Development and internal validation of a prediction tool to aid the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in dogs attending primary-care practice     

Imogen Schofield  David C. Brodbelt  Stijn J. M. Niessen  David B. Church  Rebecca F. Geddes  Noel Kennedy  Dan G. O'Neill 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(6):2306-2318

  相似文献   

Progression of aural plaques to squamous cell carcinoma in a horse     

Jeanine Peters‐Kennedy  Christian E. Lange  Kyla Ortved 《Veterinary dermatology》2020,31(5):397-400

  相似文献   

A case study of cash cropping in Nepal: Poverty alleviation or inequity?     

Brown  Sandra  Kennedy  George 《Agriculture and Human Values》2005,22(1):105-116

Agricultural commercialization as a mechanism to alleviate rural poverty raises concerns about small land-holders, non-adopters, and inequity in the distribution of benefits within transforming economies. Farm gross margins were calculated to assess the economic status and impact of cash cropping on the economic well-being of agrarian households in the Mid-hills of Nepal. On an individual crop basis, tomatoes and potatoes were the most profitable. On a per farm basis, 50 of the households with positive farm gross margins grew at least one vegetable crop, while only 25 of households with negative farm gross margins included vegetable crops in their rotation. Farmers have been hesitant to produce primarily for the market given the rudimentary infrastructure and high variability in prices. Farmers reported selling more crops, but when corrected for inflation, gross revenues declined over time. The costs and benefits of developing markets have been unevenly distributed with small holders unable to capitalize on market opportunities, and wealthier farmers engaging in input intensive cash cropping. Farms growing vegetables had an average gross margin of US$137 per year compared to US$12 per year for farms growing only staple crops. However, the area under production is small, and while vegetable production is likely to continue increasing, sensitivity analysis and scenarios suggest high variability and limited short-term impact on poverty alleviation.Sandra Brown is a Senior Research Associate jointly appointed to the Institute for Resources and Environment, University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada and the Communities and Watersheds Program at the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture in Cali, Colombia. Her research interests are in gender and equity issues in natural resource management, and linking biophysical and socio-economic research approaches. Sandra works extensively in watershed management both within Canada and internationally. She has worked extensively in the Himalayan and Andean Mountains including current projects in Nepal, China, Bhutan, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. Sandra is co-author of numerous multimedia CD-ROMs including: Gender and Resources in the Middle Mountains of Nepal, Integrated Watershed Management, and Water in International Development. She has developed and delivered numerous educational programs including courses on gender and natural resources, watershed management, and innovative technologies in teaching and research. George Kennedy is an Associate Professor in Food and Resource Economics and the Director of International Programs in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver Canada. His research interests are in agricultural development and internationalizing higher education. Within this capacity, George is the UBC coordinator for the Southeast Asian University Consortium for Graduate Education in Agriculture. In 2002, he won the Association of Universities and Colleges in Canada Award for Excellence in Internationalization for the Global Resource Systems Program in the category Broadening the Student Experience.  相似文献   

The toxicokinetics of benzo[a]pyrene in juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, during smoltification     

J.M. Seubert  C.J. Kennedy 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,16(5):437-447

The activities of Phase I and Phase II biotransformation enzymes in the livers of yearling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), were measured biweekly from February until the release date from the hatchery in mid-June, in order to observe any alterations in baseline levels during smoltification. Peak enzyme activities occurred in February and March and then declined through to June. Total cytochrome P450 levels ranged from 0.024±0.009 to 0.095±0.010 nmol mg^-1 microsomal protein, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity ranged from 2.74±0.75 to 9.94±0.85 pmol min^-1 mg^-1 microsomal protein, and glutathione S-transferase activity ranged from 0.07±0.01 to 0.33±0.01 μmol min^-1 mg^-1 cytosolic protein during this period. Following an intraperitoneal injection of [3H]benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), elimination occurred rapidly (>71% excreted into the bile within 24h) from February to June. Although the distribution of B[a]P in tissues changed through the sampling period, the highest leels of B[a]P-derived radioactivity were found in the liver, bile and fat. Analysis of the bile revealed that 55 to 63% of the radioactivity was Phase I metabolites, 16 to 24% glucuronide conjugates, 8% sulfate conjugates, 7% other conjugates and 6% aqueous-soluble metabolites. These findings suggest that the transformation from freshwater adapted coho ‘parr’ to ‘smolts’, can significantly alter biotransformation enzyme activities and the distribution and elimination of xenobiotics such as benzo[a]pyrene in these fish. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Resistance of Dermo in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), of North Carolina but not Chesapeake Bay Heritage     

