Chemical changes of fish muscle during preservation with ammonia     

S K Mandal  S K Mukherjee 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1974,22(5):832-835

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Toxico-kinetics, recovery, and metabolism of napropamide in goats following a single high-dose oral administration     

Pahari AK  Majumdar S  Mandal TK  Chakraborty AK  Bhattacharyya A  Chowdhury A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(4):1817-1824

Toxicokinetic behavior, recovery and metabolism of napropamide (a pre-emergent herbicide) and its effect on Cytochrome P(450) of liver microsomal pellet were studied following a single high-dose oral administration of 2.5 g kg(-1) and continuous (7 days) oral administration of 500 mg kg(-1) in black Bengal goat. Napropamide was detected in blood at 15 min and the maximum quantity was recovered at 3 h after administration. The absorption rate constant (Ka) value was low indicating poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. High elimination half-life (t(1/2) beta) and low body clearance (Cl(B)) values coupled with higher transfer of compound from tissue to central compartment (K(21)) suggest that napropamide persisted in the blood for a long time, i.e., after 72 h of oral administration. The recovery percentage of napropamide, including metabolites, from goats varied from 75.94 to 80.08 and excretion of the parent compound through feces varied from 18.86 to 21.59%, indicating that a major portion of the orally administered napropamide was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of goat. Napropamide significantly increased the Cytochrome P(450) content of liver microsomal pellet. The recovery of metabolites from feces, urine, and tissues ranged from 4.2--6.2, 40.81--49.42, and 2.7--11.6%, respectively, during a 4--7 day period. The material balance of napropamide (including metabolites) following a single high-dose oral administration at 2.5 g kg(-1) during 4--7 days after dosing was found to be in the range of 75--80%.  相似文献   

Effect of manures and fertilizers on soil physical properties,build-up of macro and micronutrients and uptake in soil under different cropping systems: a review     

S. S. Dhaliwal  R. K. Naresh  Agniva Mandal  M. K. Walia  Raj K. Gupta  Rajveer Singh 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(20):2873-2900

Combined application of manures and fertilizers played a pivotal role in the improvement in soil physico-chemical properties, macro and micronutrients distribution and their transformations under different cropping systems. Based on a cropping system, the different levels of manures and fertilizers were used to study improvement in physico-chemical properties of soil. The aim was to explore the appropriate application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers for improved sustainable yields of a cropping system. Intensive cropping systems lead to N, P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn deficiencies in surface and subsurface soil, which could be refreshed with combined application of manures and fertilizers. The application of manures and fertilizers controls the pH and electrical conductivity of soil. Moreover, manures and fertilizers showed improvement is soil physical conditions viz. bulk density, particle density, porosity, and water holding capacity etc. Manuring coupled with fertilization helped to great extent for macro and micronutrient transformations in the soil. Under these transformations, the soil solution and water soluble component (fractions/pools) of soil is enriched with macro and micronutrients. There was a consistent declining trend of DTPA-extractable Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn in the sub-surface soil in comparison to the surface layer, which may be ascribed to increase in pH with increase in depth and decrease of organic matter with depth. Similarly, manures reduced the concentration of residual macro and micronutrients in soil. Recently, integrated nutrient management system (INMS) is gaining importance vis-a-vis maintaining the soil fertility with conjunctive use of chemical fertilizers plus organic manures.  相似文献   

Free-radical scavenging properties of low molecular weight peptide(s) isolated from S1 cultivar of mulberry leaves and their impact on Bombyx mori (L.) (Bombycidae)     

Suchisree Jha  Palash Mandal  Phalguni Bhattacharyya  Amitava Ghosh 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,5(1):16

The mulberry leaves have been considered as a sole food source for silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.). In present work an attempt was made to investigate the role of low molecular weight peptide(s) isolated from mulberry leaves on silkworm rearing. Also we have tried to find out the role of free-radical scavenging activities of isolated peptide(s) on silkworm growth. Larval growth rate was found effective under the influence of peptide(s). Consumption rate of larvae after peptide(s) treatment on mulberry leaves was significantly enhanced over control. High antioxidant activity was found in Low molecular weight peptide(s) which have an effect on silkworm.  相似文献   

Role of sponge gourd in apical leaf curl disease of potato in Northern India     

Sayed Sartaj Sohrab  Sajjad Karim  Anupam Varma  Adel M. Abuzenadah  Adeel Gulzar Chaudhary  Bikash Mandal 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(4):403-410

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the important vegetable crops in the world and its production is seriously affected by apical leaf curl disease in northern India. This paper reveals the role of cucurbits in maintaining Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and Potato apical leaf curl (PALCD) disease in that region. The affected plants showed severe leaf curling and stunted growth. The begomovirus causing leaf curling and mosaic disease in cucurbits could be easily transmitted by the whitefly to potato crops and develop apical leaf curl disease in northern India. The movement of the virus by whiteflies from cucurbits to potato and tomato is possible because of overlapping of planting and harvesting dates of these crops. The causal virus was identified as a begomovirus on the basis of whitefly transmission, PCR, dot blot hybridization, cloning and sequencing of the coat protein gene. The comparison of full length coat protein gene sequence homology revealed that 90% identity with the coat protein gene of ToLCNDV- [Luffa] isolate and the phylogenetic tree derived from these sequences with other selected begomoviruses formed a close cluster with ToLCNDV isolates. The findings proved that the virus causing disease in cucurbits could easily move to tomato and potato and cause leaf curl disease naturally. This is the first observation on the role of sponge gourd for maintenance of ToLCNDV and serving as a host for PALCD in northern India. The findings indicate that the causal organism is a strain of ToLCNDV.  相似文献   

