Differences between Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh and C. cajanifolius (Haines) van der Maesen, the progenitor species of pigeonpea     

Nalini Mallikarjuna  Kulbushan Saxena  Jhansi Lakshmi  Rajeev Varshney  Sandhya Srikanth  Deepak Jadhav 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(3):411-417

A study was undertaken to know the difference/diversity between pigeonpea and its closely related wild species C. cajanifolius by studying their morphology, crossability, cytology of the hybrid between the two, and molecular studies. Studies revealed that there are at least 5–6 traits that separate the two species such as flower morphology, pod color and morphology, pod constriction, seed color and strophiole, 100 seed weight that separate C. cajan from C. cajanifolius. Molecular studies revealed that a genetic dissimilarity index value ranging from 0.81 to 0.94 exists between the two species.  相似文献   

Whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) resistance in rice variety Sinna Sivappu     

Kandu Ramesh  G. Padmavathi  Ram Deen  Manish K. Pandey  V. Jhansi Lakshmi  J. S. Bentur 《Euphytica》2014,200(1):139-148

Whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) along with brown planthopper (BPH) has emerged as a major pest of rice in several Asian countries. Development and cultivation of varieties resistant to both planthoppers is an ecologically acceptable strategy to manage these pests. Sinna Sivappu, a Sri Lankan landrace, was reported to be resistant to both planthoppers. While inheritance of BPH resistance has been reported, the genetics of WBPH resistance in this variety is not known. Using a mapping population of 255 F_2:3 families from Taichung Native (TN)1/Sinna Sivappu cross and 128 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for WBPH resistance quantified in ten phenotypic tests were identified, adopting classical Mendelian segregation, correlation and QTL analyses. The inheritance pattern suggested that a single recessive gene controlled regulation of seedling damage score. Antixenosis or nymphal preference was influenced by two complementary recessive genes, whereas tolerance in terms of days to wilt was under the influence of a single dominant gene. Several of these phenotypic tests recorded high degree of positive or negative correlation between them, suggesting dependence or redundancy of the tests. QTL analysis revealed 13 loci associated with nine traits. Five major-effect QTLs were detected for damage score (chromosome 6), nymphal survival (chromosome 12), and days to wilt (three QTLs on chromosome 4). We suggest involvement of four WBPH resistance genes in Sinna Sivappu, designated as wbph9(t), wbph10(t), wbph11(t), and Wbph12(t). One of the recessive genes could be allelic to any of the recessive genes reported in cluster C on chromosome 6 which might confer resistance to both BPH and WBPH.  相似文献   

Ancient noncoding elements conserved in the human genome     

Venkatesh B  Kirkness EF  Loh YH  Halpern AL  Lee AP  Johnson J  Dandona N  Viswanathan LD  Tay A  Venter JC  Strausberg RL  Brenner S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5807):1892

Cartilaginous fishes represent the living group of jawed vertebrates that diverged from the common ancestor of human and teleost fish lineages about 530 million years ago. We generated approximately 1.4x genome sequence coverage for a cartilaginous fish, the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii), and compared this genome with the human genome to identify conserved noncoding elements (CNEs). The elephant shark sequence revealed twice as many CNEs as were identified by whole-genome comparisons between teleost fishes and human. The ancient vertebrate-specific CNEs in the elephant shark and human genomes are likely to play key regulatory roles in vertebrate gene expression.  相似文献   

Effect of FMD vaccine antigen payload on protection, sub-clinical infection and persistence following needle challenge in sheep     

Muthukrishnan Madhanmohan  Singanallur Balasubramanian Nagendrakumar  Mangamoori Lakshmi Narasu  Villuppanoor Alwar Srinivasan   《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2010,33(6):e7-e13

The relationship of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) virus antigen payload and single and double vaccinations in conferring protection against virus challenge in sheep was studied. Sheep vaccinated with half the cattle dose (1 ml) containing 15 and 3.75 μg of FMDV antigen with or without booster resisted virulent challenge on 21 days post vaccination or 7 days post booster. FMDV RNA could be detected in nasal secretions in 26% of vaccinated sheep (10^3.12 to 10^3.82 viral RNA copies) on day 35 post challenge. No live virus could be isolated after 5 days post challenge indicating that the risk of transmission of disease was probably very low. The finding showed that vaccines containing antigen payload of 1.88 μg may prevent or reduce the local virus replication at the oropharynx and shedding of virus from nasal secretions and thereby reduce the amount of virus released into the environment subsequent to exposure to live virus. Sheep with no vaccination or with poor sero conversion to vaccination can be infected without overt clinical signs and became carriers.  相似文献   

