Plant growth substance action on lecithin and lecithin/cholesterol vesicles     

C. D. Kennedy  J. M. Harvey 《Pest management science》1972,3(6):715-727

The adsorption of some plant growth regulating compounds onto lecithin and equimolar lecithin/cholesterol vesicles and the effect of these substances on the rate of chloride/nitrate and sodium/potassium ion exchange across the vesicular membranes have been examined. On comparing the binding of 2,4-D, 2,6-D, 2,4,5-T and IAA to lecithin vesicles in solution at various pH values it is found that the unionised form of these acids is bound very much more strongly than the ionised form. Compounds having relatively low oil/water partition coefficients such as 2,4-D, 2,6-D and 2,4,5-T are adsorbed onto vesicles, from solutions containing equimolar equilibrium concentrations of the unionised molecules, to markedly different extents (depending on the structure of the lipophilic portion of these molecules). Where the oil/water partition coefficient is higher, as for 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)ethanol, binding to vesicles may also arise due to non-specific solution within the hydrocarbon region of the lipid bilayers. The affinity of these compounds for lecithin has also been assessed by noting the extent to which the inclusion of lecithin in the oil phase increases the oil/water partition coefficient. This has shown that affinity for lecithin depends on the structure of both the lipophilic and hydrophilic portions of the molecule. Only the unionised form of the compounds examined had any large effect on ion flux across the vesicle membranes. Significant increases in the rate of chloride/nitrate exchange were obtained on introducing quite high concentrations (0.015 to 1.5 mM) of the compounds 2,4-D, 2,6-D, 2,4,5-T, IAA, and 2,4-dichlorophenol, but not 2,4-dichlorophenoxyethanol, to suspensions of lecithin vesicles. Similar flux increases were observed with lecithin/cholesterol vesicles except that more pronounced effects on flux were obtained on adding 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyethanol. In contrast 2,4-D, 2,6-D, 2,4-dichlorophenol and IAA had no significant effect on the rate of Na⁺/K⁺ ion exchange across lecithin vesicles although increases were observed with equimolar lecithin/cholesterol vesicles. Interpretations of these phenomena are suggested and their relevance to plant growth substance effects at the plasmalemma membrane discussed.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of feline caliciviruses associated with a hemorrhagic-like disease.     

Mohamed Abd-Eldaim  Leon Potgieter  Melissa Kennedy 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2005,17(5):420-429

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is 1 of the most common causes of upper respiratory tract disease in cats. Other disease syndromes associated with FCV infection have been reported. Recently, calicivirus infection associated with a hemorrhagic-like disease leading to significant mortality in cats has been reported. The clinical signs are similar to those observed with the calicivirus of rabbit hemorrhagic disease. This study characterized 2 FCV isolates associated with hemorrhagic-like disease. Nucleotide sequencing of the complete genome has been done for these 2 isolates as well as for 4 additional isolates representing other disease syndromes. Previously reported sequence data for the entire genome of classical FCV (6 isolates) and a portion of the capsid gene for hemorrhagic-like FCV (3 isolates), isolated in different regions of United States were used in the genetic analysis. Sequence data were used to determine relationships among the isolates and any correlation with phenotype. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of the entire genome and individual open reading frames revealed high homology among all isolates. Data suggest that the virulence may have genetic determinants on the basis of phylogenetic clustering of the isolates associated with hemorrhagic-like disease.  相似文献   

High incidence of lymphoid neoplasia in a colony of Egyptian spiny-tailed lizards (Uromastyx aegyptius).     

Zoltan S Gyimesi  Michael M Garner  Roy B Burns  Donald K Nichols  Roger E Brannian  James T Raymond  Kockanda B Poonacha  Melissa Kennedy  John W Wojcieszyn  Robert Nordhausen 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2005,36(1):103-110

Hematopoietic malignancies are the most commonly reported neoplasms in lizards, occurring sporadically as in other reptiles. An unusually high incidence of lymphoid neoplasia occurred in a collection of Egyptian spiny-tailed lizards (Uromastyx aegyptius) from 1993-2001. Eight of 15 lizards necropsied at the Louisville Zoological Garden (53%) had multicentric lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry was not useful in characterizing the lineage of normal or neoplastic lymphocytes. By light and electron microscopy (EM), the neoplasms had plasmacytoid morphologic features suggesting B-cell origin, although some tumors also had a primitive lymphoblast component. A concurrent leukemic blood profile was identified in seven of the cases (88%). All were adult animals and no sex predilection was observed. No exposure to exogenous carcinogens was observed. Some of the lizards were unrelated, so hereditary factors were unlikely. Although examination by EM and viral isolation performed on archived tissues and plasma failed to detect viruses, an infectious etiology still warrants consideration.  相似文献   

Effects of application rate and interval on the efficacy of sprayable pheromone for mating disruption of the oriental fruit mothGrapholita molesta   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Orkun B. Kovanci  James F. Walgenbach  George G. Kennedy  Coby Schal 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(4):334-342

The efficacy of microencapsulated sprayable pheromone was evaluated at different application rates and intervals for mating disruption of the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta (Busck), in apple orchards during 2002. The following treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications: (i) a low rate of pheromone (6.2 g a.i. ha⁻¹) applied at 14-day intervals, (ii) a medium rate of pheromone (12.4 g a.i. ha⁻¹) applied at 28-day intervals, (iii) a high rate of pheromone (24.7 g a.i. ha⁻¹) applied at 28- day intervals, and (iv) a non-pheromone control (insecticides only). The combination of a single insecticide application against first generationG. molesta at petal fall with one pheromone application each for the second, third and fourth generations at 12.4–24.7 g a.i. ha⁻¹ successfully controlled low populations. Pheromone-treated blocks. had significantly lower trap catches than those in the insecticide-treated control blocks. Among pheromone treatments, significantly more moths were caught in the 6.2 g compared with the 12.4 and 24.7 g rates. Fruit damage was <1% at harvest and there were no significant differences among treatments. Low rate frequent applications of sprayable formulation appeared to be effective under low pest pressure but efficacy declined with increasing populations. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach under higher pest pressure. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 13, 2005.  相似文献   

