The reproductive performance of dairy cows with anovulatory anoestrus that were injected with either gonadotrophin-releasing hormone or oestradiol benzoate as part of a re-treatment process after insemination     

Segwagwe BV  Malmo J  Macmillan KL  Mansell PD 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2007,78(1):6-11

This experiment compared the reproductive performance of synchronised anoestrous dairy cows that were treated initially with a combination of progesterone and oestradiol benzoate and then with either gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or oestradiol benzoate to resynchronise returns to service. It was hypothesised that injecting anoestrous dairy cows with GnRH 12-15 days after insemination and coinciding with the time of insertion of a controlled intravaginal progesterone-releasing (CIDR) device would increase conception rates to the preceding 1st insemination compared with oestradiol benzoate treated cows; both GnRH and oestradiol benzoate would resynchronising the returns to service of those cows that did not conceive to the preceding insemination. Groups of cows in 11 herds were presented for a veterinary examination after they had not been seen in oestrus postpartum. Those cows diagnosed with anovulatory anoestrus (n = 1112) by manual rectal palpation and/or ultrasonography were enrolled in the trial. Each enrolled cow was injected with 2 mg oestradiol benzoate i.m. on Day -10, (where Day 0 was the 1st day of the planned insemination) concurrently with vaginal insertion of a CIDR device. The device inserted was withdrawn on Day -2 and then each cow injected i.m. with 1 mg of oestradiol benzoate on Day -1 unless it was in oestrus. Observation for oestrus preceded each insemination. Every cow that had been inseminated on Days -1,0,1 or 2 was presented for treatment for resynchrony on Day 14 (n = 891). They were divided into 2 groups; those with an even number were each injected i.m. with 250 microg of a GnRH agonist (Treatment group n = 477); each of the cows with an odd number injected i.m. with 1 mg of oestradiol benzoate (control group, n = 414). Each GnRH or oestradiol benzoate injection preceded reinsertion of a CIDR device previously inserted from Days -10 to -2. It was withdrawn on Day 22, 24 hours before injecting 1 mg oestradiol benzoate. Cows observed in oestrus were submitted for a 2nd insemination. Every enrolled cow still present in the herd was pregnancy tested by palpation of uterine contents per rectum about 6 weeks later and again at the end of a herd's seasonal breeding programme. The alternative use of GnRH instead of oestradiol benzoate did not affect the percentage of cows conceiving within 3 days of the mating start date (MSD) (35.6 % vs 35.3 %, P = 0.90), resubmission rates for a 2nd insemination among cows not pregnant to the 1st insemination (81.6 % vs 83.5 %, P = 0.41), 6-week pregnancy rate (59.3 % vs 60.6 %, P = 0.65), 21-weekpregnancy rate (86.6 vs 85.0, P = 0.36), mean interval from MSD to conception (32.5 +/- 1.8 days vs 29.9 +/- 1.8 days, P = 0.26) or conception rate of cows reinseminated by Day 28 (43.3 % vs 38.8 %, P = 0.39). When GnRH was compared with oestradiol benzoate, it did not increase conception rates to the 1st service; it was as effective as oestradiol benzoate in synchronising returns to service in previously treated anoestrous cows that did not conceive to the 1st service. Its use affected neither conception rates to the preceding 1st inseminations nor to the following 2nd inseminations.  相似文献   

ACTH stimulation test in the captive cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)     

Köster LS  Schoeman JP  Meltzer DG 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2007,78(3):133-136

Serum cortisol response was assessed in 8 captive cheetahs, of varying ages, after the intravenous administration of 500 microg of tetracosactide (Synacthen Depot, Novartis, Kempton Park) while maintained under general anaesthesia. In addition, 8 cheetahs were anaesthetised and given an equal volume of saline in order to establish baseline cortisol concentrations at similar stages of anaesthesia. A significant difference in the median cortisol concentration measured over time was found following ACTH administration in the ACTH group (P < 0.001). There was no difference between the median cortisol concentrations in the ACTH group at time-points 120, 150 and 180 min after ACTH stimulation (P = 0.867). Thus it appears appropriate to collect serum 120 to 180 min after tetracosactide administration to assess maximal stimulation of the adrenal in the cheetah. No statistically significant rise was seen in the anaesthetised control group following the injection of saline (P = 0.238).  相似文献   

