Assessment of intake inadequacy and food sources of zinc of people in China     

Ma G  Li Y  Jin Y  Du S  Kok FJ  Yang X 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(8):848-854

OBJECTIVES: To assess the intake inadequacy and food sources of zinc of people in China. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Diets of 68 962 subjects aged 2-101 years (urban 21 103, rural 47,859) in the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey were analysed. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour recall for three consecutive days. Zinc intake inadequacy was calculated based on values suggested by the World Health Organization. RESULTS: The median zinc intake ranged from 4.9 mg day- 1 (urban girls, 2-3 years) to 11.9 mg day-1 (rural males, 19+ years). The zinc density of urban residents (2-3 to 19+ years) was 5.0-5.3 mg day-1 (1000 kcal)-1, significantly higher than that of their rural counterparts (4.7-4.8 mg day-1 (1000 kcal)-1). Differences in food sources of zinc from cereal grains (27.4-45.1 vs. 51.6-63.2%) and animal foods (28.4-54.8 vs. 16.8-30.6%) were found between urban and rural residents. Zinc from vegetables and fruits (8.2-13.8 vs. 9.7-12.4%) and legumes (1.3-3.3 vs. 2.5-3.4%) was comparable between urban and rural residents. The proportion of zinc intake inadequacy ranged between 2.8% (urban females, 19+ years) and 29.4% (rural lactating women). Rural residents had higher proportions of zinc intake inadequacy than their urban counterparts. Significantly higher proportions of zinc inadequacy were found in the category of phytate/zinc molar ratio >15 for both rural and urban residents. CONCLUSIONS: About 20% of rural children are at risk of inadequate zinc intake, with phytate as a potential important inhibitor. Moreover, lactating women are also considered a vulnerable group.  相似文献   

Quantification of allele E198A in beta-tubulin conferring benzimidazole resistance in Monilinia fructicola using real-time PCR     

Luo Y  Ma Z  Michailides TJ 《Pest management science》2007,63(12):1178-1184

BACKGROUND: Thiophanate-methyl, a member of the benzimidazole class of fungicides, is used in California to control brown rot of stone fruit caused by Monilinia fructicola (G. Wint.) Honey. The goal of this study was to develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay as an efficient method to quantify the E198A allele of beta-tubulin that confers benzimidazole resistance. RESULTS: Using the real-time PCR assay, the frequency of allele E198A (FEA) in a population was determined from the quantities of DNA amplified with the E198A allele-specific primer pair HRF/HRR and the M. fructicola-specific primer pair MfF6/MfR6. The average proportions of highly resistant isolates determined with the conventional fungicide sensitivity method were within the range of average FEA values determined with the real-time PCR assay. We also determined the FEAs of M. fructicola populations sampled from 21 stone fruit orchards in California. Only one orchard showed a high FEA over 0.20, seven orchards had values between 0.01 and 0.1, and 13 orchards had values less than 0.01. CONCLUSION: The real-time PCR assay developed in this study provides a potentially useful tool to efficiently quantify benzimidazole resistance for large M. fructicola populations.  相似文献   

中国农田生态系统氮素平衡模型的建立及其应用   总被引：14，自引：7，他引：7  

王激清  马文奇  江荣风  张福锁 《农业工程学报》2007,23(8):210-215

借助物质流分析中"输入=输出+盈余"的物质守恒原理,以氮素养分为介质建立中国农田生态系统氮素平衡模型,然后用2004年中国农业统计资料和文献查询获取的参数,估算中国不同地区的氮养分输入输出以及养分盈余并分析养分产生的环境效应。模型计算结果表明,2004年农田生态系统通过挥发、反硝化、植株蒸腾、淋溶径流和侵蚀等途径损失的氮为1132.8万t,盈余在农田生态系统土壤中的氮为1301.2万t;通过损失途径进入环境中的氮养分和盈余在农田生态系统中的单位面积耕地氮养分负荷高风险地区均集中在中国的东南沿海和部分中部地区。优化化学氮肥用量,有机氮肥与化学氮肥配合施用是降低农田生态系统氮养分污染潜势的最基本措施,针对中国不同地区因地制宜地制定合理种植结构和推广农田精准化施肥也是十分必要的。  相似文献   

