):493-511

The amplified “greenhouse effect” associated with increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases has increased atmospheric temperature by 1°C since industrialization (around 1750), and it is anticipated to cause an additional 2°C increase by mid-century. Increased biospheric warming is also projected to modify the amount and distribution of annual precipitation and increase the occurrence of both drought and heat waves. The ecological consequences of climate change will vary substantially among ecoregions because of regional differences in antecedent environmental conditions; the rate and magnitude of change in the primary climate change drivers, including elevated carbon dioxide (CO₂), warming and precipitation modification; and nonadditive effects among climate drivers. Elevated atmospheric CO₂ will directly stimulate plant growth and reduce negative effects of drying in a warmer climate by increasing plant water use efficiency; however, the CO₂ effect is mediated by environmental conditions, especially soil water availability. Warming and drying are anticipated to reduce soil water availability, net primary productivity, and other ecosystem processes in the southern Great Plains, the Southwest, and northern Mexico, but warmer and generally wetter conditions will likely enhance these processes in the northern Plains and southern Canada. The Northwest will warm considerably, but annual precipitation is projected to change little despite a large decrease in summer precipitation. Reduced winter snowpack and earlier snowmelt will affect hydrology and riparian systems in the Northwest. Specific consequences of climate change will be numerous and varied and include modifications to forage quantity and quality and livestock production systems, soil C content, fire regimes, livestock metabolism, and plant community composition and species distributions, including range contraction and expansion of invasive species. Recent trends and model projections indicate continued directional change and increasing variability in climate that will substantially affect the provision of ecosystem services on North American rangelands.  相似文献   

Spanish melons (Cucumis melo L.) of the Madrid provenance: a unique germplasm reservoir     

Sandra Escribano  Almudena Lázaro  Hugo E. Cuevas  Ana I. López-Sesé  Jack E. Staub 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(3):359-373

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) landraces of the Madrid provenance, Spain, have received national distinction for their high fruit quality and sensorial attributes. More specifically, a unique array of Group Inodorus landraces have been continuously cultivated and conserved by farmers in the municipality of Villaconejos since the 19th century. Their genetic relationships to other Group Inodorus and Flexuous melon market classes is not known, and, thus, a study was designed to determine their genetic relationships using 52 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and then make genetic comparisons between these accessions and a previously published “Standard Reference Germplasm Array” (RA) containing Group Inodorus (14 Spanish and one USA), Flexuosus (1 Spanish), and Cantalupensis ( 2 USA) melon accessions. This subset consisted of 15 Spanish Group Inodorus landraces that circumscribed the genetic variation of major Spanish melon market classes (Groups Inodorus and Flexuosus), and USA commercial varieties (Groups Cantalupensis and Inodorus). Based on genetic distances, Villaconejos (Madrid) genotypes differed substantially from RA subset accessions, thus defining their genetic uniqueness. Principal component analysis (PCA) partitioned the accessions examined into four distinct groups revealing that Villaconejos black epidermis melons (landraces ‘Largo’, ‘Largo Negro Escrito’ and ‘Puchero’) were distinctly different from all other accessions examined, as cluster analysis separated Rochet market type Villaconejos’ accessions (landraces ‘Mochuelo’, ‘Mochuelo Tradicional’ and ‘Melón de Villaconejos’) from RA of the same market type. Genetic assessment of principal Spanish market classes revealed comparatively low intra-market heterogeneity in Piel de Sapo type accessions and high heterogeneity in Black and Yellow market type accessions. While a relatively high level of genetic introgression was detected between Yellow and Green market types, black epidermis market types were genetically unique. Given the uniqueness and high genetic diversity resident in Villaconejos landraces, this germplasm pool should be considered as a genetic source for broadening the comparatively narrow genetic base of Group Cantalupensis and Inodorus melon market types, especially standard commercial Spanish Group Inodorus market types (e.g., Piel de Sapo, Rochet, and Canari).  相似文献   

Global Pollution: How Much Is Too Much?     

