Antitussive effect of Asparagus racemosus root against sulfur dioxide-induced cough in mice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mandal SC  Kumar C K A  Mohana Lakshmi S  Sinha S  Murugesan T  Saha BP  Pal M 《Fitoterapia》2000,71(6):686-689

The methanol extract of Asparagus racemosus root (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant antitussive activity on sulfur dioxide-induced cough in mice, the cough inhibition (40.0 and 58.5%, respectively) being comparable to that of 10-20 mg/kg of codeine phosphate (36.0 and 55.4%, respectively).  相似文献   

Cytogenetic studies on the interspecific hybrid Capsicum baccatum L.× C. frutescens L. and its progeny     

N. Bapa Rao  T. Sri Valli  N. Lakshmi 《Euphytica》1992,59(2-3):135-140

Summary Morphological and cytogenetical studies were carried out on the F₁ and F₂ hybrids and backcross derivatives of the interspecific cross Capsicum baccatum L. x C. frutescens L. The F₁ and F₂ hybrids displayed irregular meiosis with a maximum association of eight chromosomes in the former and one quadrivalent in the latter with the appropriate number of bivalents and univalents. It is inferred that C. baccatum differs from C. frutescens (yellow) by at least tow or three interchanges and from the white cultivar by a single interchange. Structural repatterning of chromosomes, erratic meiotic behaviour, genes for pollen sterility, segregational imbalances following intergenomic recombination are believed to be major factors causing sterility in the hybrids. The two species are sympatric and natural hybrids have not been realised.  相似文献   

Discontinuous pore fluid distribution under microgravity--KC-135 flight investigations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Reddi LN  Xiao M  Steinberg SL 《Soil Science Society of America journal. Soil Science Society of America》2005,69(3):593-598

Designing a reliable plant growth system for crop production in space requires the understanding of pore fluid distribution in porous media under microgravity. The objective of this experimental investigation, which was conducted aboard NASA KC-135 reduced gravity flight, is to study possible particle separation and the distribution of discontinuous wetting fluid in porous media under microgravity. KC-135 aircraft provided gravity conditions of 1, 1.8, and 10(-2) g. Glass beads of a known size distribution were used as porous media; and Hexadecane, a petroleum compound immiscible with and lighter than water, was used as wetting fluid at residual saturation. Nitrogen freezer was used to solidify the discontinuous Hexadecane ganglia in glass beads to preserve the ganglia size changes during different gravity conditions, so that the blob-size distributions (BSDs) could be measured after flight. It was concluded from this study that microgravity has little effect on the size distribution of pore fluid blobs corresponding to residual saturation of wetting fluids in porous media. The blobs showed no noticeable breakup or coalescence during microgravity. However, based on the increase in bulk volume of samples due to particle separation under microgravity, groups of particles, within which pore fluid blobs were encapsulated, appeared to have rearranged themselves under microgravity.  相似文献   

Effect of nutrient density on production performance, egg quality and humoral immune response of brown laying (Dahlem Red) hens in the tropics     

Panda AK  Rao SV  Raju MV  Niranjan M  Reddy MR 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(2):293-299

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of metabolizable energy (ME) with graded incremental levels of crude protein (CP) and essential amino acids (lysine and methionine) on production performance, egg quality and humoral immune response of Dahlem Red laying hens. Four experimental diets based on maize–soybean meal-deoiled rice bran were prepared. Diet 1 was fed as a control diet containing 2,600 kcal ME/kg, 15% CP, 0.75% Lys and 0.36% Met, and in the other three diets (D2, D3 and D4), concentrations of the above nutrients were increased by 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5%, respectively. The levels of Ca (3.5%) and available P (0.32) were constant in all the diets. Each diet was offered ad libitum from 28 to 40 weeks of age to eight replicates containing six birds in each replicate. The egg production, egg weight and egg mass (in grams of egg per hen per day) were not affected by increasing the nutrient density up to 7.5% (2,795 kcal ME/kg diet) compared to the control group (2,600 ME/kg diet). However, feed consumption and feed efficiency (in grams of egg per gram of feed) were influenced by the variation in the nutrient density of diets. As the nutrient density increased by 5% (2,730 ME/kg diet), birds consumed significantly (P < 0.001) less feed. The birds in the 7.5% higher density group produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher egg mass per unit feed consumption compared to the control diet. Increasing nutrient density up to 7.5% had no effect on relative weight of albumen, yolk or shell. The Haugh unit, yolk colour and shell thickness were also not affected due to variation in the nutrient density. The humoral immune response measured at 34 and 40 weeks was progressively improved by increasing the nutrient density up to 5%. Increasing the nutrient density beyond 5% in the diet had no further influence on the humoral immune response. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that Dahlem Red laying hens required 2,795 kcal/kg ME, 16% CP, 0.8% lysine and 0.4% methionine for eliciting optimum performance and immune response during 28 to 40 weeks of age.  相似文献   

