Effect of different feeds on the growth,survival and reproductive performance of zebrafish,Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822)          下载免费PDF全文

J. Karga  S.C. Mandal 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2017,23(2):406-413

Present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different feeds with varying protein levels on the growth, survival and reproductive performance of zebrafish, Danio rerio. The control diet (T1) was wild‐collected zooplankton from local fish ponds, while test diets with 350 g kg^?1 protein (T2), 400 g kg^?1 protein (T3) and 450 g kg^?1 protein (T4) were formulated and fed to fish for a period of 210 days. The significantly (P < 0.05) highest mean weight gain and specific growth rate were observed in T1, which were similar with T3 and T4. The significantly (P < 0.05) highest number of egg production per female and relative fecundity were found in T1, followed by T4 and T3 while T2 produced lowest number of eggs. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were observed in brood survival rate, fertilization and hatching rate among the dietary treatments. The highest (P < 0.05) fry survival rate was recorded in T1, followed by T3 and T4. Thus, it is suggested that control diet i.e. mixed zooplankton exhibited better growth, reproductive performance and fry survival rate. However, diet containing 400 g kg^?1 crude protein also gave comparable results in terms of growth, survival and reproductive performance of zebrafish.  相似文献   

Effect of irrigation and nitrogen application methods on input use efficiency of wheat under limited water supply in a Vertisol of Central India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. K. Bandyopadhyay  A. K. Misra  P. K. Ghosh  K. M. Hati  K. G. Mandal  M. Moahnty 《Irrigation Science》2010,28(4):285-299

Field experiments were conducted in a deep Vertisol at the Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal during the years 2001–2005 to assess the effect of five different irrigation strategies through combinations of sprinkler and flood irrigation and two N application methods on yield and water use efficiency of wheat (cv WH 147). The amount of irrigation applied each year differed according to the availability of water in the water harvesting pond to simulate the actual water crisis faced by the farmers in this region during these years due to monsoon failure. Results indicated that when wheat was grown only with 8-cm irrigation at sowing or 14 cm up to the crown root initiation stage, dry sowing of wheat immediately followed by sprinkler and subsequent irrigation through flooding produced the highest yield and water and nitrogen use efficiencies. However, when 20-cm irrigation was supplied up to the flowering stage or 14-cm irrigation was supplied up to tillering stage through sprinkler in 4 and 3 splits, respectively, at critical growth stages, maximized the grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiencies. Across the years, the crop yield and water and nitrogen use efficiencies increased with increase in water supply.  相似文献   

Root biomass, crop response and water-yield relationship of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) grown under combinations of irrigation and nutrient application     

K. G. Mandal  K. M. Hati  A. K. Misra  K. K. Bandyopadhyay 《Irrigation Science》2010,28(3):271-280

A 3-year study was carried out to assess the root biomass production, crop growth rate, yield attributes, canopy temperature and water-yield relationships in Indian mustard grown under combinations of irrigation and nutrient application for revealing the dynamic relationship of crop yield (Y) and seasonal evapotranspiration (ET). Three post-sowing irrigation treatments viz. no irrigation (I ₁), one irrigation at flowering (I ₂) and two irrigations one each at rosette and flowering stage (I ₃), three nutrient treatments viz. no fertilizer or manure (F ₁), 100% recommended NPK i.e., 60 kg N, 13.1 kg P and 16.6 kg K ha⁻¹ (F ₂) and 100% recommended NPK plus farmyard manure @ 10 Mg ha⁻¹ (F ₃) were tested in a split-plot design. Root biomass was significantly greater in I ₃ than I ₂ and I ₁, and in F ₃ than F ₂ and F ₁. The I ₃ × F ₃, I ₂ × F ₃ and I ₃ × F ₂ combinations maintained significantly greater crop growth rate, plant height, yield components, ET and crop yield and better plant water status in terms of canopy temperature, canopy-air temperature difference (CATD) and relative leaf water content (RLWC). Number of siliqua plant⁻¹ and seeds siliqua⁻¹ were the major contributors to the seed yield. Marginal analysis of water production function was used to establish Y–ET relationship. The elasticity of water production (E _wp) provides a means to assess relative changes in Y and ET, and gives an indication of improvement of Y due to nutrient application. The ET–Y relationships were linear with marginal water use efficiency (WUE_m) of 3.09, 4.23 and 3.95 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ in F ₁, F ₂ and F ₃, respectively, and the corresponding E _wp were 0.63, 0.71 and 0.61. This implies that the scope for improving yield and WUE with 100% NPK was little compared with 100% NPK + farmyard manure. The crop yield was highest in I ₃ × F ₃ combination, and the similar yield was obtained in I ₂ × F ₃ and I ₃ × F ₂ combinations. Application of organic manure along with 100% NPK fertilizers maintained greater crop growth rate, better water relation in plants, yield attributes and saved one post-sowing irrigation.  相似文献   

