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11.
Dana Elgeti Sebastian D. Nordlohne Maike Föste Marina Besl Martin H. Linden Volker Heinz Mario Jekle Thomas Becker 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014
Patients suffering from coeliac disease have to avoid traditional cereals-based products and depend on the availability of gluten-free alternatives. The gluten-free bread matrix and its foam stability are strongly affected by the choice of ingredients. In this study, the impact of quinoa white flour on bread quality parameters, in particular volume, has been investigated. The pseudocereal proved to be a suitable substrate for dough aeration using yeast, since considerably more glucose and a higher activity of α-glucosidase were found in comparison to rice and corn flour. Consequently, quinoa white flour was used to replace 40–100% of the rice and corn flour in a gluten-free control recipe. As a result, quinoa white flour enhanced the specific volume by 33%, which was related to the absence of bran components and the increased α-glucosidase activity. The significance of the latter was proven by separately adding sucrose and fungal amyloglucosidase to the control recipe. Moreover, the crumb featured homogeneous and finely distributed gas bubbles and the taste was not compromised. Thus, it was possible to improve the quality of gluten-free bread by using quinoa white flour, which might be a relief for coeliac patients. 相似文献
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Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a serious eye disease and the most common cause of blindness in horses. Until now, the cause of ERU is not fully understood. Persistent infections of pathogenic leptospires have been discussed. Chronic recurrent remitting episodes of inflammations and the positive therapeutic effects of corticosteroids have led to the hypothesis that ERU is an autoimmune disorder. The reason for a dysregulated autoimmune response may be linked to genetic factors. ERU shows similarities to human autoimmune uveitis with a genetic background. An association of the equine leukocyte antigen serological haplotype A9 with ERU in warmblood horses indicated that major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) influences the development of ERU. The different types of human autoimmune and genetic uveitis, like Behçet's disease, systemic sarcoidosis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, birdshot retinochoroidopathy, sympathetic ophthalmia, and acute recurrent anterior uveitis, had been associated with the human leukocyte antigen complex and genetic variants of the MHC. Furthermore non-MHC genes with a possible role in autoimmunity may also play a role in ERU-affected horses. The genes presented herein may be of interest for genome-wide association analyses of ERU-affected horses. 相似文献
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Maike Heppelmann Lars Krüger Stephanie Leidl Heinrich Bollwein 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2013,14(3):323-327
Transrectal Doppler sonography was used to evaluate uterine blood flow during the first two weeks after parturition in six primiparous Simmental cows. The uterine blood flow was evaluated on the day of parturition (Day 0), once daily from Days 1 to 8 and then every other day until Day 14. Blood flow was quantified by determining the diameter (D), the time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV), the pulsatility index (PI) and the blood flow volume (BFV) of the uterine arteries ipsilateral and contralateral to the formerly pregnant uterine horn. During the first four days after calving D, TAMV and BFV declined (ipsilateral: TAMV 70%, BFV 87%, contralateral: D 47%, BFV 84%; p < 0.05), while PI increased (ipsilateral 158%, contralateral 100%; p < 0.05) distinctly. Between Days 4 and 14 only the ipsilateral D (12%) and the BFV of both arteries (ipsilateral 5%, contralateral 8%) decreased (p < 0.05). Blood flow variables were very strongly correlated with each other (r > ±0.75, p < 0.05), with negative correlations with PI and positive correlations with all other investigated factors. Overall, this study revealed characteristic changes in uterine perfusion during the first two weeks after parturition in cows that were pronounced during the first four days postpartum. 相似文献
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Henriette Alne Maike Oehme Magny Thomassen Bendik Terjesen Kjell‐Arne Rørvik 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(2):248-259
We have investigated the feed intake and growth in autumn‐transferred Atlantic salmon (S0) during their first spring in the sea, a period of low performance in commercial production. We have compared the results with those obtained from spring‐transferred smolt (S1), in order to determine whether this reduction in performance is accompanied by changes in nutrient retention, levels of muscle fat, energy status or condition factor (CF). The practical importance of the results obtained in the small‐scale experiments was evaluated by studies performed at two commercial farms, both using S0 salmon. The feeding rate, rate of growth and degree of feed utilization were low during the first spring in sea, for both S0 and S1 smolt. In both commercial farms, the apparent feed intake in S0 was reduced by approximately 50% in the spring. This low‐performing period coincided with reduced fat and energy retention, low levels of muscle fat and poor CF. Fat retention was reduced from 44.8% (March–May) to 15.4% (May–June) in S0, whereas protein retention did not change, indicating that the energy demand was high during the first spring in sea. 相似文献
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Kaiser A Brinkmann M Carle R Kammerer DR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(12):3291-3301
Conventional spice powders are often characterized by low sensory quality and high microbial loads. Furthermore, genuine enzymes are only inhibited but not entirely inactivated upon drying, so that they may regain their activity upon rehydration of dried foods. To overcome these problems, initial heating was applied in the present study as the first process step for the production of innovative pastelike parsley products. For this purpose, fresh parsley was blanched (80, 90, and 100 °C for 1-10 min) and subsequently comminuted to form a paste. Alternatively, mincing was carried out prior to heat treatment. Regardless of temperature, the color of the latter product did not show any change after heating for 1 min. With progressing exposure time the green color turned to olive hues due to marked pheophytin formation. Inactivation of genuine peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was achieved at all temperature-time regimes applied. In contrast, the parsley products obtained after immediate water-blanching were characterized by brighter green colors and enhanced pigment retention. With the exception of the variants water-blanched at 80 °C, POD and PPO were completely inactivated at any of the thermal treatments. Furthermore, in water-blanched samples, antioxidant capacities as determined by the TEAC and FRAP assays were even enhanced compared to unheated parsley, whereas a decrease of phenolic contents could not be prevented. Consequently, the innovative process presented in this study allows the production of novel herb and spice products characterized by improved sensory quality as compared to conventional spice products. 相似文献
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Maria Leja Iwona Kamińska Maike Kramer Anna Maksylewicz-Kaul Dietmar Kammerer Reinhold Carle Rafal Baranski 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2013,68(2):163-170
The contents of phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activities were assessed in a carrot collection comprising 35 cultivars, landraces and breeding populations. The accessions originated from various world regions and they represented Eastern and Western carrot gene pools. In two-year field trial carrot roots of orange, red, yellow, white and purple color were cultivated, freeze-dried and analyzed for phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and UV/Vis assay. Radical scavenging activity in the extracts was determined with a stable DPPH radical. Carrots developing purple roots possessed on average 9 times more phenolics than roots of other colors. Furthermore, they were rich in anthocyanins that caused very high antiradical activity. Red carrots showed higher antioxidant activity than orange, yellow and white carrots and in the season of lower rainfall they accumulated higher amounts of phenolic compounds. Carrots of Asian origin belonging to Eastern gene pool were more often purple or red and richer in phenolics and had higher antiradical activity than those from the Western gene pool with mainly orange roots. 相似文献
18.
