Performance of complement fixation test and confirmatory immunoblot as two-cascade testing approach for serodiagnosis of glanders in an endemic region of South East Asia     

Khan I  Elschner MC  Melzer F  Gwida M  Wieler LH  Ali R  Saqib M  Neubauer H 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2012,125(3-4):117-121

Various serological tests were used for the diagnosis of glanders in the past but still complement fixation test (CFT) is the internationally prescribed test for trading equines. A new immunoblot (IB) technique has recently been introduced to overcome the well known shortcomings of CFT i. e. a considerable number of false positive and negative results and anticomplementary effects of sera. The objective of this study was the comparative evaluation of two glanders CFT antigens commercially available at Central Veterinary Institute ofWageningen UR, Lelystad, NL (CIDC) and at c.c.pro GmbH, Oberdorla, DE (c.c.pro) in a glanders endemic area regarding specificity and sensitivity. A total of 1678 serum samples from the endemic region (Province Punjab, Pakistan) and a non-endemic area (Germany) were analysed. All sera tested positive or suspicious with CFT were analysed by the confirmatory IB to exclude CFT false positive results. Both CFT antigens showed 100% sensitivity. The use of CIDC or c.c.pro antigen resulted in specificities of 77.45% or 75.71% for sera from endemic area and 93.75% or 94.79% for sera from non-endemic areas, respectively. The results demonstrate the different performances of identical tests in different epidemiologically settings. Based on these results, the combined use of CFT and IB is highly suggestive for the serodiagnosis of glanders. Good agreement was calculated between CFT (using either c.c.pro or CIDC antigen) and immunoblot.  相似文献   

Role for students in surveillance     

S Jeckel  R Pearson  V Brewster  J Brownlie  M Nevel 《The Veterinary record》2012,171(7):181-182

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Predictive value of hypoglycin A and methylencyclopropylacetic acid conjugates in a horse with atypical myopathy in comparison to its cograzing partners          下载免费PDF全文

M. Bochnia  W. Scheidemann  J. Ziegler  J. Sander  S. Vollstedt  M. Glatter  N. Janzen  M. Terhardt  A. Zeyner 《Equine Veterinary Education》2018,30(1):24-28

Hypoglycin A (HGA) was detected in blood and urine of a horse suffering from atypical myopathy (AM; Day 2, serum, 8290 μg/l; urine: Day 1, 574, Day 2, 742 μg/l) and in its cograzing partners with a high variability (46–1570 μg/l serum). Over the period of disease, the level of the toxic metabolites (methylencyclopropylacetic acid [MCPA]‐conjugates) increased in body fluids of the AM horse (MCPA‐carnitine: Day 2, 0.246, Day 3, 0.581 μmol/l serum; MCPA‐carnitine: Day 2, 0.621, Day 3, 0.884 μmol/mmol creatinine in urine) and HGA decreased rapidly (Day 3, 2430 μg/l serum). In cograzing horses MCPA‐conjugates were not detected. HGA in seeds ranged from 268 to 367 μg/g. Although HGA was present in body fluids of healthy cograzing horses, MCPA‐conjugates were not detectable, in contrast to the AM horse. Therefore, increasing concentrations of MCPA‐conjugates are supposed to be linked with the onset of AM and both parameters seem to indicate the clinical stage of disease. However, detection of HGA in body fluids of cograzing horses might be a promising step in preventing the disease.  相似文献   

小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)N蛋白的表达与ELISA检测方法的建立     

张喜悦  王志亮  刘春菊  李林  包静月  何昭阳  Mandy C  Carrie B  Anderson J 《中国兽医学报》2008,28(2):146-149

