Evaluation of the influences of exercise, birth date, and osteochondrosis on plasma bone marker concentrations in Hanoverian Warmblood foals     

Vervuert I  Winkelsett S  Christmann L  Bruns E  Hoppen HO  Distl O  Hertsch B  Coenen M 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(12):1319-1323

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether plasma concentrations of bone turnover markers in growing Hanoverian foals are influenced by age, housing conditions, or osteochondrosis. ANIMALS: 165 healthy foals and 119 foals with osteochondrosis. PROCEDURES: Foals were allocated according to birth date and housing management into groups of early-born (born before March 31, 2001; n = 154 foals, 88 of which were healthy and 66 of which had osteochondrosis) and late-born (born after March 31, 2001; 130 foals, 77 of which were healthy and 53 of which had osteochondrosis) foals. Plasma osteocalcin and carboxyterminal propeptide of type I collagen concentrations were analyzed as markers of bone formation, and carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen concentration was analyzed as a marker of bone resorption. Foals underwent radiographic evaluation to screen for osteochondrosis. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of osteocalcin, carboxyterminal propeptide of type I collagen, and carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen decreased with age, but these changes were more distinct in late-born foals than in early-born foals. Neither sex nor predisposition to develop osteochondrosis affected the pattern of bone marker changes in either group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: An age-related decrease in concentrations of bone markers was seen during the first 200 days of life. Changes in bone marker concentrations were similar for foals with osteochondrosis and healthy foals. The correlation between the decrease in bone marker concentration and date of birth indicates that there are differences in skeletal development between early- and late-born foals.  相似文献   

In-vitro susceptibility testing of Leptospira by a modified broth microdilution methods     

Theodoridis D  Schwarz S  Kietzmann M  Strutzberg-Minder K 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,120(1-2):50-60

In Germany, the application of antimicrobial agents represents the method of choice to control infections of food-producing animals by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. However, only few data are available on the susceptibility of Leptospira spp. against antimicrobial agents and the in vivo efficacy of antimicrobial agents. Based on a modified broth microdilution method, a standardised in-vitro susceptibility testing system for Leptospira spp. was established which also included quality control aspects. Considering the minimum inhibitory concentrations determined in this study in-vivo efficacy is expected for the following classes of antimicrobial agents: penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, phenicols, and in part also for aminoglycosides and tetracyclines. Clinical aspects and bioavailability of the drugs in the target tissues have to be taken into account. Penicillins and aminoglycosides as commonly used inhibitory supplements in semen extender seem to be effective against leptospires.  相似文献   

Ultrasonographic imaging of abomasal milk clotting and abomasal diameter in healthy and diarrheic calves          下载免费PDF全文

Daniela Kirchner  Lea Schwedhelm  Julia Wenge  Ilka Steinhöfel  Christian Heinrich  Manfred Coenen  Lisa Bachmann 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(11):929-936

In case of diarrhea calves are treated with oral rehydration solutions (ORS), which are known to increase abomasal pH and inhibit milk clotting in vitro. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that ORS with HCO₃^‐ ≤ 62 mmol/L do not interfere with abomasal milk clotting in healthy calves. However, in diarrheic calves, feeding ORS and milk simultaneously may disturb abomasal curd formation and exacerbate diarrhea due to faster abomasal passage of ingesta. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to ultrasonographically examine abomasal milk clotting and diameter after feeding milk and milk replacer (MR) with and without ORS to healthy and diarrheic calves. Abomasal curd formation and diameter in healthy and diarrheic calves were ultrasonographically imaged before and after feeding milk, MR and ORS prepared in milk or MR. Feeding mixtures of milk or MR with ORS did not cause any remarkable differences in the ultrasonographic images of abomasal content. Moreover, abomasal milk clotting was not disturbed due to diarrhea. Statistically significant differences of abomasal diameter after feeding between healthy and diarrheic calves indicated that abomasal emptying is delayed in diarrheic calves. Hence, further studies are needed to determine reasons for decelerated abomasal passage in calves suffering from diarrhea.  相似文献   

Economics. Spying on others evolves     

Milinski M  Rockenbach B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5837):464-465

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Characterization of cation exchange capacity (CEC) for agricultural land-use areas     

Detlef Deumlich  Jürgen Thiere  Manfred Altermann 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):767-784

