Atlas of Equine Ultrasonography     

VECJ Schijns  MC Horzinek 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(3):194-194

  相似文献   

Isolation of Canine Mammary Cells With Stem Cell Properties and Tumour-Initiating Potential     

C Cocola  P Anastasi  S Astigiano  E Piscitelli  P Pelucchi  L Vilardo  G Bertoli  M Beccaglia  MC Veronesi  S Sanzone  O. Barbieri  RA Reinbold  GC Luvoni  I Zucchi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):214-217

Recent data suggest that mammary carcinogenesis may be driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs) derived from mutated adult stem cells, which have acquired aberrant cell self-renewal or by progenitor cells that have acquired the capacity for cell self-renewal. Spontaneous mammary cancers in cats and dogs are important models for the understanding of human breast cancer and may represent alternative species model systems that can significantly contribute to the study of human oncogenesis. With the goal of identifying markers for isolating human breast CSCs, we have generated a canine model system to isolate and characterize normal and CSCs from dog mammary gland. Insight into the hierarchical organization of canine tumours may contribute to the development of universal concepts in oncogenesis by CSCs. Cells with stem cell properties were isolated from normal and tumoural canine breast tissue and propagated as mammospheres and tumourspheres in long-term non-adherent culture conditions. We showed that cells obtained from spheres that display self-renewing properties, have multi-lineage differentiation potential, could generate complex branched tubular structures in vitro and form tumours in NOD/SCID mice. We analysed these cells for the expression of human stem and CSC markers and are currently investigating the tumour-initiating properties of these cells and the hierarchical organization of normal and neoplastic canine mammary tissue.  相似文献   

Equine amnionitis and fetal loss: The case definition for an unrecognised cause of abortion in mares     

KH Todhunter  NR Perkins  RM Wylie  C Chicken  AJ Blishen  DJ Racklyeft  G Muscatello  MC Wilson  PL Adams  JR Gilkerson  WL Bryden  AP Begg 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(1-2):35-38

A series of abortions occurred in mares in New South Wales during 2004 that involved similar and unusual findings on post mortem examination of aborted fetuses and fetal membranes. The term Equine Amnionitis and Fetal Loss (EAFL) was developed to describe the condition. This form of abortion had not been previously recognised in Australia. The pathology alone is not specific for EAFL and diagnosis requires demonstration of a combination of certain pathological and bacteriological features. The purpose of this paper is to describe patterns considered consistent with EAFL cases as a working case definition for use by veterinarians and veterinary pathologists in identifying future cases of EAFL. More detailed papers are in preparation to fully describe the epidemiological, histopathological, and microbiological aspects of EAFL.  相似文献   

The Acidic Probe LysoSensor™ is not Useful for Acrosome Evaluation of Cryopreserved Ram Spermatozoa     

D Castro‐González  M Álvarez  J Muro  MC Esteso  P De Paz  L Anel  F Martínez‐Pastor 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(2):363-367

To try new acrosomal probes for assessing ram spermatozoa, we compared the LysoSensor^? probe, which labels acidic organelles, with the frequently used peanut agglutinin acrosomal probe (PNA‐PE; phycoerythrin as fluorescent moiety). The previous microscopic observations showed a lack of relationship of LysoSensor^? with acrosomal status. Semen was obtained from five rams and frozen in four pools. Each pool was analysed carrying out a triple staining propidium ioide/PNA‐PE/LysoSensor^? Green DND‐189 to test acrosome labelling, and a double staining SYBR‐14/PI, to assess sperm viability. Stained samples were analysed by flow cytometry. All measurements were replicated. Data were processed using agreement and repeatability tests. LysoSensor^? labelling did not agree with PNA (mean of differences: 30.8%; coefficient of agreement: 22.6%), confirming microscopic observations. Nevertheless, when LysoSensor^? was compared with SYBR‐14/PI, the agreement was high (mean of differences: ?0.05%; coefficient of agreement: 5.07%). Repeatability of both methods was high and similar. LysoSensor^? did not seem to specifically stain the acrosome, but it may accumulate in the cytoplasm and label viable spermatozoa. Therefore, LysoSensor^? might not be used as an acrosomal probe in ram spermatozoa, but it could be used in other kind of studies, taking advantage of its pH sensitivity.  相似文献   

Improvement of Fertility in Artificially Inseminated Ewes Following Vaginal Treatment with Misoprostol Plus Terbutaline Sulphate     

AEM Horta  JP Barbas  CC Marques  MC Baptista  MI Vasques  RM Pereira  RD Mascarenhas  S Cavaco‐Gonçalves 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):e412-e416