通过对下载的16株小反刍兽疫病毒（PPRV）N基因片段进行序列分析,合成了PPRV N基因。用NP1和NP2引物扩增。纯化的PPRV N基因在T4DNA连接酶的作用下,和PET32-a载体进行连接反应构建重组质粒pET-a-PPRV-N。经诱导表达和纯化后,得到了大量的PPRV N蛋白。用PPRV N蛋白制备免疫血清,经国际标准血清标化后作为参考阳性血清,同时以PPRV N蛋白为抗原建立间接ELISA（I-ELISA）方法。对山东省的467份羊血清检测,使用S/P（样品值/阳性值）平均值加3倍标准差的方法,计算出其临界点为0.28。应用间接ELISA和针对H蛋白的单抗为基础的C-ELISA检测来自于疫区的69份血清,结果两者的符合率为79.7%。  相似文献   

Pflanzenschutz mit Pflanzenextrakten (Botanicals): Hintergründe,zwei Fallstudien,Schlussfolgerungen und Standortbestimmung     

Wilhelm Dercks  Stefanie Hackel  Hannes Witte  Malte Michaelsen  Mandy Neuber  Ute Gärber  Hubertus Kleeberg 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2014,66(1):1-16

Plant extracts (botanicals) are of special significance for plant protection, especially in organic farming. This is due to their origin, specific modes of action, toxicological and ecotoxicological properties as well as to ever changing legal, patent, economic and social/political issues. This paper surveys this complex background and presents data on two selected botanicals which pertain to the use of extract fractions from Glycyrrhiza glabra (sweet wood) for control of Bremia lactucae (downy mildew) in lettuce and azadirachtin for control of leafhoppers in Melissa officinalis L. Both compounds exhibited good effects in the greenhouse which were less pronounced or absent in the field. The effects of sweet wood were strongest when applied twice preventively at 5?% concentration. In the greenhouse, this resulted in a lower number of infected plants and smaller leaf areas attacked by the downy mildew pathogen at high disease pressure. Azadirachtin (plant protection chemical NeemAzal®-T/S in combination with the additive Trifolio S-forte; 1.5 l/ha + 3 l/ha in 600 l water per hektar, 3 applications, interval 7 days) was better in controlling leaf hoppers than natural pyrethrins in combination with rapeseed oil (Spruzit Schädlingsfrei; 6 l/ha in 1,000 l water per hektar, 1 application) in the greenhouse and exhibited very high insecticidal efficacy almost equivalent to that of thiacloprid (Calypso 480 SC; 0.12 l/ha in 400 l water per hektar, 1 application) at moderate disease pressure. Thiacloprid, however, is not applicable in organic farming. In order to introduce these promising results in practical plant protection further fundamental studies are needed. These can only be realized by a joint effort of private companies, research and plant protection institutions, as well as public funding bodies. This article is not meant as a presentation of “perfect” results, it is rather an example of the problems and pitfalls that need to be overcome during development of a botanical and its applications. They are the reason why the market for botanicals will remain small.  相似文献   

Short-chain fatty acid administration via water acidifier improves feed efficiency and modulates fecal microbiota in weaned piglets     

Mandy M Lingbeek  Klaudyna Borewicz  Erica Febery  Yanming Han  John Doelman  Sandra J A van Kuijk 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(11)

This study examined the effect of a water acidifier containing free and buffered short-chain fatty acids (SCFA-WA) on growth performance and microbiota of weaned piglets. In total, 192 male piglets, approximately 4 wk of age, were allocated to 24 pens (12 per treatment) with 8 piglets per pen. The piglets received either regular drinking water (negative control) or drinking water with the acidifier supplied at 2 L/1,000 L. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly on pen level. During the first 2 wk, daily visual assessment and scoring of the feces was conducted. Fecal samples of three piglets per pen were collected on days 14 and 42 for high-throughput sequencing analysis of the microbiota. Piglets offered SCFA-WA had significantly improved feed efficiency in the third week (P = 0.025) and over the whole study period (days 0 to 42, P = 0.042) compared with piglets in the negative control group, with a strong tendency observed during the first feeding phase (days 0 to 21, P = 0.055). Furthermore, the water acidifier group had a higher water intake than piglets provided with control water during the second feeding phase (days 21 to 42, P = 0.028) and over the whole study period (days 0 to 42, P = 0.043). There was no significant difference in body weight, average daily gain, or average daily feed intake (days 0 to 21, 21 to 42, 0 to 42). Furthermore, there was no overall significant difference in fecal scoring between the treatments. In terms of the fecal microbiota response, piglets offered the water acidifier showed a significantly higher relative abundance (RA) of genus Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and a lower RA of genus Streptococcus compared to the control. Furthermore, the redundancy analysis showed a positive association between improved feed efficiency and daily weight gain and RA of Butyricicoccus and Faecalibacterium. In conclusion, consumption of the water acidifier containing free and buffered SCFA modulated the microbiota and improved feed efficiency in piglets.  相似文献   

