Formulation and Physicochemical and Sensorial Evaluation of Biscuit-Type Cookies Supplemented with Fruit Powders     

Ana Maria Athayde Uchoa  José Maria Correia da Costa  Geraldo Arraes Maia  Tatyane Ribeiro Meira  Paulo Henrrique Machado Sousa  Isabella Montenegro Brasil 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(2):153-159

Cashew apple and guava residues from fruit juice industry were prepared as dehydrated fruit powders and used at different levels of wheat flour substitution for cookies formulations. The effects of guava and cashew apple fruit powders supplementation on physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of the cookies were evaluated. The pH, fibre and protein content were significantly affected. Biscuits with 15 g and 20 g/100g cashew apple and guava fruit powders showed the highest scores for sensorial attributes, respectively. The supplementation seems to be suited for wheat flour substitution and it is possible to obtain cookies with value-added food ingredient within the standards.  相似文献   

Inheritance and heritability of resistance to citrus leprosis     

Bastianel M  de Oliveira AC  Cristofani M  Filho OG  Freitas-Astúa J  Rodrigues V  Astúa-Monge G  Machado MA 《Phytopathology》2006,96(10):1092-1096

ABSTRACT The genetic inheritance of resistance to leprosis, the most important viral disease of citrus in Brazil, was characterized through the phenotypic assessment of 143 hybrids resulting from crosses between tangor 'Murcott' (Citrus sinensis x C. reticulata) and sweet orange 'Pêra' (C. sinensis), considered to be resistant and susceptible to the disease, respectively. All plants were grafted onto Rangpur lime (C. limonia) and inoculated with Citrus leprosis virus, cytoplasmic type through the infestation with viruliferous mites, Brevipalpus phoenicis. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized block design with 10 replicates. Incidence and severity of the disease in leaves and stems as well as plant growth parameters (plant height and stem diameter) were recorded for 3 years after the infestation with the viruliferous mites. The average values of all variables were analyzed using principal component analysis, discriminant factorial analysis, estimation of the clonal repeatability coefficients, and frequency of the distributions of the average values for each measured variable. The principal component analysis resulted in the identification of at least two groups with resistance and susceptibility to leprosis, respectively. About 99% of all hybrids were correctly classified according to the discriminant factorial analysis. The broad-sense heritability coefficients for characteristics associated with incidence and severity of leprosis ranged from 0.88 to 0.96. The data suggest that the inheritance of resistance to leprosis may be controlled by only a few genes.  相似文献   

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies against Toxocara vitulorum in water buffaloes     

Starke-Buzetti WA  Machado RZ  Zocoller-Seno MC 《Veterinary parasitology》2001,97(1):55-64

Toxocara vitulorum, a parasite of the small intestine of cattle and water buffaloes, is mainly acquired by calves via the colostrum/milk from infected cows. To understand the development of immune responses in calves, antibody levels to a soluble extract antigen (Ex) from T. vitulorum infective larvae were measured by an indirect ELISA with sera of 15 buffalo calves, which were sampled every 15 days for the first 180 days after birth and 9 buffalo cows during the perinatal period. From all serum samples examined during the first 180 days, antibody level was lowest and highest in calves at 1 day of age before and after suckling colostrum, respectively, suggesting that the origin of antibodies was the colostrum. Immediately after birth, antibody levels in suckled calves remained at high levels until day 15, began to decrease to lower levels between 15 and 30 days and remained relatively stable until 120 days. By comparing the immune responses of these animals with their parasitological status it was considered possible to determine if passively acquired or actively produced antibodies provided protection against the infection. High numbers of T. vitulorum eggs in the feces between 30 and 60 days indicated that passively acquired antibodies did not provide protection against the infection, at least during these first days, and the maximum fecal egg counts during 30-45 days were coincident with decreased antibody levels. Between 60 and 120 days, when serum antibodies were detected at reduced, but stable levels, adult nematodes were expelled from the intestines and no more T. vitulorum eggs were found, suggesting development of acquired resistance. However, the potential and functional protective role of the antibodies against T. vitulorum infection and the process of self-cure requires further investigation.  相似文献   

Morphological and morphometric characterization of domestic cat epididymal sperm     

Brenna de Sousa Barbosa  Herlon Victor Rodrigues Silva  Beatriz Evaristo de Almeida Tabosa  Thalles Gothardo Pereira Nunes  Francisco Felipe de Magalhes  Lúcia Daniel Machado da Silva 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(12):1630-1636

Sperm morphometry is the tool that confers objectivity to the morphological evaluation by accurately measuring the dimensions of the gamete and its structures. Thus, the aim of the study was to perform a morphometric characterization of the domestic cat sperm. Therefore, sperm samples were collected from twenty pairs of epididymis in a TRIS extender at 37ºC. An aliquot of the sample was used to make a smear with Rose Bengal solution, and afterwards, the morphology and morphometry were analysed. In the morphology, were quantified the percentage of normal sperm cells, morphological changes of head, midpiece and tail. In morphometry, each normal sperm cell was measured for length, width, area and perimeter of head and midpiece, tail length and total length. The parameters ellipticity, elongation, regularity and rugosity were also determined. The percentage of normal sperm was 67.21%. Of the abnormalities, the curled/folded tail, followed by the curved midpiece, abnormal shaped head and detached head were the most quantified. The sperm head presented 5.56 ± 0.01 μm and 3.10 ± 0.01 μm of length and width, respectively. The head area was 16.94 ± 0.05 μm², while the perimeter was 16.16 ± 0.03 μm. In the derived parameters, the values were as follows: ellipticity of 1.81 ± 0.00; elongation of 21.39 ± 0.12; regularity of 0.81 ± 0.00; and rugosity of 0.14 ± 0.00. The midpiece presented length and width of 7.96 ± 0.01 μm and 0.76 ± 0.01 μm, respectively. The mean length of the sperm tail was 45.12 ± 0.06 μm, and the total cell size was 58.67 ± 0.06 μm. Thus, it was concluded that the cat sperm is an elongated cell, with high rugosity and regularity. The spermatic tail represents more than ¾ of the total length of the cell and the midpiece exceeds the length of the head.  相似文献   

