Landscape and land use effects on soil resources in a Himalayan watershed     

Debashis Mandal  Ratan SinghS.K. Dhyani  B.L. Dhyani 《CATENA》2010

Sustainable land management decisions at all scales require solid, science-based information. Soil quality assessment can provide this regarding soil physical, chemical, and biological characteristics and the ability to provide ecosystem and societal services. Our objective was to make a regional assessment of soils in the Garhwal Himalayas to determine their ability to perform various functions and respond to external influences. Five functional categories were assessed using 13 soil parameters focused on ecological sustainability. Human land use effects on soils were referenced to natural woodlands at each landscape position. Within upper-slope regions, flora and fauna habitat, moisture retention, organic matter and nutrient cycling, air and water infiltration and resistance to erosion were decreased 35, 27, 24, 24, and 9%, respectively. At mid-slope positions the order and magnitude of decrease were organic matter and nutrient cycling, flora and fauna habitat, and moisture retention (26, 22, and 16%, respectively). Changes within the valley were lowest, averaging − 3% for flora and fauna habitat and − 13% for organic matter and nutrient cycling. We conclude that the minimum data set (MDS) used provided a representative assessment of soil quality and could serve as a basis for assessment in similar tropical watersheds.  相似文献   

Ovarian Function in Buffalo Cows with Special Reference to the Accuracy of Rectal Palpation     

AB. El-Wishy  IM. Ghoneim 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1995,30(1):39-41

  相似文献   

Observations on a Spontaneous Case of Fatal Ovine Mastitis due to Klebsiella pneumoniae     

P. C. Mandal  D. R. Sharma  S. P. Ahuja 《Zoonoses and public health》1977,24(2):168-174

  相似文献   

Intracranial tumour in a cow.     

P C Mandal  B Singh 《Veterinary pathology》1975,12(1):57-58

  相似文献   

The response of Japanese quails (heavy body weight line) to dietary energy levels and graded essential amino acid levels on growth performance and immuno-competence     

SarabmeetKaur  A.B. Mandal  K.B. Singh  M.M. Kadam 《Livestock Science》2008,117(2-3):255-262

The response of growing quails (n = 900, divided into 36 subgroups) to dietary levels of essential amino acids (EAA) at different energy levels on growth and immunity was investigated. Nine diets including three levels of metabolizable energy (ME, 11.30, 12.13 and 12.97 MJ ME kg^− 1) each at three levels of EAA (low, medium and high) in a 3 × 3 factorial design were formulated. Each diet was offered to 4 replicated groups up to 5 weeks of age. The ratio of lysine to protein and the level of methionine and threonine to lysine remained almost similar in all the diets as specified by NRC [NRC, 1994. Pages 44–45 in Nutrients requirements of poultry. 8th ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.]. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio did not differ statistically due to the treatments i.e. interaction of ME and EAA levels. However, there was linear increase in body weight gain with increased EAA levels during 0–3 or 0–5 weeks of age. Feed intake increased linearly with the decreased ME (P < <0.01) and increased EAA (P < 0.01) in diets. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved (P < 0.01) linearly with increase in dietary ME concentration from 0–3 or 0–5 weeks of age. FCR and energy efficiency improved in diets with medium and high levels of EAA during 0–3 weeks, while it did not differ during 0–5 weeks of age. Protein efficiency (PE) improved linearly (P < 0.01) with decreased EAA levels during 0–3 or 0–5 weeks of age, and also with the increase in dietary ME level during 0–5 weeks growth phase. Nitrogen retention per unit energy intake was significantly higher in diet containing 12.97 MJ ME kg^− 1 with high level of EAA. Humoral (SRBC) and cellular (PHA-P) immune response and yield of immune organs did not differ due to ME, EAA or ME x EAA. Therefore, it can be concluded that the optimum level of dietary ME is 11.30 MJ kg^− 1 with CP 25.83%, lysine 1.49%, methionine 0.58% and threonine 1.17% on dry matter basis during 0–5 weeks of age for gain. However for optimum feed conversion, the growing quails require diet with ME 12.97 MJ kg^− 1 with CP 23.23%, lysine 1.30%, methionine 0.50% and threonine 1.02% for 0–5 weeks of age.  相似文献   