中国发展竹质能源的重要意义与建议     

史军义  刘锦超  周德群  马丽莎  姚俊  李志伟 《世界竹藤通讯》2022,20(5):68

竹质能源是生物质能源的重要组成部分,具有热值高、污染低、分布广、储量大、可再生等特点,应用前景广阔,发展潜力巨大,中国发展竹质能源具有重要意义。文章认为,发展竹质能源是竹产业创新发展的重要途径,是助力“双碳”目标实现、推动竹林碳汇健康发展、提高低品质土地利用价值的有益探索;应制定竹质能源的产业扶持政策、开展能源用竹的新品种研发和定向培育、加大竹质能源生产的试验示范,以推动中国竹质能源产业的发展。  相似文献   

水氮耦合对沙培黄瓜光合生理特性的影响     

马新超  轩正英  杨宏基  张凯浩  高亚宁  谭占明  王旭峰 《山东农业科学》2022,54(5):110-119

本试验以“优胜美”水果黄瓜为试材,设置灌水水平和施氮量两因素,采用二次饱和D-最优设计,共设7个处理,测定分析不同处理沙培黄瓜叶片的净光合速率、叶绿素含量、光响应特征参数、RuBP羧化酶活性等指标,以明确水氮耦合对日光温室沙培黄瓜光合生理特性的影响。结果表明：低施氮量处理黄瓜叶片各项光合生理指标和干物质积累量均较低,胞间CO₂浓度增大;增加灌水水平和施氮量均可提高叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率,且高水高氮下能获得最高的蒸腾速率,适宜的灌水水平下增施氮肥能获得较大的净光合速率、气孔导度值、瞬时水分利用效率、叶绿素含量和RuBP羧化酶活性。灌水水平为80.20%～100%、施氮量为623～1 250 kg/hm²的各处理可以有效改善叶片光响应特征;灌水水平和施氮量与总干物质积累量之间呈开口向下的抛物线趋势,但灌水水平对总干物质积累量的影响并不显著。通过对沙培黄瓜叶片光合生理指标与干物质积累量的相关性分析可知,进入初瓜期后黄瓜叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶绿素含量及光响应特征参数与其干物质积累量有明显的正相关关系。本试验条件下,T4处理为最优水氮耦合方案（...  相似文献   

羊粪有机肥对洛阳植烟土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响     

李正辉  殷全玉  马君红  孟祥瑞  李丽华  周俊学  王玉洁  刘国顺  石秋环 《山东农业科学》2022,54(5):84-97

本试验通过研究植烟土壤中微生物群落结构和功能类群对羊粪有机肥的响应,为洛阳烟区应用有机肥改良植烟土壤提供科学依据。试验设4个处理：不施肥(CK)、仅施化肥(T1)、50%饼肥氮+50%化肥氮(T2)、50%羊粪有机肥氮+50%化肥氮(T3),采用高通量测序技术分析烟草旺长期各处理土壤微生物群落结构及功能类群。结果表明：(1)有机肥明显改变了植烟土壤微生物群落结构的alpha多样性。与饼肥处理相比,羊粪有机肥降低了烟草土壤细菌群落结构的多样性和丰富度,但是提高了真菌群落结构的多样性和均匀度。(2)beta多样性分析显示有机肥处理土壤微生物群落结构与单施化肥处理明显不同,羊粪有机肥和饼肥处理间真菌群落结构差异较大。(3)优势细菌类群分析：有机肥增加了放线菌门和变形菌门的相对丰度,降低了酸杆菌门的相对丰度,其中饼肥处理放线菌门丰度增加更为显著,羊粪有机肥处理变形菌门丰度增加幅度较大。LEfSe分析表明,T1处理红色杆菌纲和红色杆菌目显著富集,T2样本中放线菌门、放线菌纲、Frankiales目显著富集,T3处理样本中鞘脂单胞菌科、鞘脂单胞菌目和丙酸杆菌目显著富集。(4)优势真菌类群分析：有机...  相似文献   