Effects of salinity and photoperiod on the burying behavior of brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus Ives     

G.J. Lakshmi  A. Venkataramiah  G. Gunter 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1976,8(4):327-336

The burying behavior of Penaeus aztecus was investigated with respect to both short-term and long-term exposures to combinations of four salinities (8.5, 17.0 and 25.5 and 34.0 ‰) and three photoperiods (total darkness, total light or partial light). Exposure either to total dark or total light regimes disturbed the diurnal rhythm and altered the normal body color of the shrimp. However, long-term exposures did not change the salinity-related burying responses. In response to light stimulii, greater numbers of shrimp always buried in lower (8.5 and 17.0‰) than in higher salinities, particularly 34.0‰. On the basis of the parallel relationship between burying responses and growth rates, burying behavior was interpreted as a means of conserving energy, which in turn may promote greater growth in brown shrimp.  相似文献   

PCR-RFLP analysis of chloroplast gene regions in Cajanus (Leguminosae) and allied genera     

Mukkamala Lakshmi  Padmanabhan Senthilkumar  Madasamy Parani  Mundaya Narayanan Jithesh  Ajay Kumar Parida 《Euphytica》2000,116(3):243-250

Twenty-eight species belonging to five genera of the sub tribe Cajaninae; viz., Cajanus(15 species), Rhynchosia (10 species), Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx were analysed for variations in four chloroplast generegions, rbcL, trnS-psbC, 16S and trnL-UAA. The four chloroplast gene regions were amplified with specific primers and subsequently digested with 15 restriction enzymes. Rhynchosia did not show any inter-specific differences in the four gene regions for any of the enzymes used. In Cajanus, the inter-specific PCR-RFLP profile of the four gene regions for all the enzymes were similar except for the Pst I digests of trnS-psbC gene region. At inter-generic level, rbcL gene region did not show polymorphism with any of the enzymes used; while in trnS-psbC gene region polymorphism was observed only with Pst I and Hae III digestions. Inter-generic PCR-RFLP of 16S did not reveal any variation. The trnL-UAA gene region had restriction site only forEcoR I in which Cajanus and Rhynchosia showed similar profiles while Dunbaria showed a different profile. The trnL-UAA gene region in Paracalyx and Flemingia did not have restriction site for this enzyme. Despite the analyses of four gene regions using 15 restriction enzymes, differentiation at genus level could not be obtained. These observations indicated limited divergence of the chloroplast genome among the four genera of the sub-tribe Cajaninae suggesting close relationships of the taxa. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Effects of oral administration of 5 immunosuppressive agents on activated T-cell cytokine expression in healthy dogs     

Todd M. Archer  Charlee Mulligan  Lakshmi Narayanan  Caitlin Riggs  Claire Fellman  John M. Thomason  Robert W. Wills  Dawn M. Boothe  Crisanta Cruz-Espindola  Roy Harmon  Andrew J. Mackin 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(3):1206-1213

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Hexane Extract of Raphanus sativus L. Roots Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells by Modulating Genes Related to Apoptotic Pathway     

Syed Sultan Beevi  Lakshmi Narasu Mangamoori  Murugan Subathra  Jyotheeswara Reddy Edula 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(3):200-209

Raphanus sativus, a common cruciferous vegetable has been attributed to possess a number of pharmacological and therapeutic properties. It has been used in indigenous system of medicine for the treatment of various human ailments in India. This present study evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of different parts of R. sativus such as root, stem and leaves, extracted with solvents of varying polarity and investigated the molecular mechanism leading to growth arrest and apoptotic cell death in human cancer cell lines. Of the different parts, significant growth inhibitory effect was observed with hexane extract of R. sativus root. Analysis of hexane extract by GC-MS revealed the presence of several isothiocyanates (ITCs) such as 4-(methylthio)-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (MTBITC), 4-(methylthio)-3-butyl isothiocyanate (erucin), 4-methylpentyl isothiocyanate, 4-pentenyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphene. R. sativus root extract induced cell death both in p53 proficient and p53 deficient cell lines through induction of apoptotic signaling pathway regardless of the p53 status of cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying R. sativus-induced apoptosis may involve interactions among Bcl₂ family genes, as evidenced by up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes along with activation of Caspase-3. Our findings present the first evidence that hexane extract of R. sativus root exerts potential chemopreventive efficacy and induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines through modulation of genes involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.  相似文献   