Effect of Silicon Fertilization on Growth,Yield, and Nutrient Uptake of Rice     

Sajal Pati  Biplab Pal  Shrikant Badole  Biswapati Mandal 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(3):284-290

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of silicon (diatomaceous earth, DE) fertilization on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of rice during the kharif season of 2012 and 2013 in the new alluvial zone of West Bengal, India. Results showed that application of silicon significantly increased grain and straw yield as well as yield-attributing parameters such as plant height (cm), number of tillers m^?2, number of panicle m^?2, and 1000-grain weight (g) of rice. The greatest grain and straw yields were observed in the treatment T₆ (DE at 600 kg ha^?1 in combination with standard fertilizer practice (SFP). The concentration and uptake of silicon, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in grain and straw were also greater under this treatment compared to others. It was concluded that application of DE at 600 kg ha^?1 along with SFP resulted increased grain, straw, and uptake of NPK.  相似文献   

Cage‐pond integration of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with carps     

Ram Bhajan Mandal  Dilip Kumar Jha  Madhav Kumar Shrestha  Jharendu Pant  Sunila Rai  Narayan Prasad Pandit 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(8):1311-1318

Cage‐pond integration system is a new model for enhancing productivity of pond aquaculture system. A field trial was conducted using African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in cages and carps in earthen ponds. There were four treatments replicated five times: (1) carps in ponds without cage, (2) tilapia at 30 fish m^?3 in cage and carps in open pond, (3) catfish at 100 fish m^?3 in cage and carps in open pond, (4) tilapia and catfish at 30 and 100 fish m^?3, respectively, in separate cages and carps in open pond. The carps were stocked at 1 fish m^?2. The cage occupied about 3% of the pond area. The caged tilapia and catfish were fed and the control ponds were fertilized. Results showed that the combined extrapolated net yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the catfish, tilapia and carps integration system (9.4 ± 1.6 t ha^?1 year^?1) than in the carp polyculture (3.3 ± 0.7 t ha^?1 year^?1). The net return from the tilapia and carps (6860 US$ ha^?1 year^?1) and catfish, tilapia and carps integration systems (6668 US$ ha^?1 year^?1) was significantly higher than in the carp polyculture (1709 US$ ha^?1 year^?1) (P < 0.05). This experiment demonstrated that the cage‐pond integration of African catfish and Nile tilapia with carps is the best technology to increase production; whereas integration of tilapia and carp for profitability.  相似文献   

Tubifex production using agro-industrial wastes and raw cattle dung     

R. N. Mandal  S. Kar  D. N. Chattopadhyay  J. Maity  B. N. Paul  P. P. Chakrabarti 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(2):70-75

ABSTRACT

Tubifex (Tubifex tubifex) was cultured in captivity using three different wastes: rice mill sludge (RMS), dairy sludge (DS), and raw cattle dung (RCD). Three experiments were conducted: 10, 20, and 30 days. A total of 100 g of tubifex at 62.5 g m^?2 was inoculated in 1.6 m² fiberglass-reinforced plastic tanks. Comparing all production parameters, RMS > DS > RCD. Growth rate (g m^?2 d^?1) did not differ among durations. RMS- and DS-fed tubifex contained higher protein and fat than RCD-fed tubifex. Efficiency on production of g tubifex per kg of waste material was highest at 10 days, declining with time for all waste materials. This experiment suggests that RMS and DS are effective wastes for tubifex culture, with total production increasing with no reduction in growth rate through 30 days, but with efficiency declining after 10 days.  相似文献   

Mercuric chloride induced toxicity responses in the olfactory epithelium of Labeo rohita (HAMILTON): a light and electron microscopy study     

Debasree Ghosh  Dipak Kumar Mandal 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(1):83-92