The Role of Oestradiol in the Uterine Peristalsis in the Perfused Swine Uterus     

T Maltaris  R Dittrich  W Widjaja  C Sindhuwinata  I Hoffmann  MW Beckmann  A Mueller 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(6):522-526

This study was designed to examine the effects of oestradiol (E2) on sperm transport in the swine uterus. The bicornuate swine uterus is optimal for the study of the uterine transport and peristalsis because the influence of various factors can be examined on each uterine horn independently. Forty swine uteri (with or without ovarectomy) were perfused for a period of up to 7 h. Two different E2 concentrations (3 or 30 pg/ml) in the perfusion medium were administered for 30 min unilaterally. Through an intracervical catheter 1 ml of a high concentrated dextran blue solution was administered directly in the upper part of the cervix. After bilateral perfusion of the swine uterus with a bolus of 0.3 IU oxytocin the distribution of coloured particles was assessed macroscopically before and after incision of the uterine horns. Coloration was evaluated by two observers blinded to the site-specific administration of E2. In the 10 ovarectomized uteri with the 3 pg/ml E2 concentration a unilateral distribution towards the side of oestradiol administration was observed in six uteri, in four it was a bilateral distribution. In the 10 non-ovarectomized uteri with the 3 pg/ml E2 concentration a uni- and ipsilateral coloration was observed in five uteri, in five it was a bilateral distribution. In the 20 uteri with 30 pg/ml E2, a unilateral coloration of the uterus horns was observed in all uteri. Oestradiol is one of the main factors, which influences the direction of the sperm transport in a dose-dependent manner, in the perfused swine uterus.  相似文献   

LUPA - studying human diseases using dog genetics     

Copeland H  Dukes-McEwan J  Sargan D  Kennedy L  Starkey M  Hendricks A  Callanan S 《The Veterinary record》2008,163(18):550

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Pooled polymerase chain reaction to detect Tritrichomonas foetus in beef bulls.     

James A Kennedy  Dayla Pearl  Linda Tomky  Jane Carman 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(1):97-99

Preputial scraping samples from 305 mixed breed beef bulls were examined for the detection of Tritrichomonas foetus infection. All samples were collected by veterinarians and transported in commercial media to an accredited lab. Upon arrival samples underwent microscopic examination for the presence of Tritrichomonas foetus and were then incubated until 5 days postcollection before final microscopic examination. Culture detected 14 samples with Trichomonad spp.; all were confirmed to be Tritrichomonas foetus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After final examination samples were randomly placed in groups of 5 samples; technicians were blinded as to culture results of the individual samples constituting each pool. From each sample within a group, a portion of the fluid sediment was removed and pooled with the other samples of the group to form 61 pools. From each of the formed pools an aliquot was removed for PCR. PCR detected 16 positive pools; an additional 2 positive samples were then identified on individual PCR on samples previously diagnosed as culture negative. Relative to culture, the 95% confidence intervals for sensitivity and specificity of PCR pools to detect Tritrichomonas foetus were 76.8% to 100% (mean value: 100%) and 85.5 to 99.5% (mean value: 93.4%), respectively.  相似文献   

Inverse regulation of leptin mRNA expression by short- and long-chain fatty acids in cultured bovine adipocytes     

Soliman M  Kimura K  Ahmed M  Yamaji D  Matsushita Y  Okamatsu-Ogura Y  Makondo K  Saito M 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2007,33(4):400-409

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DNA archive for companion animals     

Clements DN  Carter S  Innes J  Kennedy L  Bennett D  Day M 《The Veterinary record》2007,160(22):776

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Use of Smartphone Technology for Small-Scale Silviculture: A Test of Low-Cost Technology in Eastern Ontario     

Richard Kennedy  Robert McLeman  Mike Sawada  Jan Smigielski 《Small-Scale Forestry》2014,13(1):101-115

This study examined the potential use of low-cost consumer-grade smartphone technology to perform and improve field data collection in support of small-scale forest management. This proof-of-concept exercise for day-to-day forester operations focused on the effectiveness of the smartphone platform (form factor and functionality) rather than any particular smartphone software. An electronic data acquisition system for a smartphone was developed that combined a simple custom timber cruise application and mobile commercial mapping software to record and process forest stand and geospatial information, and transfer these to a small-scale operator’s existing desktop geographic information system. Workflow efficiency and system performance of the smartphone system was then measured and compared with paper-based methods presently being used in the managed forest. The smartphone greatly increased workflow efficiency by reducing data transfer and processing times, and eliminated the need to carry separate global positioning system (GPS) device, map, paper forms and digital camera. The GPS accuracy of the smartphone was more than adequate to meet operational requirements, and provided a capacity to map forest features on an ad hoc basis that is not easily done through the paper-based process. However, initial data entry using the smartphone takes longer than using paper-based notes, there is a greater chance of data entry error through inadvertent keypad touches on the small screen, and there is the potential for a device malfunction. Overall, it is concluded that smartphones offer an opportunity for small-scale operators to create electronic field data management systems that are affordable, operationally robust, compatible with existing management systems, capable of increasing data management efficiency and, in particular, expanding the types of data that can be collected during silvicultural operations.  相似文献