Spatial assessment of soil properties needs conversion of point data to an area-oriented model. Methods are required that create a reproducible map. The development of a map is shown by the example of cation exchange capacity. Twenty sorption types are formed and derived from the vertical sequence of values for substrate types and are aggregated to six main types. A qualitative assessment of the main CEC sorption types is carried out with comparative ranking. The association of different substrate types on an areal soil pattern requires the identification of sorption association types. These are shown by the areal share of the main sorption types for the substrate types involved in each case. For interpreting the site parameters from the MMK (Mittelmaßstäbige Landwirtschaftliche Standortkartierung), the procedure is presented in detail. An example of the results is shown with CEC maps. Tables complement the visualization for different areas, defined by administrative or natural landscape boundaries. The application of this method for relative evaluation of CEC is demonstrated using KA5-rules. The CEC characterization of agricultural areas can be reproduced on the basis of the mapping units of soil maps with different scales (BÜK 200). The areal-specific labeling of CEC constitutes soil-related decision guideline.  相似文献   

Einfluß der Lagerungsdichte des Bodens auf Keimung und Entwicklung von Sommergerste     

Anton Kunze  Manfred Kaiser  Antonin Straňák 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(10):927-938

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Cattle and sheep use different promoters to direct the expression of the aromatase cytochrome P450 encoding gene, Cyp19, during pregnancy     

Vanselow J  Fürbass R  Rehbock F  Klautschek G  Schwerin M 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2004,27(2):99-114

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Pontamine fast scarlet 4B: a new fluorescent dye for visualising cell wall organisation in radiata pine tracheids   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jimmy Thomas  Manfred Ingerfeld  Hema Nair  Shakti Singh Chauhan  David A. Collings 《Wood Science and Technology》2013,47(1):59-75

Using confocal microscopy, tracheid wall organisation was investigated with pontamine fast scarlet 4B (P4B), a cellulose-specific stain that fluoresced red following green excitation. P4B fluorescence was present throughout unlignified walls (cambium, ray cells, resin canals and parenchyma cells) and in two concentric bands around opposite and compression wood tracheids. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated these bands as the S1 and S3 layers of normal wood, and the S1 and inner S2 layers of compression wood. Fluorescence was also strongly dependent on the polarisation of the excitation light, a phenomenon referred to as bifluorescence. Compared to two other cell wall stains, Congo red and calcofluor white, P4B showed a higher specificity for the S1 and S3 layers and increased bifluorescence. These results suggest that P4B is an ideal tool with which to investigate the orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the S1 and S3 layers of the tracheid wall.  相似文献   

Prevalence and significant geospatial clusters of bovine tuberculosis infection at livestock–wildlife interface ecosystem in Eastern Tanzania     

Richard Simon Mwakapuja  Zachariah Ephraim Makondo  Joseph Malakalinga  Ward Bryssinckx  Robinson Hammerthon Mdegela  Irmgard Moser  Rudovick Reuben Kazwala  Manfred Tanner 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(5):1223-1230

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is an important neglected zoonosis that affects livestock, wildlife and human. A study to determine prevalence and geospatial clusters for BTB was conducted from June 2010 to March 2012 at livestock–wildlife interface areas (LWIA). A total of 1,288 cattle located in vicinity of Mikumi-Selous ecosystem Tanzania were tested. Single Intradermal Comparative Tuberculin Test and spatial scan statistic analysis were applied to establish the status of the disease and identify significant spatial BTB clusters. Overall individual prevalence was 3.7 % (n?=?1,288) (95 % CI?=?2.8–4.9) and 7.8 % (95 % CI?=?6.4–9.4) with cut-off of >4 and >2 mm, respectively. Villages with at least one reactor were 55.8 % (n?=?43). Reactivity was significantly higher in Mvomero and Kilosa districts compared with Kilombero and Ulanga districts (χ ²?=?15.9; P?<?0.001). Significant spatial BTB clusters were revealed at 11 villages. BTB clustering was significant in Kilosa and Mvomero districts compared with Kilombero and Ulanga districts. There was overlap and aggregation of BTB clusters covering south and south-east of Kilosa district bordering Mikumi National Park (MNP) and Mvomero. Generally, clustering occurred around major rivers. The current study provides useful information on the dynamics and epidemiological status of BTB around the wildlife–livestock–human interface, it reveals that the wildlife are at risk of BTB from infected livestock. The study revealed hotspots for BTB that can be applied to guide implementation of participatory intervention at LWIA and control strategies in marginalised pastoralist communities. This study calls for similar studies in other Tanzania’s LWIA for efficient intervention of BTB countrywide.  相似文献   

Nonuraemic nonfatal idiopathic calciphylaxis in a kitten     

Nina Thom  Elif Er  Manfred Reinacher 《Veterinary dermatology》2013,24(5):547-e131

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