Hyperzincaemia in a pet African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse, 1840)     

Cooper RG  Erlwanger KH 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2007,78(3):163-165

Presented is an African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus) following zinc ingestion. The sick rat was lethargic, withdrawn, had soft, mucus-impregnated faeces and diahorrea, foot twitching and icterus. Comparative age, sex and body weight (b.wt.)-matched analyses were made with a healthy giant rat. Twelve-hourly Urine volume (UV), Haematocrit (Hct), urinary glucose, plasma zinc and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) were performed over an 8-week period. Full blood counts were performed and differential WBC counts and microscopic observations were made on blood smears obtained from both healthy and sick rats. Consecutive blood samples were drawn at the end of each week (Weeks <2-6 treatment; Weeks 7-8 post-treatment). Treatment involved oral vitamin B12 supplement at 4 microg/day and 2 ml diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) intramuscular injections at 1 ml/450g b.wt./5 wks (Week 2 - 6). Day 1 showed neutropaenia, Heinz bodies on RBCs (reticulocytes and immature forms). Zinc (Day 1 - end Week 7), glucose (Day 1 - end Week 4), ALP (Day 1 -Week 4) and UV were elevated (Day 1 - end Week 6). Indications of moderate zinc toxicosis following ingestion and stress-associated glucosuria were concluded.  相似文献   

A ten-year review of commercial vaccine performance for control of tick infestations on cattle   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

de la Fuente J  Almazán C  Canales M  Pérez de la Lastra JM  Kocan KM  Willadsen P 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2007,8(1):23-28

Ticks are important ectoparasites of domestic and wild animals, and tick infestations economically impact cattle production worldwide. Control of cattle tick infestations has been primarily by application of acaricides which has resulted in selection of resistant ticks and environmental pollution. Herein we discuss data from tick vaccine application in Australia, Cuba, Mexico and other Latin American countries. Commercial tick vaccines for cattle based on the Boophilus microplus Bm86 gut antigen have proven to be a feasible tick control method that offers a cost-effective, environmentally friendly alternative to the use of acaricides. Commercial tick vaccines reduced tick infestations on cattle and the intensity of acaricide usage, as well as increasing animal production and reducing transmission of some tick-borne pathogens. Although commercialization of tick vaccines has been difficult owing to previous constraints of antigen discovery, the expense of testing vaccines in cattle, and company restructuring, the success of these vaccines over the past decade has clearly demonstrated their potential as an improved method of tick control for cattle. Development of improved vaccines in the future will be greatly enhanced by new and efficient molecular technologies for antigen discovery and the urgent need for a tick control method to reduce or replace the use of acaricides, especially in regions where extensive tick resistance has occurred.  相似文献   

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: clinical and morphologic findings in nine affected Polish Owczarek Nizinny (PON) dogs     

Narfström K  Wrigstad A  Ekesten B  Berg AL 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2007,10(2):111-120

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical and morphologic features of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) in the Polish Owczarek Nizinny (PON) breed of dog. ANIMALS: Nine Swedish PON dogs of both sexes were included in the study. PROCEDURE: All dogs underwent a detailed clinical evaluation, with emphasis on ophthalmic exams. Histopathology and electron microscopy were performed on the eyes, brain and various internal organs. Immunohistochemical staining for detection of sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs) and mitochondrial ATP synthase (SCMAS) was performed on the eyes and brain. RESULTS: The dogs showed behavioral abnormalities, motor disturbances and visual impairment or blindness. Pupillary responses were abnormal while fundus changes varied from normal to severe retinal atrophy. Electroretinography (ERG) showed variable changes, from slight alterations in the process of dark adaptation to severely reduced or nonrecordable ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes. Histopathology revealed intracytoplasmic storage bodies within neurons of the brain and in retinal cells, especially the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Round to oval granular type of inclusion bodies, known as granular osmiophilic dense deposits (GRODS), were found in neuronal cells in the brain and in the retina. Immunohistochemistry identified the storage material in the brain and retina as consisting of SAPs. CONCLUSION: The presently described NCL disease in PON dogs shows similarities to previously recorded cases in the Miniature Schnauzer. The closest human equivalent to this disease is infantile NCL (CLN1), in which the major stored proteins are SAPs and the ultrastructure of the inclusion bodies of neuronal cells is granular.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the efficacy of tulathromycin as a metaphylactic antimicrobial in feedlot calves     