Bonnie L Brown  Arthur J Butt  Stephen W Shelton  Donald Meritt  & Kennedy T Paynter 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(14):1391-1399

Growth, intensity of Perkinsus marinus (Levine) infection, and survival of synchronously spawned North Carolina (NC) and Chesapeake Bay‐heritage (CB) oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) were evaluated under standard tray culture conditions at several sites in both regions (Wye River, Maryland; Mobjack Bay, Virginia; Pamlico River, NC and Bogue Banks, NC). Infection prevalence reached 100% in oysters held at all high‐ and moderate‐salinity sites, at which time the CB strain ceased to grow. Shortly after growth ceased, CB oysters exhibited mortality that rapidly progressed to 100%. Unlike the CB strain, growth continued in the NC strain despite high P. marinus prevalence. When mortality did occur in the NC strain, at a reduced rate of 37–40%, it was associated with higher intensity of P. marinus than the infection intensity correlated with death of CB oysters. At the low‐salinity site in NC, P. marinus infection persisted at low weighted prevalence throughout the latter portion of the culture period but was not associated with mortality of either strain. These trends in growth and disease resistance for the two strains demonstrate that aquaculture performance is related to the level of disease resistance in oyster strains, salinity of water in growing areas and virulence of P. marinus.  相似文献   

European eels, Anguilla anguilla (L.), infected with Anguillicola crassus exhibit a more pronounced stress response to severe hypoxia than uninfected eels     

Gollock MJ  Kennedy CR  Brown JA 《Journal of fish diseases》2005,28(7):429-436

The parasite, Anguillicola crassus is a non-native species that infects naive European eels, Anguilla anguilla, and causes pathological damage to the swimbladder, potentially compromising their ability to cope with hypoxic conditions. This study aimed to elucidate whether anguillicolosis exacerbates the stress responses to exposure to hypoxic water, conditions that have been implicated in mass mortalities of wild infected European eels. Blood parameters in infected and uninfected eels were measured during exposure to severe hypoxia over an 8-h period. Infected fish showed significantly higher levels of plasma cortisol compared with uninfected eels after 4 h of hypoxia. Uninfected fish showed an almost twofold increase in plasma glucose after 8-h exposure to hypoxia but infected fish showed no significant change, so that the plasma glucose concentration was significantly higher in uninfected eels than in infected eels. Both groups showed similar elevations in blood haematocrit, suggesting a similar catecholamine response in infected and uninfected eels. The lack of a hyperglycaemic response in infected eels, despite indirect evidence of a catecholamine response to hypoxia, may reflect an increase in glucose turnover. The data suggest that anguillicolosis results in a significantly greater corticosteroid stress response to hypoxia accompanied by a higher metabolic cost.  相似文献   

Survival of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.) Stocked as Summerlings and Autumn Fingerlings in Two Northern Ireland Lakes     

G. J. A. Kennedy  C. D. Strange  G. O. O'Neill 《Aquaculture Research》1984,15(1):1-7

The survival of 0+ brown trout, spray-marked with fluorescent pigment and stocked in two angling lakes as summerlings and autumn fingerlings, was assessed by netting exercises. About twice as many autumn fingerlings as summerlings survived the first winter after stocking, and in one lake the percentage survival of the two groups was estimated at 31.0% and 15.2% respectively. Survival to age 2+ was estimated to be in the range 5.7–9.7% for summerlings, and from 15.1% to 16.6% for autumn fingerlings. The best survival for both groups was obtained in the most productive lake, where condition factors and growth rates were the highest. The results were assessed in economic terms, and the cost per 2+ fish in each lake was more expensive from both summerling and autumn fingerling stocking than from direct introductions of fish-farm, two-year-old trout.  相似文献   