Jack T. Trevors  Milton H. Saier Jr 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,198(1-4):1-3

  相似文献   

Organic matter composition and the protist and nematode communities around anecic earthworm burrows     

Walter S. Andriuzzi  Phuong-Thi Ngo  Stefan Geisen  Aidan M. Keith  Kenneth Dumack  Thomas Bolger  Michael Bonkowski  Lijbert Brussaard  Jack H. Faber  Abad Chabbi  Cornelia Rumpel  Olaf Schmidt 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2016,52(1):91-100

  相似文献   

Backcross introgression of plastomic factors controlling chilling tolerance into elite cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) germplasm: early generation recovery of recurrent parent phenotype     

Vanessa S. Gordon  Jack E. Staub 《Euphytica》2014,195(2):217-234

Environmental stresses such as chilling temperatures can decrease germination, emergence, flower and fruit development, marketable yield, and postharvest fruit storage longevity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). While response to chilling injury in cucumber is controlled by simple plastidic (maternal) and nuclear (paternal) factors, no chilling tolerant U.S. processing varieties are commercially available. Furthermore, even though three single nucleotide polymorphic sites have been identified as plastid components associated with chilling tolerance in cucumber, it is not known how these factors interact with nuclear factors controlling economically important traits. Therefore, an experiment was designed to evaluate the rate of recovery of the chilling susceptible (cytoplasm) genotype during introgression backcrossing (IB), where it was used as a recurrent parent after the initial mating to a line possessing chilling tolerant cytoplasm (donor parent). Phenotypic yield and quality trait data were collected on processing type backcross progeny (BC_1–5 and BC₂S₃) derived from an initial ‘Chipper’ (tolerant) × line M 29 (susceptible) mating, and rate of progression to the recurrent parent was determined by simple sequence repeat marker and morphological trait analyses. Substantial degrees of the recurrent parent phenotype and nuclear genome were recovered by the BC₂ generation (P = 0.001), with nearly complete recovery of recurrent parental traits and its nuclear genome occurring by the BC₃. General combining ability (GCA) of derived BC₂S₃ lines was significant for yield, yield/plant, length (L), diameter (D), and L:D ratios. The BC₂S₃ line GCA and rate of progression towards the recurrent parent for economically important traits suggests that elite chilling tolerant cucumber germplasm can be developed rapidly through IB and marker genotyping.  相似文献   

Bringing Agroforestry Technology to Farmers in Leyte, the Philippines: A Comparison of Two Extension Assistance Regimes     

Jack Baynes  John Herbohn  Iean Russell 《Small-Scale Forestry》2009,8(4):381-398

The response of farmers to personalised forestry and agroforestry extension assistance has not been well documented in the Philippines, thus providing the impetus for this research in which the effectiveness of extended on-farm assistance was compared with more limited assistance. In four municipalities in Leyte Island, farmers responded positively to an extended program which helped them overcome problems in germinating and growing seedlings and establishing trees on their land. A limited assistance program which sought to make use of farmers’ familiarity with growing and raising plants was relatively unsuccessful, with less preparation of tree planting sites and a higher rate of abandonment. Allowing farmers freedom to select planting sites and aspects of technical advice which suited their personal circumstances, encouraged a high degree of cooperation between extension staff and farmers, but 38% of farmers neglected post-planting weed control and 35% of sites were inappropriate for growing trees. Destruction of sites by flooding and grazing also caused farmers to blame extension staff even though these risks had been discussed with them beforehand. This suggested that a more interventionist approach would be appropriate for site selection although it may reduce recruitment. The number of farmers recruited through local government staff was low, but attendance by neighbours at locally held demonstrations was high, suggesting an avenue for further recruitment. Overall, the program was successful in shifting the initiative for further planting from extension staff to those farmers who received extended extension assistance.  相似文献