Seasonal variations of carbohydrates in Pueraria lobata related to growth and phenology          下载免费PDF全文

MD H. Rashid  MD N. Uddin  Takashi Asaeda  Randall W. Robinson 《Weed Biology and Management》2017,17(2):103-111

The seasonal changes of non‐structural carbohydrates (NSCs), water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) and starch concentrations were examined in Pueraria lobata throughout its life cycle in order to elucidate the potential points in the seasonal growth and phenological cycles for its improved control. The study was carried out at two different habitat zones with distinct soil conditions in the riparian zone of the Tama River, Tokyo, Japan. One zone, with sandy soil, had lower levels of available nitrogen and phosphorous, while the second zone contained high levels of organic matter and nutrients. The highest and lowest concentrations of the NSC pools in the roots of P. lobata were observed in December and August, respectively, at both study sites. The lowest NSC reserves were attained at the end of the vegetative stage, with the highest NSC reserves found at the end of the reproductive stage. The WSCs gradually decreased from April to August in the roots and then increased until February. The starch concentrations of all the plant organs followed the same pattern as for the WSCs. The stems and leaves did not show the same pattern as did the roots. The total carbohydrate concentrations and pools did not show significant variation between the two sites, suggesting that the soil conditions had very little effect on carbohydrate production in the different organs of the plant. The study suggests that to control P. lobata effectively, the above‐ground biomass should be removed at any date between the end of August and early September.  相似文献   

Effect of zinc‐biofortified seeds on grain yield of wheat,rice, and common bean grown in six countries     

Abdul Rashid  Hari Ram  Chun-Qin Zou  Benjavan Rerkasem  Aildson P. Duarte  Simunji Simunji  Atilla Yazici  Shiwei Guo  Muhammad Rizwan  Rajinder S. Bal  Zhaohui Wang  Sudeep S. Malik  Nattinee Phattarakul  Rogerio Soares de Freitas  Obed Lungu  Vera L. N. P. Barros  Ismail Cakmak 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(5):791-804

Seeds enriched with zinc (Zn) are ususally associated with better germination, more vigorous seedlings and higher yields. However, agronomic benefits of high‐Zn seeds were not studied under diverse agro‐climatic field conditions. This study investigated effects of low‐Zn and high‐Zn seeds (biofortified by foliar Zn fertilization of maternal plants under field conditions) of wheat (Tritcum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on seedling density, grain yield and grain Zn concentration in 31 field locations over two years in six countries. Experimental treatments were: (1) low‐Zn seeds and no soil Zn fertilization (control treatment), (2) low‐Zn seeds + soil Zn fertilization, and (3) Zn‐biofortified seeds and no soil Zn fertilization. The wheat experiments were established in China, India, Pakistan, and Zambia, the rice experiments in China, India and Thailand, and the common bean experiment in Brazil. When compared to the control treatment, soil Zn fertilization increased wheat grain yield in all six locations in India, two locations in Pakistan and one location in China. Zinc‐biofortified seeds also increased wheat grain yield in all four locations in Pakistan and four locations in India compared to the control treatment. Across all countries over 2 years, Zn‐biofortified wheat seeds increased plant population by 26.8% and grain yield by 5.37%. In rice, soil Zn fertilization increased paddy yield in all four locations in India and one location in Thailand. Across all countries, paddy yield increase was 8.2% by soil Zn fertilization and 5.3% by Zn‐biofortified seeds when compared to the control treatment. In common bean, soil Zn application as well as Zn‐biofortified seed increased grain yield in one location in Brazil. Effects of soil Zn fertilization and high‐Zn seed on grain Zn density were generally low. This study, at 31 field locations in six countries over two years, revealed that the seeds biofortfied with Zn enhanced crop productivity at many locations with different soil and environmental conditions. As high‐Zn grains are a by‐product of Zn biofortification, use of Zn‐enriched grains as seed in the next cropping season can contribute to enhance crop productivity in a cost‐effective manner.  相似文献   

Serum protein electrophoretic pattern in young and adult camels     

Chaudhary ZI  Iqbal J  Rashid J 《Australian veterinary journal》2003,81(10):625-626