The effect of vaginal administration of misoprostol plus terbutaline sulphate 6 h prior to artificial insemination (AI) upon the site of AI (vaginal or cervical) and fertility was studied using a total of 87 estrous synchronized Serra da Estrela ewes (control n = 42 and treated n = 45). Artificial insemination was performed using refrigerated semen at 54–55 h after sponge removal. Lambing rate (fertility) and prolificacy were compared between control and treated ewes. The effect of the site of semen deposition on fertility was also evaluated. Prolificacy rate was not different between control (1.5) and treated (1.59) ewes. The proportion of cervical AI achieved in control (45.2%) and treated (37.8%) ewes was not significantly different. Overall, fertility was significantly lower in control than in treated ewes (42.9% vs 64.4%; p < 0.04). Fertility following vaginal AI was significantly lower for control for than treated ewes (30.4% vs 60.7%; p < 0.03) but the difference was smaller and not significant for cervical AI (control 57.9% vs 70.6%). It was concluded that vaginal administration of misoprostol plus terbutaline sulphate 6 h prior to artificial insemination did not affect the proportion of cervical inseminations but significantly improved the fertility of treated ewes. Although needing confirmation, it was hypothesized that drugs might have induced local secretory modifications leading to an increase of cervical ability to retain more viable spermatozoa for fertilization.  相似文献   

Selected Metabolic and Hormonal Profiles during Maintenance of Spontaneous Ovarian Cysts in Dairy Cows     

M Probo  A Comin  F Cairoli  M Faustini  H Kindahl  I De Amicis  MC Veronesi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(3):448-454

Information is lacking regarding the relationship between metabolic and hormonal profiles and the maintenance of spontaneous ovarian cyst disease in dairy cows. For this reason, the concentrations of non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) and cortisol (C) were investigated during the spontaneous course of ovarian cyst disease in dairy cows (n = 6) between the 7th and 16th weeks post‐partum (PP). The control group consisted of normally cycling cows (n = 6). Blood samples were collected twice a day, and plasma was analysed using different techniques. Progesterone and 15‐ketodihydro‐PGF_2α plasma profiles were investigated to confirm the ovulatory or anovulatory conditions of the cows. Cortisol plasma levels were not significantly different among sampling times within each group or between the two groups. NEFA plasma levels were significantly higher in cycling cows compared to cystic cows at the 16th week PP (p < 0.01), but with rather low values, indicating by now sparse mobilization of fat stores. Insulin‐like growth factor I plasma concentrations were higher in cystic cows during the 8th, 10th, 11th (p < 0.01) and 16th week PP (p < 0.05), indicating that the presence of ovarian cysts coincides with increased IGF‐I levels. These results suggest no influence of cortisol and NEFA levels in cysts maintenance, while a possible involvement of IGF‐I can be suspected not only in the pathogenesis, as already known, but also in the maintenance of spontaneous cystic ovarian disease in cattle.  相似文献   

Influence of Post‐Mortem Sperm Recovery Method and Extender on Unstored and Refrigerated Rooster Sperm Variables          下载免费PDF全文

S Villaverde‐Morcillo  MC Esteso  C Castaño  J Santiago‐Moreno 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(1):40-46

Many post‐mortem sperm collection techniques have been described for mammalian species, but their use in birds is scarce. This paper compares the efficacy of two post‐mortem sperm retrieval techniques ‐ the flushing and float‐out methods ‐ in the collection of rooster sperm, in conjunction with the use of two extenders, i.e., L&R‐84 medium and Lake 7.1 medium. To determine whether the protective effects of these extenders against refrigeration are different for post‐mortem and ejaculated sperm, pooled ejaculated samples (procured via the massage technique) were also diluted in the above extenders. Post‐mortem and ejaculated sperm variables were assessed immediately at room temperature (0 h), and after refrigeration at 5°C for 24 and 48 h. The flushing method retrieved more sperm than the float‐out method (596.5 ± 75.4 million sperm vs 341.0 ± 87.6 million sperm; p < 0.05); indeed, the number retrieved by the former method was similar to that obtained by massage‐induced ejaculation (630.3 ± 78.2 million sperm). For sperm collected by all methods, the L&R‐84 medium provided an advantage in terms of sperm motility variables at 0 h. In the refrigerated sperm samples, however, the Lake 7.1 medium was associated with higher percentages of viable sperm, and had a greater protective effect (p < 0.05) with respect to most motility variables. In conclusion, the flushing method is recommended for collecting sperm from dead birds. If this sperm needs to be refrigerated at 5°C until analysis, Lake 7.1 medium is recommended as an extender.  相似文献   

Comparative histomorphological and ultrastructural study of the luminal epithelium of the isthmus in laying and moulting domestic fowls (Gallus domesticus)          下载免费PDF全文

Mike M. Mpango  Mary‐Cathrine Madekurozwa 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2018,47(5):444-455