Booker CW  Abutarbush SM  Schunicht OC  Jim GK  Perrett T  Wildman BK  Guichon PT  Pittman TJ  Jones C  Pollock CM 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2007,8(3):183-200

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of tulathromycin (DRAX) versus tilmicosin (MIC) or oxytetracycline (TET) as a metaphylactic antimicrobial in feedlot calves. Calves that received DRAX had significantly (P<.05) lower initial undifferentiated fever (UF) treatment and relapse rates; lower overall chronicity, overall mortality, and cause-specific mortality rates; higher average daily gains; and improved quality grades. However, calves that received DRAX also had poorer (P<.05) yield grades compared with calves that received MIC or TET and worse feed conversion compared with calves that received MIC. Net advantages in the DRAX group were 3.79CanDollars/animal and 16.96CanDollars/animal compared with the MIC and TET groups, respectively. Based on these results, DRAX is a more efficacious and cost-effective metaphylactic antimicrobial than MIC or TET in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing UF. In addition, this study presents a comparison between two methods ("deads out" and "deads in") of calculating feedlot performance variables.  相似文献   

Non-structural protein 3A for differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease infected and vaccinated animals in Haryana (India)     

Kumar N  Sharma R  Kakker NK 《Zoonoses and public health》2007,54(9-10):376-382

There are severe international trade restrictions on foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affected areas. Because of endemic nature of FMD, India started FMD control programme (FMD-CP) using mass vaccination in selected states including Haryana (year 2003). Although no significant incidence of the disease was reported after launching FMD-CP in the state but in order to participate in international trade of animal and animal products, veterinary authorities have to prove that there is no FMD virus (FMDV) circulation in the animal population, for which it is necessary to differentiate the FMD infected and vaccinated animals. For this purpose, an in-house indirect ELISA utilizing baculovirus-expressed FMDV non-structural protein (NSP) 3A was used to find evidence for virus circulation (prevalence of anti-NSP 3A-specific antibodies) by examining serum samples that were collected either before start of FMD-CP or after completion of third phase (Pre-4th) of vaccination in Haryana (India). A significant reduction (P < 0.01) in prevalence of anti-NSP 3A-specific antibodies (possibly carriers) was observed 2 years after launching FMD-CP in Haryana. However, in cattle the percentage of animals with anti-NSP 3A-specific antibodies was found to be significantly higher (P < 0.01) than buffalo, both before (P < 0.01) and after (P < 0.01) launching FMD-CP in the state. The findings of this study suggest that use of FMDV vaccine in cattle and buffaloes in endemic areas reduces virus circulation (carriers) in the vaccinated herds and that the current 3ANSP-ELISA can be successfully used to monitor the FMDV circulation in endemic areas.  相似文献   

Application of peracetic acid and quarternary ammonium disinfectants as a part of sanitary treatment in a poultry house and poultry processing plant     

Kasková A  Ondrasovicová O  Vargová M  Ondrasovic M  Venglovský J 《Zoonoses and public health》2007,54(3-4):125-130