OBJECTIVE: To compare the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in clinically healthy adult camels (between 3 and 8 years of age) and camel calves (less than 3 months of age). DESIGN: Laboratory analysis of serum from healthy camels. PROCEDURE: Blood was collected from 30 healthy adult camels and 30 camel calves and the serum separated. Total protein of each serum sample was estimated by automated chemistry analyser. The proteins were fractionated by automated electrophoresis on agarose gel. RESULTS: Serum proteins migrated on the agarose gel as one albumin, two alpha (alpha1 and alpha2-globulins), two beta (beta1 and beta2-globulins) and one gamma-globulin fractions. In adult camels the mean concentration of total protein, albumin alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2 and gamma-globulins was 56.8 +/- 1.5, 30.7 +/- 0.8, 2.4 +/- 0.1, 3.2 +/- 0.1, 9.7 +/- 0.3, 3.4 +/- 0.2 and 8.6 +/- 0.3 g/L, respectively. These values in calves were 49.7 +/- 1.8, 23.7 +/- 0.8, 3.2 +/- 0.2, 3.1 +/- 0.2, 14.2 +/- 0.2, 4.0 +/- 0.2 and 4.1 +/- 0.2 g/L, respectively. CONCLUSION: The concentration of total proteins, albumin and gamma-globulins was higher (P < 0.05) in the adult camels than in camel calves. The concentrations of beta1 globulins was higher (P < 0.05) in calves as compared to adult camels.  相似文献   

Rapid screening of chicken intestinal contents for Campylobacter jejuni using coagglutination     

Chattopadhyay UK  Rashid M 《The Veterinary record》2003,152(21):654-655

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Antibacterial activity of Clausena heptaphylla.     

M H Sohrab  M A Mazid  E Rahman  C M Hasan  M A Rashid 《Fitoterapia》2001,72(5):547-549

The antibacterial activity of different crude extracts of Clausena heptaphylla leaves as well as three purified coumarins, obtained from the cold methanol extract, is reported.  相似文献   

A new C-benzylated chalcone from Desmos chinensis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mukhlesur Rahman M  Qais N  Rashid MA 《Fitoterapia》2003,74(5):511-514

A new C-benzylated chalcone was isolated from the leaves of Desmos chinensis. Its structure was established as 2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-(2,6-dihydroxybenzyl)-6'-methoxychalcone on the basis of spectroscopic data.  相似文献   

Effects of low concentrations of dietary cobalt on liveweight gains, haematology, serum vitamin B(12) and biochemistry of Omani goats     

Al-Habsi K  Johnson EH  Kadim IT  Srikandakumar A  Annamalai K  Al-Busaidy R  Mahgoub O 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,173(1):131-137

Seventy-three, 10-week-old, newly weaned Omani goats of three different breeds, namely Dhofari (D), Batinah (B) and Jebel Akhdar (JA) were randomly divided into a control (n=38) and a treated group (n=35) for an experimental period of 10 months. Goats in both groups were fed 150 g/day per head of a pelleted concentrate, based on body weight and their requirements and Rhodes grass hay ad libitum, containing 0.12 and 0.10 mg/kg DM cobalt, respectively. Goats in the treated group also received bi-monthly subcutaneous injections of 2000 microg hydroxycobalamin. In contrast to the treated goats, the control animals of all breeds experienced a severe decrease in their serum vitamin B(12) levels, developed pale mucous membranes, appeared scruffy and two breeds (D and B) had significantly lower weight gains from month 5. Untreated kids of all breeds had significant decreases in their red blood cell counts and erythrocyte indices after approximately four months. Controls developed low total serum protein levels whilst activities of alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased. Although it is widely assumed that goats are more resistant to cobalt deficiency than sheep this is apparently not true for Omani goats. Based on experimental data from previously reported studies and those from the present study it can be concluded that the reduction in weight gains in D and B goats is related to their lower digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and energy while the increase in alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase are associated with developing hepatic lipidosis.  相似文献   

Caprine hepatic lipidosis induced through the intake of low levels of dietary cobalt   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Johnson EH  Al-Habsi K  Kaplan E  Srikandakumar A  Kadim IT  Annamalai K  Al-Busaidy R  Mahgoub O 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2004,168(2):174-179

Forty-one, 10-week-old newly weaned goats were randomly allocated into two groups, namely control (n=22) and treated (n=19). Kids in both groups were fed Rhodegrass hay ad libitum that contained < 0.1 mg/kg DM cobalt and 150 g/day of a commercially prepared ruminant concentrate that contained approximately 0.12 mg/kg DM cobalt. This diet provided the minimum daily requirement of cobalt as specified for sheep. The treated goats were supplemented with bi-monthly subcutaneous injections of 2000 microg of hydroxycobalamin. All goats were weighed and blood samples collected monthly for haematological, clinical biochemical and serum vitamin B12 analysis. After a 10-month experimental period the goats were slaughtered. The control animals exhibited significantly (P<0.05) lower weight gains, and had dry scruffy hair coats. In addition, there was a decline in erythrocyte counts, mean haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. Controls also exhibited significantly (P<0.05) lower levels of total serum proteins and elevated levels of serum alkaline phosphatase compared to treated goats. Fourteen (63.6%) of the control goats developed pathology consistent with reported field cases of hepatic lipidosis associated with low liver levels of cobalt. Only one (5.3%) of the treated goats developed hepatic lipidosis. Contrary to previous reports that suggested that goats are less sensitive to low levels of dietary cobalt than sheep, it is apparent that this is not the case with Omani goats. This is the first report of the induction of hepatic lipidosis in goats due to feeding low levels of cobalt in their diet.  相似文献   