Decrease of rice plant resistance and induction of hormesis and carboxylesterase titre in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) by xenobiotics     

M. NanthakumarV. Jhansi Lakshmi  V. Shashi BhushanS.M. Balachandran  M. Mohan 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,102(2):146-152

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is a serious threat to the rice production throughout Asia. The indiscriminate application of various xenobiotics in rice ecosystem is perceived as one of the factors for the frequent outbreak of BPH. The present study has critically analysed the secondary effects of some xenobiotics used in rice field on certain plant and insect parameters that subsequently favour BPH outbreak. Application of 2,4-D, carbendazim, deltamethrin and urea reduced the innate BPH resistance of PTB 33 rice variety due to favourable alterations in rice free amino acid and sucrose content. Similarly, these chemicals also induced hormesis and enhanced feeding in BPH. Alternatively, soil amendment with neem seed powder and Calotropis gigantea leaves improved plant innate resistance and showed no sign of hormesis or enhanced feeding in BPH. In addition, deltamethrin has the ability to stimulate BPH carboxylesterase titre. Native PAGE analysis of esterases from whole body homogenate of BPH revealed at least five esterase isozyme bands, prominent being E1 and E2. However, no difference in BPH esterase banding pattern was observed between different xenobiotic treatments. All these esterase bands are classified under carboxylesterase based on their inhibition by class specific esterase inhibitors.  相似文献   

Effective natural dye extraction from different plant materials using ultrasound     

Venkatasubramanian Sivakumar  J. VijaeeswarriJ. Lakshmi Anna 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,33(1):116-122

Dyes derived from natural sources have emerged as an important alternative to synthetic dyes. Therefore, there is a need for developing better solid-liquid extraction techniques for leaching natural colorants from plant materials for applications in plant research, food as well as dyeing industries. The influence of ultrasound on natural colorant extraction from different potential dye yielding plant materials has been studied in comparison with magnetic stirring process as control. The color yielding plant materials used in the present study include Green wattle bark, Marigold flowers, Pomegranate rinds, 4’o clock plant flowers and Cocks Comb flowers. Analytical studies such as UV-VIS spectrophotometry and gravimetric analysis were performed on the extract. The results indicate there is a significant 13-100% improvement in the extraction efficiency of the colorant obtained from different plant materials due to the use of ultrasound. Therefore, this methodology could be employed for extracting coloring materials from plant materials in a faster and effective manner.  相似文献   

Identification of deletion mutants with improved performance under water-limited environments in rice (Oryza sativa L.)     

J.E. Cairns  T.L. Botwright Acuna  F.A. Simborio  G. DimayugaM. Lakshmi Praba  H. Leung  R. TorresH.R. Lafitte 《Field Crops Research》2009