Regin Arge Magny S Thomassen Rolf K Berge Jose L Zambonino‐Infante Bendik Fyhn Terjesen Maike Oehme Kjell‐Arne Rørvik 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(5):922-933
Effects of dietary tetradecylthioacetic fatty acid (TTA) on muscle fat, development of gonads and early sexual maturation in S0 Atlantic salmon during the first year in sea were investigated. TTA (0.5% w/w) was added to the feeds for 8 weeks in the spring. In May, at the end of the TTA‐feeding period, the fish in the TTA group had significantly (P < 0.05) less fat (10.1%) stored in muscle compared with the control group (10.8%). In September, mean male gonadosomatic index (GSI) in maturing fish in the TTA group was found to be lower compared with the maturing fish in the control group (P = 0.05). On the basis of GSI values, male sexual maturation in September was 10.0% vs. 14.4% for the TTA and the control group respectively. Thus, relative to the control group, the incidence of male sexual maturation in the TTA group was reduced by about 1/3 (P = 0.002). Production data was not affected by dietary supplementation of TTA. This study reveals that TTA significantly reduces the incidence of male sexual maturation in S0 Atlantic salmon. A significant elimination model of TTA in fish muscle that takes into account, the growth rate of the fish was further developed in this study. 相似文献
19.
Max Haring Sascha Offermann Tanja Danker Ina Horst Christoph Peterhansel Maike Stam 《Plant methods》2007,3(1):1-16
Background
Chromatin remodeling, histone modifications and other chromatin-related processes play a crucial role in gene regulation. A very useful technique to study these processes is chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). ChIP is widely used for a few model systems, including Arabidopsis, but establishment of the technique for other organisms is still remarkably challenging. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of the precipitated material and normalization of the data is often underestimated, negatively affecting data quality.Results
We developed a robust ChIP protocol, using maize (Zea mays) as a model system, and present a general strategy to systematically optimize this protocol for any type of tissue. We propose endogenous controls for active and for repressed chromatin, and discuss various other controls that are essential for successful ChIP experiments. We experienced that the use of quantitative PCR (QPCR) is crucial for obtaining high quality ChIP data and we explain why. The method of data normalization has a major impact on the quality of ChIP analyses. Therefore, we analyzed different normalization strategies, resulting in a thorough discussion of the advantages and drawbacks of the various approaches.Conclusion
Here we provide a robust ChIP protocol and strategy to optimize the protocol for any type of tissue; we argue that quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) is the best method to analyze the precipitates, and present comprehensive insights into data normalization. 相似文献20.
MHC class II proteins present fragments of extra cellular antigen to stimulate CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Aim of this study was the detection of MHC class II antigens on different cutaneous cells in canine demodicosis. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of skin biopsies from 44 dogs with demodicosis is reported. The control group consisted of skin biopsies taken from 10 necropsied dogs without obvious skin lesions. The immunohistological assessment of the MHC class II expression revealed MHC class II proteins on different cell types of infiltrating inflammatory cells, i.e. APCs (antigen-presenting cells), macrophages, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. The plasma cells, however, only showed expression in 32 (73%) of 44 cases. Generally it was noticeable that most plasma cells but never all of them expressed MHC class II. Neutrophils, mast cells and eosinophils were MHC class II negative. Furthermore, in 39 biopsies (89%) from dogs with demodicosis MHC class II positive follicular keratinocytes were found. The control group did not show MHC class II expression on epithelial cells. Concerning the endothelial cells, a total of 25 biopsies (57%) showed MHC class II expression in which different vascular plexuses were affected by staining. This examination shows that MHC class II expression in the skin of dogs suffering form demodicosis is elevated. Especially the MHC class II expression by follicular keratinocytes seems to be conspicuous. We hypothesize that this is in association with the development and the maintenance of follicular inflammation. 相似文献