In vitro and in vivo modulation of the equine immune response by parapoxvirus ovis     

Horohov DW  Breathnach CC  Sturgill TL  Rashid C  Stiltner JL  Strong D  Nieman N  Holland RE 《Equine veterinary journal》2008,40(5):468-472

REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY: While immune modulators are used routinely in equine medicine, their mechanism of action is not always known. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of a commercial preparation of inactivated parapoxvirus ovis (Orf virus; PPVO) on cytokine gene expression by equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: PBMC were prepared from 6 mixed-breed yearlings and cultured in vitro with PPVO with or without Concanavalin A (Con A) for 24 h. Effects on the expression of IFNalpha, IFNbeta IFNgamma, TNFalpha and IL-18 were analysed by real time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). In addition, 12 yearling horses were treated with PPVO and whole blood RNA samples were prepared at regular intervals to assess effects on in vivo cytokine gene expression. Six of those yearlings were later treated with saline and served as treatment controls. Nine additional yearlings were injected intradermally with a single dose and their injection sites biopsied at 24 and 48 h for cytokine expression. RESULTS: In vitro culture of PBMC with PPVO led to a significant increase in IFNalpha and IFNbeta gene expression compared to mock-stimulated cultures. In addition, expression of IFNgamma and TNFalpha was significantly higher in PBMC stimulated with PPVO and Con A, than those stimulated with Con A alone. No changes were observed in IL-18 gene expression in vitro. Treatment of horses with a 3-dose regimen of PPVO resulted in elevation of IFNgamma gene expression, which was detected 24 h after the first dose and declined thereafter. Intradermal inoculation led to increased expression of IFNgamma along with IFNbeta, IL-15 and IL-18. CONCLUSIONS: Together these results indicate that PPVO stimulated IFNgamma production both in vitro and in vivo. Increased cytokine expression could account for its immunomodulatory activity. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The absence of adverse reactions and clear indications of increased expression of cytokine gene expression supports previous clinical uses for this immune modulator in those situations when increased expression of IFNgamma is warranted.  相似文献   

Effect of ambient management interventions on the production and physiological performance of lactating Sahiwal cattle during hot dry summer     

Mehtab Ahmad  Jalees Ahmed Bhatti  Muhammad Abdullah  Khalid Javed  Mehboob Ali  Ghazanfar Rashid  Rafi Uddin  Ali Hassan Badini  Mudassar Jehan 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(6):1249-1254

During summer season, increase in the environmental temperature in the subtropical regions of Pakistan is negatively affecting the performance of dairy animals. The study objective was to determine the effect of ambient management (90 days) on productive and physiological performance of lactating Sahiwal cows during hot dry summer season. Fifteen lactating cows during the early lactation stage, having similar parity (3), daily milk production (6.2 l), were randomly allocated to three treatments, 5 cows each, i.e., (1) kept under roof shade only, (2) provision of fans along with roof shade, and (3) provision of roof shade, fans, and sprinklers designated as S, SF, and SFS, respectively. The fans were of 360-rpm capacity and showers were on for 40 min after every 90-min interval from 9:00 to 21:00 h. THI values were 81.1?±?0.7, 80.5?±?0.7, and 77.7?±?0.4 under S, SF, and SFS treatments, respectively. Cows were milked twice daily. Respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) data were collected at 14:00 h on daily basis. The daily milk production was significantly higher in cows under SF (7.9?±?1 kg) followed by SFS (6.9?±?1.2 kg) and S (6.1?±?0.9 kg) treatments. The mean RT (101.0?±?0.04 °F) was significantly lower in cows under SFS than that on SF and S treatments and similarly mean RR was also lower (21.2 breaths/min) in cows under SFS followed by SF and S treatments. It is concluded that milk production and physiological performance in Sahiwal cows can be improved by fan-assisted ventilation during hot dry summer in subtropical regions.  相似文献