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a semi-aquatic member of the grass family that is poorly adapted to dry environments and has greater sensitivity to water-deficits than other important cereals in this family. To increase productivity in aerobic or water-limited environments rice must overcome its adaptations to flooded environments. Deletion mutants offer an alternative genetic resource for improving drought tolerance. Almost 3500 IR64 deletion mutants were screened under vegetative and reproductive stage drought stress in the field and evaluated for leaf drying and/or grain yield. Seven novel conditional mutants of rice which showed gain of function through continued growth as drought stress developed compared to the wild type were identified. Mutant recovery rate was 0.1%. Further evaluation of putative drought mutants revealed that their average shoot biomass at maturity and grain yield per plant under stress exceeded those of the wild type by two-fold. Studies under controlled conditions confirmed mutants to have continued growth of both roots and shoots as drought developed compared to the wild type, and a tendency for greater water extraction. We propose that deletions in these mutants have affected a regulator of the highly conservative growth response common to irrigated lowland rice cultivars. Our results suggest that screening deletion mutants for performance under managed drought stress in the field could be a highly effective way to identify valuable genetic resources for improved drought response and aerobic adaptation in rice.  相似文献   

Antitussive effect of Asparagus racemosus root against sulfur dioxide-induced cough in mice     

Subhash C. Mandal  Ashok Kumar C.K.  S. Mohana Lakshmi  Sanghamitra Sinha  T. Murugesan  B. P. Saha  M. Pal 《Fitoterapia》2000,71(6)

The methanol extract of Asparagus racemosus root (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant antitussive activity on sulfur dioxide-induced cough in mice, the cough inhibition (40.0 and 58.5%, respectively) being comparable to that of 10–20 mg/kg of codeine phosphate (36.0 and 55.4%, respectively).  相似文献   

Validation of betapropiolactone (BPL) as an inactivant for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kamaraj G  Lakshmi Narasu M  Srinivasan VA 《Research in veterinary science》2008,85(3):589-594

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus causes vulvovaginitis, abortion and respiratory disease in cows and heifers. Betapropiolactone (BPL) is a disinfectant, effective against bacteria, fungi and viruses. It is also used to prepare inactivated vaccines because it destroys the nucleic acid core of viruses but does not damage the capsid. For the validation of BPL when used as an inactivant, it is more important to assure the quality of inactivating agent and the validity of the inactivation process. In the present study, the inactivation kinetics of IBR virus was determined with different concentration of BPL (1:250, 1:500, 1:1000, 1:1500, 1:2000 and 1:2500) at 4 and 37 °C. The result indicated that the BPL at 4 °C was able to inactivate the IBR virus within 4, 5 and 12 h with the concentration of 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000, respectively. BPL at 37 °C was able to inactivate virus within 30 min with the concentration of 1:250. BPL with the concentration of 1:500 and 1:1000 were able to inactivate the virus within 120 min at 37 °C. Based on the kinetic study seven formulations were prepared and a sero conversion study of IBR inactivated vaccine was carried out. Serological response in animals to different formulations did not differ significantly (P > 0.05).  相似文献   

Evaluation of Cadmium Toxicity on Survival, Accumulation and Depuration in an Intertidal Gastropod, Turbo Intercostalis     

P. Sri Lakshmi  Y. Prabhakara Rao 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2002,134(1-4):229-238

The effect of cadmium on tolerance, accumulation and depurationwas studied in an intertidal gastropod, Turbo intercostalis. Initially, the LC₅₀ value for 96 hr wasdetermined by exposing the snails to different concentrations ofcadmium (2.5 to 12.5 ppm) and it was observed to be 6.18 mg L^-1. Further, the accumulation and depuration of cadmium was investigated in different tissues namely GDG (Gonad-digestive gland) complex, mantle and foot of T. intercostalis on exposure to a sublethal concentration (1.24 mgL^-1) for a period of 20 days. The accumulation of cadmium was found to be more in mantle and GDG complex and less in footduring this exposure and the tissue accumulation was in the order of GDG complex > mantle > foot. The GDG complex was largely responsible for most of the body burden of the metal. The percent body burden of the cadmium exhibited an increasingtrend with exposure time in GDG complex while in mantle therewas a decreasing trend. The foot tissue was observed to have aless percentage of body burden of cadmium. The fractional retention coefficients were also calculated and they showed a gradual increase with exposure time indicating more retention of metal in the tissues. However, depuration of the metal followed a similar trend of increase in all the tissues. The data suggestthat T. intercostalis have a good capacity ofaccumulation and depuration of heavy metal and it may be considered as a suitable species for biological monitoring of the coastal environment.  相似文献