Infectious ideas: Modelling the diffusion of ideas across social networks     

Mandy Haggith  Ravi Prabhu  Carol J. Pierce Colfer  Bill Ritchie  Alan Thomson  Happyson Mudavanhu 《Small-Scale Forestry》2003,2(2):225-239

Will the practice of collecting wild honey wearing no clothes become a widespread practice in Zimbabwe? Or will beekeeping take over as the main way that people acquire honey? Both practices impact on forest resources; how can the foresters influence the uptake of these ideas? This paper describes an exploratory modelling study investigating how social network patterns affect the way ideas spread around communities. It concludes that increasing the density of social networks increases the spread of successful ideas whilst speeding the loss of ideas with no competitive advantage. Some different kinds of competitive advantage are explored in the context of forest management and rural extension.  相似文献   

Thin film occlusion of an intra-abdominal vein in cats     

Kristin A. Freund DVM  Mandy L. Wallace DVM  MS  DACVS-SA  Scott A. Secrest DVM  MS  DACVR  Danielle E. Lieske DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(2):354-362

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Serological and molecular investigation for brucellosis in swine in selected districts of Uganda     

Joseph Erume  Kristina Roesel  Michel M. Dione  Francis Ejobi  Gerald Mboowa  Joseph M. Kungu  Joyce Akol  Danilo Pezo  Hosny El-Adawy  Falk Melzer  Mandy Elschner  Heinrich Neubauer  Delia Grace 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(6):1147-1155

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Screening for grain dormancy in segregating generations of dormant × non-dormant crosses in white-grained wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.)     

Lee T. Hickey  Mark J. Dieters  Ian H. DeLacy  Mandy J. Christopher  Olena Y. Kravchuk  Phillip M. Banks 《Euphytica》2010,172(2):183-195

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a significant problem. Introgression of genes controlling grain dormancy into white-grained bread wheat is one means of improving resistance to PHS. In this study seven dormant (containing the SW95-50213 and AUS1408 sources) × non-dormant crosses were produced to investigate the effectiveness of selection for grain dormancy in early segregating generations. Each generation (F₁–F₄) was grown in a temperature controlled glasshouse with an extended photoperiod (i.e. continuous light). F₂ and F₃ generations were subject to selection. Five hundred harvest-ripe grains were tested for germination over a 14 day period, and the 100 most dormant grains were retained and grown-on to produce the next generation within each cross. The response to selection was assessed through analysis of the time to 50% germination (G₅₀) in the F₂, F₃ and F₄ generations. In addition, changes in marker class frequencies for two SSR markers (barc170 and gpw2279) flanking a known quantitative trait locus (QTL) for grain dormancy on chromosome 4A were assessed in DNA from F₂ plants selected from early germinating (non-dormant) and late germinating (dormant) phenotypic extremes within each cross. Selection for grain dormancy in the F₂ and F₃ generations effectively recovered the dormant phenotype in all seven crosses, i.e. the F₄ generation was not significantly different from the dormant parent. Further, selection based on individual F₂ grains changed marker class frequencies for the 4A dormancy QTL; in most cases eliminating the marker class homozygous for the non-dormant alleles. Application of this screening method will enable breeders to better select for grain dormancy and may lead to development of new cultivars offering effective resistance to PHS in the near future.  相似文献