The functioning and sustainability of village crop protection brigades in Niger     

AB A. de Groot 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):243-248

In 1992 and 1993, two studies were executed in Niger to evaluate the functioning and sustainability of village plant protection brigades. The history of these brigades, their functioning, and the way the training was put into practice are discussed, as well as the problems encountered by the brigadiers. Also, the division of benefits of the brigade within the villages is dealt with. The approach adopted by the programme is discussed. It is argued that It is unlikely that many brigades will continue to exist after the end of the programme, given the costs and availability of pesticides and equipment. The fact that the bigger and richer farmers within the village benefit most undermines community based‐support. The roots of these problems can be traced back to the top‐down approach. A more participatory approach, based on the enhancement of farmers’ decision‐making and their knowledge of the environment and its risks, is advocated.  相似文献   

Effect of substituting live feed with formulated feed on the reproductive performance and fry survival of Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens (Regan, 1910)     

Mandal SC  Kohli MP  Das P  Singh SK  Munilkumar S  Sarma K  Baruah K 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2012,38(2):573-584

This study aimed to elucidate the effect of partial or complete replacement of live feed (LF) (Tubifex) with formulated feed (FF) on the reproductive performance of Betta splendens. Three hundred B. splendens fry (average weight 0.19 ± 0.01 g) were equally distributed into five different groups, each with three replicates. They were fed for 105 days with following different diets: control (C)—100% LF; T1—75% LF, 25% FF; T2—50% LF, 50% FF; T3—25% LF, 75% FF, and T4—100% FF. Results showed that the average number of hatched larvae (654 ± 101) and fry survival after 2 weeks of rearing (428 ± 70), after completion of three spawning, were recorded highest in the control group, which was, however, not significantly different from the T1, T2, and T3 groups. At the end of the feeding trial, the highest hatching percentage (90.3%) was registered in the T2 group, which was not significantly different from the control and T1 groups. The T2 group also recorded highest fry survival (65.54%) after completion of three spawning, which was not significantly (P < 0.05) different from the T1 and T3 groups. Control diet contained higher saturated fatty acid (63.23%) than formulated diet (29.80%). In the whole-body tissue, highest level of EPA (0.42%) and DHA (3.13%) were found in the T4 group followed by T3 group. The DHA/EPA ration was recorded highest in the T2 group (10.96%), which did not differ significantly from the T1 and T3 groups. Significant positive correlation was observed between saturated fatty acid levels in fish whole-body tissue and number of hatched larvae (Y = 30.81 × −825.3, R ² = 0.968) and fry survival after 2 weeks of rearing (Y = 21.38 × −580.9, R ² = 0.967). Considering all these factors, it can be concluded that the live feed Tubifex can be replaced up to 50% without any adverse effect on the reproductive performance and fry survival of B. splendens.  相似文献   

Agricultural Activities Influence Nitrate and Fluoride Contamination in Drinking Groundwater of an Intensively Cultivated District in India     

Kundu  Manik Chandra  Mandal  Biswapati 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,203(1-4):243-259

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - This study was conducted to determine the metal (Ag, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn) tolerance and uptake of Mitchell grasses when grown on waste...  相似文献   

Variability,heritability and character association analysis of chemoagronomic traits in Rauwolfia serpentina     

Gufran Usmani  Pravin H. Chawhaan  Yogeshwar Mishra  Asim Kumar Mandal 《Euphytica》2014,200(2):259-268

An investigation was carried out with 25 populations of Rauwolfia serpentina to assess variability, association of yield components and their direct and indirect effects on yield. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among 25 populations of R. serpentina for all the traits. Heritability estimates in broad sense were high for most of the traits and moderate for number of primary root branch. As in case of heritability, expected genetic advance was the highest for plant height, number of primary stem branch, reserpine content (%) in root, the most important trait for commercial utilization. Correlation analysis indicated positive and significant phenotypic correlation of reserpine content with root length and total alkaloid content (%) and significant negative association with root diameter. The partitioning of genotypic correlation coefficient into direct and indirect effects revealed total alkaloid content and root yield were the most important direct contributors to reserpine percent in root. It is concluded that accessions with more alkaloid content and root length are likely to yield more reserpine content in root and these characters can be considered to be reliable traits for selection of high reserpine content in root.  相似文献   

In planta detection of Macrophomina phaseolina from jute (Corchorus olitorius) by a sodium acetate-based direct PCR method     

Chinmay Biswas  Piyali Dey  Kunal Mandal  Subrata Satpathy  P. G. Karmakar 《Phytoparasitica》2014,42(5):673-676

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is the most important pathogen of jute and primarily causes seedling blight, leaf spot and stem rot. The pathogen was detected from field samples by a simple method of direct PCR (dPCR) which obviates the steps of DNA extraction. The leaf bits were treated with a lysis buffer at 65°C for 25 min, whereas the stem pieces were initially incubated at 65°C for 5 min followed by incubation at 60°C for 25 min and the lysate was used as PCR template. Based on the type of tissue, the composition and concentration of lysis buffer systems were optimized. For leaf samples the optimized buffer system composed of 20 mmol l ^-1 tris (hydroxymethyl aminomethane (Tris)-Cl (pH 8.0), 1.5 mmol l ^-1 ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA) (pH 8.0), 1.4 mol l ^-1 sodium acetate and 200 μg/ml proteinase K. Further, 3% PVP (w/v) and β-mercaptoethanol (1% w/v) were added into the buffer. In case of stem samples, PVP was not applied and higher concentrations were used for other components. M. phaseolina could be detected from both leaf and stem samples generating amplicon of 350 bp. This is the first report of detecting M. phaseolina by a direct PCR method without DNA extraction.  相似文献