Tree age influences nutritional,pectin, and anatomical changes in developing ‘Kinnow’ mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) fruit     

Samina Khalid  Aman Ullah Malik  Zora Singh  Sami Ullah  Basharat Ali Saleem  Omer Hafeez Malik 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(14):1786-1797

An understanding of variation in fruit quality in relation to tree age can help understand the issue of poor fruit quality in young orchards; however, limited information is available on the citrus fruit. In this study, the endogenous nutritional status in rind, rag, and leaves; pectin status in rind and rag; and anatomical fruit growth parameter in rind tissues were studied in ‘Kinnow’ mandarins fruit during their development on trees from three age (6-, 18-, and 35-year-old) groups. In older (35-year-old) trees, rind, rag, and leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations were superior. In fruit from all tree age groups, total pectin and protopectin reduced; however water-soluble pectin (WSP) improved. In rind tissues harvested from young (6-year-old) trees, cell density was more while cell size was less. In all tree age groups, cell density in rind tissues correlated negatively with rind WSP.  相似文献   

Simulation of salt and water movement and estimation of water productivity of rice crop irrigated with saline water     

V. Phogat  A. K. Yadav  R. S. Malik  Sanjay Kumar  Jim Cox 《Paddy and Water Environment》2010,8(4):333-346

The HYDRUS-ID model was experimentally tested for water balance and salt build up in soil under rice crop irrigated with different salinity water (ECiw) of 0.4, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 dS m⁻¹ in micro-lysimeters filled with sandy loam soil. Differences of means between measured (M) and HYDRUS-1D predicted (P) values of bottom flux (Q _o) and leachate EC as tested by paired t test were not found significant at P = 0.05 and a close agreement between RMSE values showed the applicability of the HYDRUS-1D to simulate percolation and salt concentration in the micro-lysimeters under rice crop. Potential ET values of rice as obtained from CROPWAT matched well with model predicted and measured one at all ECiw treatments. The model predicted root water uptake varied from 66.1 to 652.7 mm and the maximum daily salt concentration in the root zone was 0.46, 2.3, 4.5, 6.7, 8.4 and 10.2 me cm⁻³ in 0.4, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 dS m⁻¹ ECiw treatments, respectively. The grain production per unit evapotranspiration ( \textWP_{\textET\texta} {\text{WP}}_{{{\text{ET}}_{\text{a}} }} ) value of 2.56 in ECiw of 0.4 dS m⁻¹ treatment declined to 1.31 with ECiw of 2 dS m⁻¹. The \textWP_{\textET\texta} {\text{WP}}_{{{\text{ET}}_{\text{a}} }} reduced to one-fifth when percolation was included in the productivity determination. Similarly, the water productivity in respect of total dry matter production (TDM) was also reduced in different treatments. Therefore, the model predicted values of water balance can be effectively utilized to calculate the water productivity of rice crop.  相似文献   

Feasibility of Growing Olives on Selected Sites along Coastal Texas     

N.  S.  A.  Malik 《农业科学与技术》2011,(2):139-146

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Effect of source and dose of probiotics and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) on intake,feed efficiency,and growth of male buffalo (<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Bubalus bubalis</Emphasis>) calves     

Raman Malik  Srinivas Bandla 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1263-1269

Probiotics of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger and three commercial exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) were tested in vitro to select best source and optimum dose followed by in vivo studies on male buffalo calves. Bacterial (P < 0.001) and protozoal population were increased significantly (P < 0.001) with probiotics and EFE. In vitro dry matter digestibility was more (P < 0.001) on L. acidophilus and then on S. cerevisiae. Dose required for L. acidophilus and S. cerevisiae probiotics was 1 × 10⁹ and 3 × 10⁹ cfu/flask, respectively. Cellulase and xylanase were effective at 4,000 and 12,500 IU/kg DM. In vitro cell wall digestibility was increased (P < 0.001) when probiotics and EFE were used together. Best source and optimum dose of probiotics and EFE were fed to 18 male buffalo calves with concentrate supplement (CS). Calves were randomly divided into three groups either without probiotics and EFE (CG) or with probiotics (EG₁) or probiotics combined with EFE (EG₂) on wheat straw diet. Organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber digestibility was improved significantly. Average daily weight gain (ADG) and feed efficiency were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in EG₂ than EG₁ or CG. Final body weight was 4% and 12% and feed efficiency was 2.6% or 1.6% more (P < 0.001) in EG₂ compared to CG or EG₁, respectively. Fortification of CS with probiotics and EFE together had more impact on FE and ADG in buffalo calves.  相似文献   