This study describes ciliated, nonciliated and mitochondrial luminal epithelial cells of the isthmus in laying and moulting domestic fowls using histological and ultrastructural techniques. The ciliated cells were nonsecretory, while numerous electron‐dense secretory granules were present in the nonciliated cells of laying birds. Mitochondrial cells, occurring in two morphologically distinct forms, constituted the third type of epithelial cell present in the isthmus. The SEM study showed that the luminal epithelium was dominated by ciliated cells, the cilia of which partially obscured adjacent nonciliated cells. The involution of the luminal epithelium in moulting birds occurred via autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis. Autophagic inclusions, which included autophagosomes and autolysosomes, were present in the early degenerative phases of ciliated, nonciliated and mitochondrial cells. Nonciliated cells underwent degeneration via apoptosis, which was characterized by nuclear and cytoplasmic condensation. Apoptotic and necrotic ciliated cells were evident during the intermediate and advanced stages of regression. The presence of apoptotic cell death was confirmed using the TUNEL assay. Loss of cilia via the formation of cilia packets was observed using TEM and SEM. Necrotic cell death occurred in mitochondrial cells during the intermediate and late stages of degeneration. In conclusion, the findings of the study on isthmus involution in moulting birds suggest that autophagy is a process confined to the early stages of degeneration, while apoptosis and/or necrosis occur in the terminal stages of regression.  相似文献   

Experience and confidence of final year veterinary students in performing desexing surgeries     

MC Gates  TF Odom  RK Sawicki 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(4):210-215

AIMS: To describe the level of experience and confidence of veterinary students in performing canine and feline desexing procedures at the end of their final clinical year.

METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with veterinary students at Massey University in November 2017 after completion of their final clinical year. The questions included career plans after graduation, number of assisted and unassisted desexing procedures performed, approximate time to complete desexing surgeries, level of confidence with different aspects of desexing surgeries, what aspects of their desexing surgery training were most helpful, and what could be done to improve training in desexing surgical skills in veterinary school.

RESULTS: The survey was completed by 70/95 (74%) students in their final clinical year. Among respondents, 55/70 (70%) had performed >2 unassisted feline neuters before graduation. However 38/70 (54%) students had never performed an unassisted feline spay, 31/70 (44%) had never performed an unassisted canine neuter, and 44/70 (63%) students had never performed an unassisted canine spay. The median reported times to complete a feline neuter, feline spay, canine neuter, and canine spay were 9, 40, 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. The median level of confidence for these procedures were 9, 6, 7 and 5 (on a scale from 1=least confident to 10=most confident), respectively. The reported time to complete procedures and the confidence in performing procedures did not change markedly with increasing total number of procedures performed. Students were most concerned about their ability to perform the desexing procedures in a reasonable amount of time and to prevent post-operative bleeding from occurring. Students were least concerned with their ability to manage post-operative pain in patients and to select the appropriate suture material. Free-text comments revealed that 62/70 (89%) students wanted more hands-on surgical experience prior to graduation.

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVENCE: Many students are currently completing veterinary school with limited experience and low confidence with performing routine canine and feline desexing procedures. Further research is needed to identify the most effective ways for addressing this issue within the constraints of the veterinary curriculum and teaching hospital resources.  相似文献   

Vaginal isolation of beta‐haemolytic Streptococcus from bitches with and without neonatal deaths in the litters          下载免费PDF全文

AE Guerrero  MC Stornelli  SB Jurado  G Giacoboni  GH Sguazza  RL de la Sota  MA Stornelli 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(3):609-616

The aim of the study was to identify beta‐haemolytic streptococci in the vagina of bitches who had delivered healthy litters and bitches who had delivered litters in which neonatal deaths occurred. Fifty‐one bitches divided into two groups were used. Group 1 (G1) included 28 bitches that had delivered healthy litters and group 2 (G2) included 23 bitches that had delivered puppies who died in the neonatal period. Two vaginal samples were taken, one in proestrus and the other at the end of gestation (EG). Beta‐haemolytic Streptococcus (BS) was isolated from 16 bitches (57%) in G1 and from 21 bitches (91%) in G2. The bacteriological cultures, serological tests (Streptex^®) and PCR assay allowed identification of Streptococcus canis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae in G1 and G2. Ultramicroscopic studies allowed the observation of M Protein and capsules in strains of S. dysgalactiae and S. canis in G1 and G2. The S. canis strains isolated from G2 showed thicker capsules than S. canis strains isolated from G1 (234 ± 24.2 vs 151.23 ± 28.93 nm; p < .001.). No differences were observed in capsule thickness between strains of S. dysgalactiae isolated from G1 and G2 (210 ± 13.54 vs 211.66 ± 19.67 nm; p > .70). All strains of beta‐haemolytic Streptococcus isolated were penicillin sensitive. Penicillin was administered from EG to 5 days post‐partum in 10 G2 females with isolation of BS (G2A). Saline solution was administered in eleven G2 females with isolation of BS (G2B). Ninety per cent of the puppies survived in G2A and 25% survived in G2B. Our results suggest BS is involved in canine neonatal deaths.  相似文献