Inheritance of faecal nematode egg count in Barbari goats following natural Haemonchus contortus infection     

Mandal A  Sharma DK 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,155(1-2):89-94

Genetic parameters for faecal nematode egg count were estimated in naturally infected Barbari goats maintained at the Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, India, over a period of 5 years (1999 through 2003). Faecal egg count (FEC) data on 891 records of Barbari goats descended from 69 bucks and 241 does were used in this study. Analyses were carried out by restricted maximum likelihood (REML), fitting an animal model and ignoring or including maternal genetic or permanent environmental effects. Three different animal models were fitted. Direct heritability estimates were inflated substantially for this trait when maternal effects were ignored. The direct heritability estimates for the trait ranged from 0.05 to 0.13 depending on the model used. Low (0.04) maternal heritability estimate was observed for this trait in our study. Moderate estimate of the fraction of variance due to maternal permanent environmental effects (c(2)) for faecal egg count (c(2)=0.10) was also observed. Results suggest that direct and permanent environmental maternal effects were important for this trait, however, maternal additive effects had less impact on this trait.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary supplementation of hemp (Cannabis sativa) and dill seed (Anethum graveolens) on performance,serum biochemicals and gut health of broiler chickens     

Mayur M. Vispute  Divya Sharma  Asit B. Mandal  Jaydip J. Rokade  Praveen K. Tyagi  Ajit S. Yadav 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(2):525-533

The present study was carried out to study the effect of different doses of hemp seed alone or in combination with dill seed against antibiotic growth promoter on performance, serum biochemicals and gut health of broiler chickens over a period of 42 days. Total 192 broiler chicks were grouped randomly into six treatments and fed with basal diet (BD) along with different levels of seeds, viz., T₁ (BD), T₂ (BD + 0.2% HS), T₃ (BD + 0.2% HS + 0.3 DS), T₄ (BD + 0.3% HS) and T₅ (BD + 0.3% HS + 0.3 DS) and T₆ (BD + 0.025% Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate‐BMD). The performance traits like feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and carcass traits like cut‐up parts, giblet and abdominal fat yield remained unaffected due to dietary treatments for overall trial period; however, the average feed intake in early phase (0–3 weeks) reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in treatment birds than both controls (T1 & T6). Serum protein concentration remained unchanged, whereas significant (p < 0.05) reduction in serum lipids like triglyceride, LDL and total cholesterol concentration was noticed due to dietary inclusion of seeds. Serum enzymes like AST and ALT concentrations depleted significantly (p < 0.05) treated groups, except at higher seed doses (T5); however, alkaline phosphatase levels were unaffected. Coliform count in caecum and jejunum reduced linearly (p < 0.01) due to seed inclusion, whereas dose‐dependent proliferation of lactobacilli was evident (p < 0.01) in caecum and jejunum of treated birds. No effect was observed on the villus height and crypt depth of the jejunal mucosa. To conclude, dietary supplementation of hemp and dill seed could not affect the growth performance and carcass traits; however, it positively altered the serum lipid profile of the birds and improved gut health as well, thereby enhanced overall performance of broiler chickens.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary manipulation and vaccination of turkey breeder hens on immunoglobulin levels of yolk,yolk sac and neonate poults          下载免费PDF全文

A. Bhattacharyya  S. Majumdar  S. K. Bhanja  A. B. Mandal  B. B. Dash 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):e957-e963

Two hundred turkey breeder hens and 24 viable toms of 30–35 weeks age of small white variety were distributed into two treatment groups having four replicates of 25 hens and three toms in each treatment. First four replicates were offered a turkey breeder diet (Diet A) (Nutrient requirements of poultry, 1994, National Academic Press, Washington, DC) and the rest four replicates were maintained on a higher plane of nutrition (Diet B) for 8‐week duration. After 6 weeks of experimental feeding, two replicates from each treatment groups were vaccinated with ND (R₂B) vaccine. Yolk sac of embryo from birds fed Diet B had a significantly higher (p < .05) IgG, IgM level and HI titre (log 2) than those fed Diet A. HI titre values of embryonic yolk sac from the vaccinated birds fed Diet B were significantly higher (p < .05) than that of the control groups. In addition, HI titre values were significantly higher (p < .05) in the day‐old poults of the birds fed Diet B than that of those fed Diet A. There was significantly (p < .01) positive correlation between serum IgG and IgM of the breeder birds and day‐old chicks. Similarly, there was significantly (p < .05) positive correlation between yolk IgG and IgM after 1‐month experimental feeding and yolk sac IgG and IgM. Positive correlation (p < .05) also existed between yolk sac IgM and day‐old chick serum IgM. Furthermore, the HI titres of breeder birds' serum at 14 days post‐vaccination were positively correlated with their egg yolk after 10 and 15 days post‐vaccination, yolk sac and day‐old chicks. Thus, the study envisaged that a higher immunity in neonate poults from turkey breeders maintained on a higher plane of nutrition may be elicited as there was maternal transfer of antibodies from the serum of breeder birds to their offsprings through their yolk sac.  相似文献   