Rapid evolution of Ophraella communa cold tolerance in new low-temperature environments     

Tian  Zhenqi  Chen  Guangmei  Zhang  Yan  Ma  Chao  Tian  Zhenya  Gao  Xuyuan  Chen  Hongsong  Guo  Jianying  Zhou  Zhongshi 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(3):1233-1244

Low winter temperatures severely stress newly arriving insect species. Adaptive evolutionary changes in cold tolerance can facilitate their establishment in new environments. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, a noxious invasive plant, occurs throughout China. Ophraella communa, a biological control agent of A. artemisiifolia, mainly occurs in southern China. However, in 2012, it established populations in Beijing (39.98°N, 115.97°E) following introduction from Laibin (23.62°N, 109.37°E), implying cold adaptation. The mechanisms underlying its rapid evolution of cold tolerance remain unknown. We investigated the levels of cryoprotectants and energy reserves in adult O. communa from two latitudes. In high-latitude insects, we found high trehalose, proline, glycerol, total sugar, and lipid levels; five potential genes (Tret1a, Tret1b, Tret1-2, P5CS, and GST), responsible for regulating cold tolerance and involved in trehalose transport, proline biosynthesis, and glutathione S-transferase activation, were highly expressed. These hybridisation changes could facilitate cold temperature adaptation. We demonstrate the genetic basis underlying rapid adaptation of cold tolerance in O. communa, explaining its extension to higher latitudes. Thus, specialist herbivores can follow host plants by adapting to new temperature environments via rapid genetic evolution.

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Survival,growth and photochemical efficiency of silver fir seedlings produced with different technologies     

Robakowski  Piotr  Pietrzak  Tomasz  Kowalkowski  Wojciech  Małecki  Grzegorz 《New Forests》2021,52(6):1055-1077

New Forests - Forest tree seedling production technologies impact reforestation success determined with survival and quality of seedlings. Five Abies alba seedling production technologies were...  相似文献   

水生植物对富营养化水体去除氮磷研究     

刘建英  刘玉华  刘国华  马爱军 《江苏林业科技》2021,48(5):48-52

选取5种典型水生植物菖蒲、千屈菜、旱伞草、水葫芦、黑藻,研究各单种植物单元对模拟富营养化水体生态系统的净化效果.结果表明:5种水生植物均能在富营养化水体中正常生长,对水体中的氮、磷均有一定的净化效果.5种植物去氮能力的大小依次为水葫芦>黑藻>旱伞草>菖蒲>千屈菜,5种植物去磷能力的大小依次为水葫芦>旱伞草>黑藻>菖蒲>千屈菜;5种植物对氮的累积率为10.49％—60.73％,对磷的累积率为13.45％—43.55％;5种植物对氮、磷的去除贡献率分别为61.65％—75.93％,45.66％—68.81％.试验证明,5种植物均可有效应用于城市富营养化水体中氮、磷的净化.  相似文献   

Different drought-adaptive capacity of a native Patagonian tree species (Nothofagus pumilio) resulting from local adaptation     

Soliani  Carolina  Mattera  Ma. Gabriela  Marchelli  Paula  Azpilicueta  Ma. Marta  Dalla-Salda  Guillermina 《European Journal of Forest Research》2021,140(5):1147-1161

European Journal of Forest Research - The resistance of different genotypes to abiotic stress may be due to genetic effects and/or to phenotypic plasticity allowing them to acclimate to variable...  相似文献