Intake,digestibility, microbial protein production,and nitrogen balance of lambs fed with sorghum silage partially replaced with dehydrated fruit by-products     

Almeida  Júlio César Silva  de Figueiredo  Darcilene Maria  de Azevedo  Katharine Kelly  Paixão  Mônica Lopes  Ribeiro  Enilson Geraldo  Dallago  Gabriel Machado 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(3):619-627

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of this study was to evaluate intake, digestibility, microbial protein production, and nitrogen balance of lambs fed with different dehydrated...  相似文献   

Canine ovariectomy by hybrid or total natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: technical feasibility study and pain assessment     

Marcella Teixeira Linhares  Joo Pedro Scussel Feranti  Gabriela Pesamosca Coradini  Letícia Reginato Martins  Arthur Rodrigues Martins  Vanessa Zanchi Sarturi  Felipe Baldissarella Gavioli  Marco Augusto Machado Silva  Michelli Westphal de Ataíde  Luciana Gonalves Teixeira  Maurício Veloso Brun 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(Z1):O74-O82

  相似文献   

Interactive effects of dietary fishmeal level and plant essential oils supplementation on European sea bass,Dicentrarchus labrax: Growth performance,nutrient utilization,and immunological response     

Rui A. Gonalves  Renata Serradeiro  Marina Machado  Benjamin Costas  Christine Hunger  Jorge Dias 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(6):1078-1092

The inclusion of phytogenics in fish feed is a promising strategy to compensate for the negative performance effects of replacing fishmeal (FM) with vegetable sources. The present work assessed the interactive effects of different dietary FM levels (22.5 and 10% of formulation) and the supplementation of a commercial blend of anise, citrus, and oregano essential oils (Digestarom PEP M.G.E 150) on European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax growth performance, nutrient utilization, gut morphology, antioxidant status, and immunological response over a 60‐day growth trial. Results showed decreased growth and protein efficiency ratio and increased feed conversion ratio with a low dietary FM level. In contrast, supplementation of the phytogenic product demonstrated improved performance and nutrient utilization together with increased protein and energy retention. Supplementation with the plant essential oils fully compensated for the negative intestinal changes observed in sea bass fed a low‐FM diet but showed little improvement in fish immunological response, except for the 30% increase in lysozyme activity observed in fish fed the low FM‐supplemented diet compared to those fed the standard high‐FM diet. Overall, this study supports the use of this phytogenic product in low‐FM diets as a possible tool to decrease feed costs associated with FM without compromising fish performance, nutrient utilization, and health.  相似文献   

Mechanical Analysis of Twelve Toggle Suture Constructs for Stabilization of Coxofemoral Luxations     

Shantibhushan Jha BVSc & AH MS  Michael P. Kowaleski DVM Diplomate ACVS & ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(8):948-953

  相似文献   

Practical implications of using non-relational databases to store large genomic data files and novel phenotypes     

Andr Moreira Souza  Rodrigo de Andrade Santos Weigert  Elaine Parros Machado de Sousa  Lucas Tassoni Andrietta  Ricardo Vieira Ventura 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2022,139(1):100-112

The objective of our study was to provide practical directions on the storage of genomic information and novel phenotypes (treated here as unstructured data) using a non-relational database. The MongoDB technology was assessed for this purpose, enabling frequent data transactions involving numerous individuals under genetic evaluation. Our study investigated different genomic (Illumina Final Report, PLINK, 0125, FASTQ, and VCF formats) and phenotypic (including media files) information, using both real and simulated datasets. Advantages of our centralized database concept include the sublinear running time for queries after increasing the number of samples/markers exponentially, in addition to the comprehensive management of distinct data formats while searching for specific genomic regions. A comparison of our non-relational and generic solution, with an existing relational approach (developed for tabular data types using 2 bits to store genotypes), showed reduced importing time to handle 50M SNPs (PLINK format) achieved by the relational schema. Our experimental results also reinforce that data conversion is a costly step required to manage genomic data into both relational and non-relational database systems, and therefore, must be carefully treated for large applications.  相似文献   

Dark respiration rate increases with plant size in saplings of three temperate tree species despite decreasing tissue nitrogen and nonstructural carbohydrates     

Machado JL  Reich PB 《Tree physiology》2006,26(7):915-923

In shaded environments, minimizing dark respiration during growth could be an important aspect of maintaining a positive whole-plant net carbon balance. Changes with plant size in both biomass distribution to different tissue types and mass-specific respiration rates (R(d)) of those tissues would have an impact on whole-plant respiration. In this paper, we evaluated size-related variation in R(d), biomass distribution, and nitrogen (N) and total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations of leaves, stems and roots of three cold-temperate tree species (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill, Acer rubrum L. and Pinus strobus L.) in a forest understory. We sampled individuals varying in age (6 to 24 years old) and in size (from 2 to 500 g dry mass), and growing across a range of irradiances (from 1 to 13% of full sun) in northern Minnesota, USA. Within each species, we found small changes in R(d), N and TNC when comparing plants growing across this range of light availability. Consistent with our hypotheses, as plants grew larger, whole-plant N and TNC concentrations in all species declined as a result of a combination of changes in tissue N and shifts in biomass distribution patterns. However, contrary to our hypotheses, whole-plant and tissue R(d) increased with plant size in the three species.  相似文献