Experiments on the Descent and Feeding of Hatchery-reared Salmon smolts (Salmo salarL.) in the River Bush     

G. J. A. Kennedy  C. D. Strange  R. J. D. Anderson  P. M. Johnston 《Aquaculture Research》1984,15(1):15-25

Marked hatchery-reared smolts were released into the River Bush on the 1 May and 19 May 1980. and the time for their descent to trapping facilities was monitored. Of the smolts recaptured in each experiment 56.2% and 75.8% respectively descended the 3.5 km to the traps within 48 h, and the overall patterns of their downstream movements were found to be correlated to that of wild smolts. Smolts migrating from control tanks did so more slowly than those released into the river, and were not correlated with the movements of wild smolts. The feeding of recaptured hatchery smolts was compared with that of wild smolts for up to 11 days after the start of each experiment. It was found that most invertebrate groupings were not consumed at significantly different levels in the two groups, and that hatchery-reared fish began feeding on invertebrate food within 9 hours of release.  相似文献   

Use of Smartphone Technology for Small-Scale Silviculture: A Test of Low-Cost Technology in Eastern Ontario     

Richard Kennedy  Robert McLeman  Mike Sawada  Jan Smigielski 《Small-Scale Forestry》2014,13(1):101-115

This study examined the potential use of low-cost consumer-grade smartphone technology to perform and improve field data collection in support of small-scale forest management. This proof-of-concept exercise for day-to-day forester operations focused on the effectiveness of the smartphone platform (form factor and functionality) rather than any particular smartphone software. An electronic data acquisition system for a smartphone was developed that combined a simple custom timber cruise application and mobile commercial mapping software to record and process forest stand and geospatial information, and transfer these to a small-scale operator’s existing desktop geographic information system. Workflow efficiency and system performance of the smartphone system was then measured and compared with paper-based methods presently being used in the managed forest. The smartphone greatly increased workflow efficiency by reducing data transfer and processing times, and eliminated the need to carry separate global positioning system (GPS) device, map, paper forms and digital camera. The GPS accuracy of the smartphone was more than adequate to meet operational requirements, and provided a capacity to map forest features on an ad hoc basis that is not easily done through the paper-based process. However, initial data entry using the smartphone takes longer than using paper-based notes, there is a greater chance of data entry error through inadvertent keypad touches on the small screen, and there is the potential for a device malfunction. Overall, it is concluded that smartphones offer an opportunity for small-scale operators to create electronic field data management systems that are affordable, operationally robust, compatible with existing management systems, capable of increasing data management efficiency and, in particular, expanding the types of data that can be collected during silvicultural operations.  相似文献   

Induced maturation and spawning: opportunities and applications for research on oogenesis     

Craig V. Sullivan  Naoshi Hiramatsu  Alanna M. Kennedy  Robert W. Clark  Gregory M. Weber  Takahiro Matsubara  Akihiko Hara 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):481-486

Broodstock management requires the ability to detect and regulate oocyte growth, acquisition of maturational competence, maturation of oocytes, and onset of ovarian atresia. Our research on temperate basses (genus Morone) has supported development of these capabilities. These investigations have revealed that accumulation of neutral lipid droplets and deposition of vitellogenin-derived yolk proteins in growing oocytes are independent processes with different sensitivities to changing day length and water temperature. In these fishes, completion of oocyte growth is marked by disappearance of vitellogenin from ovarian biopsy samples. Competence of females for induced spawning is predicted by the ability of biopsied follicles to initiate oocyte meiosis in vitro in response to insulin-like growth factor I. Cytoplasmic maturation of the oocytes is triggered by the maturation-inducing steroid hormone and can be monitored by evaluating degradation of the yolk proteins. Onset of ovarian atresia is indicated by the appearance of edema in the granulosa cell layer of biopsied follicles, and can be delayed for months by holding gravid females at abnormally low temperature (`cold banking'). These novel findings hold strong promise for application to other farmed fishes.  相似文献