Hygiene and sanitation play a major role in any effective disease control programme for poultry production and processing premises. Various deficiencies in disinfection may induce that chains of infections are not broken from one stock to another. The present study investigated the efficacy of disinfection on a broiler farm and in a plant processing poultry from the investigated farm. Besides inspection of disinfection, the influence of contamination on broiler carcasses and consequences of this contamination on sanitation of the processing lines were studied. Swabs from surfaces coming into contact with the handled raw material were taken and evaluated. The results obtained by a standard microbiological swab method were evaluated and compared with an ATP-bioluminescence method. The investigations included determination of total counts of microorganisms, coliform bacteria and moulds. When employing the standard plate-count method, the total counts of microorganisms (TCM) reached <1, 1-100 and >100 CFU in 0, 12 and 88% swabs on poultry farm and in 22%, 36% and 42% swabs in the processing plant, respectively. The bioluminescence method was used only in the processing plant and contamination corresponding to <100, 100-300 and >300 relative light units (RLU) was detected in 80%, 10% and 10% swabs respectively.  相似文献   

Adjuvant immunotherapy of feline fibrosarcoma with recombinant feline interferon-omega     

Hampel V  Schwarz B  Kempf C  Köstlin R  Schillinger U  Küchenhoff H  Fenske N  Brill T  Hirschberger J 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(6):1340-1346

BACKGROUND: Recombinant feline interferon-omega (rFeIFN-omega) was tested as a treatment option for cats with fibrosarcoma to assess safety and feasibility. HYPOTHESIS: Treatment with rFeIFN-omega in cats with fibrosarcoma is safe and feasible. ANIMALS: Twenty domestic cats. METHODS: In an open-labeled uncontrolled clinical trial 12 injections of 1 x 10(6) U/kg rFeIFN-omega were administered over a 5-week period: the 1st through 4th injections were given intratumorally, and the 5th through 12th injections were administered subcutaneously at the tumor excision site. Wide surgical excision of the tumors was carried out after the 4th injection and before the 5th injection of rFeIFN-omega. A Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) analysis was conducted. Flow cytometry of fibrosarcoma cells after incubation with rFeIFN-omega and recombinant feline interferon-gamma was performed to assess the biological effect of rFeIFN-omega. RESULTS: Changes in blood cell count, increases in serum aspartate-amino-transferase activity, serum bilirubin concentration, serum creatinine and serum electrolyte concentrations, weight loss, anorexia, increased body temperature, and reduced general condition were observed but were mostly minor (grade 1 and 2) and self limiting. Eosinophilia (P = .025), neutropenia (P = .021), and weight loss (P < .001) were statistically correlated with rFeIFN-omega-treatment (analysis of parameters before treatment and after 3 injections of rFeIFN-omega). Flow cytometry of 5 unrelated feline fibrosarcoma cell lines showed increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules (P = .026) in response to in vitro incubation with rFeIFN-omega, whereas expression of MHC class II molecules was not affected significantly. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: RFeIFN-omega for the treatment of feline fibrosarcoma is safe, well tolerated, and can be easily performed in practice. To assess the efficacy of the treatment, it should be tested in a placebo-controlled trial.  相似文献   

A neurologic syndrome in Golden Retrievers presenting as a sensory ataxic neuropathy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jäderlund KH  Orvind E  Johnsson E  Matiasek K  Hahn CN  Malm S  Hedhammar A 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(6):1307-1315

BACKGROUND: A sensory ataxic neuropathy has been observed in Swedish Golden Retrievers recently. ANIMALS: Twenty-one affected Golden Retrievers. METHODS: Clinical and neurologic status, electrophysiologic, and pathologic status as well as pedigree analyses were evaluated. RESULTS: Clinical signs had an insidious onset between 2 and 8 months of age and a slowly progressive course. Affected dogs were ataxic and dysmetric. They had abnormal postural reactions and decreased spinal reflexes but no apparent muscle atrophy. Clinical pathology, radiography, and electrophysiology of motor systems were all within reference values. Sensory nerve conduction results of affected dogs were significantly different from those of a group of control dogs. Necropsy revealed a chronic progressive central and peripheral sensorimotor axonopathy; the proprioceptive pathways were most severely affected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This disease in these Golden Retrievers is distinct from other canine breed-related neurodegenerative diseases or hereditary neurodegenerative diseases described in humans. Pedigree analyses indicated a hereditary background, but the mode of inheritance could not be established.  相似文献