Relative efficacy of strobilurin formulations in the control of downy mildew of sunflower     

J. Sudisha  S. R. Niranjana  S. L. Sukanya  R. Girijamba  N. Lakshmi Devi  H. Shekar Shetty 《Journal of pest science》2010,83(4):461-470

The efficacy of three commercial formulations of strobilurins, viz., trifloxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, and azoxystrobin was evaluated against sunflower downy mildew disease caused by Plasmopara halstedii under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. Complete inhibition of sporangial sporulation, zoospore release, and motility was observed with 2 μg ml⁻¹ in trifloxystrobin, and 5 μg ml⁻¹ for azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl. Seed treatment with different concentrations of strobilurins enhanced seed germination and seedling vigor of sunflower to varying degrees compared to control. Highest seed germination was recorded at 10 μg ml⁻¹ in kresoxim-methyl, and maximum seedling vigor was noticed with trifloxystrobin at 30 μg ml⁻¹. The effect of strobilurins was tested as seed treatment, foliar application, and seed treatment followed by foliar application. Under greenhouse conditions none of the concentrations used, either as seed treatment and foliar application, were phytotoxic. For the three strobilurins, the seed treatment along with foliar application enhanced the protection of the plants as compared to only the treatment of seeds. Foliar spray treatments alone provided an intermediate control of the disease. Trifloxystrobin showed a better effect than kresoxim-methyl and azoxystrobin. Disease curative activity of trifloxystrobin was higher compared to kresoxim-methyl and azoxystrobin. Tested fungicides when applied on adaxial leaf surface showed partial translaminar activity, and disease inhibition was marginal. Loss of trifloxystrobin and azoxystrobin activity over time was low, indicating stable rainfastness residual activity. A trend in protection against downy mildew disease similar to greenhouse results was evident in the field trials. This is the first report of strobilurins exhibiting high activity against P. halstedii and is a promising fungicide for controlling sunflower downy mildew disease by seed treatment and foliar spray.  相似文献   

Nutrigenetic Screening Strains of the Mulberry Silkworm, Bombyx mori, for Nutritional Efficiency     

R Chinnaswamy  H Lakshmi  SS Kumari  CM Anuradha  CS Kumar 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2012,12(3):1-18

Abstract The activity of sericulture is declining due the reduction of mulberry production area in sericulture practicing countries lead to adverse effects on silkworm rearing and cocoon production. Screening for nutrigenetic traits in silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is an essential prerequisite for better understanding and development of nutritionally efficient breeds/hybrids, which show less food consumption with higher efficiency conversion. The aim of this study was to identify nutritionally efficient polyvoltine silkworm strains using the germplasm breeds RMW(2), RMW(3), RMW(4), RMG(3), RMG(1), RMG(4), RMG(5), RMG(6) and APM(1) as the control. The 1(st) day of 5(th) stage silkworm larvae of polyvoltine strains were subjected to standard gravimetric analysis until spinning for three consecutive generations covering three different seasons on 19 nutrigenetic traits. Highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) differences were found among all nutrigenetic traits of polyvoltine silkworm strains in the experimental groups. The nutritionally efficient polvoltine silkworm strains were resulted by utilizing nutrition consumption index and efficiency of conversion of ingesta/cocoon traits as the index. Higher nutritional efficiency conversions were found in the polyvoltine silkworm strains on efficiency of conversion of ingesta to cocoon and shell than control. Comparatively smaller consumption index, respiration, metabolic rate with superior relative growth rate, and quantum of food ingesta and digesta requisite per gram of cocoon and shell were shown; the lowest amount was in new polyvoltine strains compared to the control. Furthermore, based on the overall nutrigenetic traits utilized as index or 'biomarkers', three polyvoltine silkworm strains (RMG(4), RMW(2), and RMW(3)) were identified as having the potential for nutrition efficiency conversion. The data from the present study advances our knowledge for the development of nutritionally efficient silkworm breeds/hybrids and their effective commercial utilization in the sericulture industry.  相似文献