Exogenous DNA Uptake of Boar Spermatozoa by a Magnetic Nanoparticle Vector System     

TS Kim  SH Lee  GT Gang  YS Lee  SU Kim  DB Koo  MY Shin  CK Park  DS Lee 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):e201-e206

The sperm‐mediated gene transfer method is applicable to transgenesis in many species that use spermatozoa for reproduction recently, which has been shown various results. In the current study, we show that transgenic porcine embryos can be efficiently produced by employing a simple transfection method that uses magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The complexes formed between plasmid DNA and MNPs were bounded on ejaculated boar spermatozoa at a higher efficiency compared to methods using DNA alone or lipofection. Using confocal microscopy, rhodamine fluorophore‐labelled MNPs were detected on external surfaces of the spermatozoa membrane, which were bounded on zona pellucida of in vitro maturated oocyte during in vitro fertilization. Electron microscopy revealed that clusters of MNPs were detected in inside of plasma membrane and nucleus of the spermatozoa head. Additionally, we found that magnetofected boar spermatozoa could be fertilized with oocytes in vitro and that the resulting gene of green fluorescent protein was detected in fertilized eggs by genomic PCR analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that MNPs can be used to efficiently introduce a transgene into embryo via spermatozoa.  相似文献   

Synovial osteochondroma: an uncommon manifestation of a common disease     

Richard Malik  Joanna White  Andy Sparkes 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(5):367-368

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ISFM and AAFP consensus guidelines: Long-term use of NSAIDs in cats     

Andrew H. Sparkes  Reidun Heiene  B. Duncan X. Lascelles  Richard Malik  Llibertat Real Sampietro  Sheilah Robertson  Margie Scherk  Polly Taylor 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(7):521-538

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Preliminary post-prandial studies of Burmese cats with elevated triglyceride concentrations and/or presumed lipid aqueous     

Elissa K. Kluger  Muriel Caslake  Randolph M. Baral  Richard Malik  Merran Govendir 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(8):621-630

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Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Growth Suppression and Adverse Effects on Human Health Due to Air Pollution in the Upper Silesian Industrial District (USID), Southern Poland     

Malik I  Danek M  Marchwińska-Wyrwał E  Danek T  Wistuba M  Krąpiec M 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(6):3345-3364

Air pollution emissions were not continually monitored in the Upper Silesian Industrial District (USID), southern Poland, and data is only available for the last 20?years. Long-lasting and severe tree ring reductions in pines growing 5-20 km north of the USID area recorded particularly high levels of air pollution emissions in the period 1950-1990. Especially high amounts of reductions and many missing rings were found in the period 1964-1981. At the same time, pines growing 60?km west of the USID do not record deep ring reductions; this proves that the phenomenon is of a regional nature. Increases in infant mortality and lung, bronchial, and tracheal cancer morbidity rates among males were also recorded in the USID during periods of high air pollution. Infant mortality rates increased several years after the tree ring reductions. Therefore, it may be possible to use tree ring reductions as an early indicator of the occurrence of adverse effects on human health.  相似文献   

Dry matter accumulation in potato clones under seasonal high temperature conditions in Pakistan     

Nasrullah J. Malik  Robert B. Dwelle  Michael K. Thornton  Joseph J. Pavek 《American Journal of Potato Research》1992,69(10):667-676

The effects of seasonal high temperatures on potatoes were investigated under field conditions near Peshawar, Pakistan. Five potato clones (A79196-1, Desiree, DTO-28, LT-1, Russet Burbank) were grown during the spring season at two locations. Canopy development, vine dry weight and tuber dry weight were determined at 13-day intervals, starting 68 days after planting (DAP). Tuber yield was higher in heat tolerant clones compared to heat susceptible clones. Location significantly affected tuber dry weights. Tuber dry weights of Russet Burbank were consistently lower than those of DTO-28. Ground canopy cover of DTO-28 occurred earlier and reached maximum at 75 DAP, compared to 90 DAP for Desiree. DTO-28, because of its high tuber yield under cool as well as hot temperatures, and its relatively early bulking, should be a promising clone for a short duration crop in hotter regions.  相似文献