Bioaccumulation of mercury and histomorphological changes in the olfactory epithelium of Labeo rohita were investigated after exposing the fish to two sublethal concentrations of HgCl₂ (66 and 132 μg/L) for 15 and 30 days. Mercury deposition increased in the tissue significantly (p < 0.05) with dose- and duration-dependent manner. Severe damage to the olfactory epithelium was evident. When fish exposed to 66 μg/L for 15 days, the histology of olfactory epithelium exhibited that mucous cell proliferation was upregulated and cell size was significantly increased from the control. Similar trends were found in 30 days exposure in both treated groups. Histology showed that mercury induced degeneration of columnar sensory cells, supporting cells and ciliated non-sensory cells and induced basal cell proliferation. Basal cell hyperplasia led to form intraepithelial proliferative lesion, thickening of epithelium, basal lamina disruption and cyst formation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that mercury exposure at 66 μg/L caused clumping and loss of cilia, erosion in microridges on the supporting cells and proliferation of mucous cell opening. Complete degeneration of ciliated cells and cyst formation was observed in the fish when exposed to 132 μg/L HgCl₂. This result suggests that prolonged exposure to mercury might cause irreversible damage to the olfactory epithelium and impair the olfactory function of fish.  相似文献   

Impact of Distillery Effluent on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in a Vertisol of Central India     

AK Biswas  Pankaj Sharma  KM Hati  S Ramana  AB Singh 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(17):2189-2196

Distilleries produce a huge quantity of effluents, popularly known as spent wash (SW), which when bio-methanated produce post-methanation effluents (PME). A field experiment on soybean–wheat system was conducted for five consecutive years in a Vertisol of central India to evaluate the effect of distillery effluent (DE) on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Ten treatment combinations consisting of control, 100% NPK + Farmyard Manure (FYM), and graded level of SW and PME were applied. Total carbon content of soil increased significantly with applications of FYM and DE. SW was found superior in enhancing carbon content of soil in comparison to PME. Farmyard Manure contributed more carbon toward the recalcitrant pool, whereas DE contributed more carbon toward the active and slow pool. Nitrogen (N) availability was significantly improved with the application of DE. Balanced application of DE may act as amendment for increasing C and N stocks in Vertisol.  相似文献   

Effect of boron and sulfur interaction on some important biological indices in an inceptisol     

Mitali Mandal  Dilip Kumar Das 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(2):197-209

In most soil ecosystems, soil biological activity and associated processes are concentrated in the rhizosphere soil and is influenced by the external application of plant nutrients. The impacts of boron and sulfur on soil biological properties were evaluated in an Aeric Haplaquept (pH 5.7) growing rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) as a test crop. Application of boron (B) at 2 mg kg^?1 in combination with sulfur (S) at 30 mg kg^?1 (B₂S₃₀) resulted in highest available Boron and sulfur of 0.239 and 15.4 mg kg^?1, respectively and registered 62.5% and 71.3% increase over control (B₀S₀) at 60 days of crop growth compared to individual applications. The microbial populations viz. phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) and nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) were the highest of 52.63 and 85.87 × 10⁵ g^?1 soil, respectively, CFU in B₂S₃₀ treatment at 60 days and adjudged as the best treatment combination for enhancement of soil biological indices and seed yield.  相似文献   

Organogenesis and foetal haemodynamics during the normal gestation of healthy black‐rumped agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha,Wagler, 1831) bred in captivity          下载免费PDF全文

FCA Sousa  GT Pessoa  LS Moura  JR Araújo  RPS Rodrigues  MAPS Barbosa  AN Diniz  AB Souza  EG Silva  LU Lucena  MP Sanches  OF Silva‐Filho  PC Guerra  JM Sousa  WC Neves  FR Alves 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(1):60-66

The objective of this study was to define the patterns of organogenesis and foetal haemodynamics during the normal gestation of healthy agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) kept in captivity. Thirty pregnant agoutis that ranged in size from small to medium and weighed between 2.5 and 3 kg underwent B‐mode and Doppler ultrasonography for the biometric evaluation of the foetal organs. The foetal aortic blood flow proved to be predominantly systolic, and the measured flow velocity was 78.89 ± 2.95 cm/s, with a maximum pressure gradient of 2.12 ± 0.27 mmHg. The liver was characterized by its large volume, occupying the entire cranial aspect of the abdominal cavity, and it was associated cranially with the diaphragm and caudally with the stomach. The flow velocity in the portal vein was estimated to equal 12.17 ± 2.37 cm/s, with a resistivity index of 0.82 ± 0.05. The gallbladder was centrally located and protruded cranially towards the diaphragm. The spleen was visualized as an elongated structure with tapered cranial and caudal extremities, and the foetal kidneys were visualized bilaterally in the retroperitoneal region, with the right kidney positioned slightly more cranially than the left. The morphological characterization and hemodynamic analysis of the foetal organs of black‐rumped agoutis via B‐mode and Doppler ultrasonography allow determination of the vascular network and of reference values for the blood flow required for perfusing the anatomical elements essential for maintaining the viability of foetuses at different gestational ages.  相似文献