Carcass characteristics,chemical and fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of meat from broiler chickens fed black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds          下载免费PDF全文

P. Kumar  A. K. Patra  G. P. Mandal  B. C. Debnath 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(3):769-779

A study was conducted to investigate the dietary supplementation of black cumin seeds (BCS) on carcass characteristics, chemical and fatty acid (FA) composition and antioxidant properties of thigh and breast meat of broiler chickens at 42 days of age. Three hundred sixty 1‐day‐old broiler chickens were allocated to five dietary treatment groups (each group containing eight replicate pens with each pen containing nine broiler chickens): basal diet (control; CON), CON + 0.05 g/kg of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (AB), CON + 5 g/kg of BCS (low dose of BCS), CON + 10 g/kg of BCS (medium dose of BCS) and CON + 20 g/kg of BCS (high dose of BCS). Weight (g) of slaughtered birds (p = .03), hot carcass (p = .007), breast (p = .03), thigh (p < .001), wing (p = .06), neck (p = .01), liver (p = .09), abdominal fat (p = .01) and total edible parts (p = .01) increased or tended to increase due to BCS supplementation compared with the CON. The concentrations of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract in chicken thigh and breast meat increased (p = .038 to <.001) with increasing doses of BCS in diets. The ferric reducing antioxidant activity in blood and meat increased linearly with increasing doses of BCS in the diets. However, peroxide values in meat were not affected by BCS and AB on both days 1 and 7 of storage at 4°C. Supplementation of BCS increased the concentrations of C14:1, C18:3n‐6, C20:1, C20:2 FA and PUFA linearly (p < .05) and tended to increase (p = .098) the concentration of C18:2cis linearly. However, the concentrations of C16:0 and C16:1 FA decreased linearly with increasing doses of BCS in the diets. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of BCS at 20 g/kg diet may improve slaughter body weight, beneficial FA concentrations and antioxidant properties of broiler chicken meat.  相似文献   

A novel pathovar of Xanthomonas axonopodis causes gumming of Guggal (Commiphora wightii)     

Jatindra Nath Samanta  Kunal Mandal  Satyabrata Maiti 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,135(1):115-125

Guggal (Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari comb. nov.) is a small tree which is tapped for medicinally important oleo?Cgum?Cresin. Naturally infected plant oozes oleo?Cgum?Cresin from its trunk and primary branches. However, in either case, the plant dies slowly after oozing. A bacterium was established to be responsible for these phenomena. Four isolates of this bacterium were characterised by biochemical tests, Biolog GN2 microplate reaction, rDNA sequencing, which suggested that the pathogen belonged to the genus Xanthomonas. However, phylogenetic analysis based on chaperone protein (dnaK) gene, TonB?Cdependent receptor (fyuA) gene, DNA gyrase B (gyrB) gene and RNA polymerase sigma factor (rpoD) gene sequences placed it as a member of X. axonopodis 9.2 rep?CPCR/DNA?CDNA homology cluster close to X. perforans, X. alfalfae and X. euvesicatoria. Further elucidation of phylogenetic position of the test strains was achieved from a gyrB based tree considering sequences from 71 representative strains. Test strains were confirmed to be members of X. axonopodis. These had very narrow infectivity limited to Commiphora spp. Hence, we propose a novel pathovar, X. axonopodis pv. commiphoreae pv. nov. as the cause of gum oozing in guggal. Pathotype is DXA 01 = CFBP 7580 = LMG 26789.  相似文献