Organic pesticides. XV. Synthesis and insecticidal activity of some compounds containing phosphorus and fluorine     

Krishna C. Joshi  Mani Kant Tholia 《Pest management science》1973,4(5):701-705

Forty new organofluorine compounds, containing phosphorus, have been synthesised as potential pesticides. The compounds include esters of O,O-dialkyl phosphoramidic acids of the type (RO)₂P(O)NHAr; thioesters of O,O-dialkyl thiophosphoramidic acids of the type (RO)₂P(S)NHAr; esters of O,O-dialkyl phosphonic acid of the type (RO)₂P(O)Ar and esters of O,O-dialkyl thiophosphonic acid (RO)₂P(S)OAr. All the compounds have been screened for their insecticidal activity against adult cockroaches (Periplanata americana) and a few show appreciable activity.  相似文献   

Non‐immunosuppressive FTY720‐derivative OSU‐2S mediates reactive oxygen species‐mediated cytotoxicity in canine B‐cell lymphoma          下载免费PDF全文

R. Mani  R. Yan  X. Mo  C.‐S. Chen  M. A. Phelps  R. Klisovic  J. C. Byrd  W. C. Kisseberth  C. A. London  N. Muthusamy 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2017,15(3):1115-1118

OSU‐2S is a FTY720 (Fingolimod) derivative that lacks immunosuppressive properties but exhibits strong anti‐tumour activity in several haematological and solid tumour models. We have recently shown OSU‐2S to mediate potent cytotoxicity in human mantle cell lymphoma cell lines and primary cells. We report here the pre‐clinical activity of OSU‐2S in spontaneous B‐cell lymphoma of dogs which shares many characteristics of human lymphoma. OSU‐2S mediated apoptosis in canine B‐cell lines and primary B‐cell lymphoma cells obtained from spontaneous lymphoma bearing dogs. OSU‐2S induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in canine lymphoma cells and inhibition of ROS partially rescued OSU‐2S‐mediated cell death. These studies provide a rational basis for the use of spontaneous lymphoma in pet dogs as a preclinical large animal model for the development of OSU‐2S as small molecule for treating people and dogs with lymphoma.  相似文献   

Organic Amendments Influence on Soil Biological Indices and Yield in Rice-Based Cropping System in Coastal Sundarbans of India     

Tarik Mitran  Pabitra Kumar Mani  Nirmalendu Basak  Sunanda Biswas  Biswapati Mandal 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(2):170-185

The present investigation was carried out in coastal Sundarbans of India to study the effects of farm yard manure, green leaf manure, and vermicompost on biological attributes of soils and yield in rice–tomato, rice–sunflower, and rice–chili cropping system over conventional farmer’s practices (control) by a strip-plot technique for the two consecutive years. The partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers through organics significantly increased the yield of various cropping systems. The use of organic materials significantly improved microbial biomass carbon, fluorescein diacetate hydrolyzing activities, dehydrogenase, and β-glucosidase activity over control, which varied in the tune of 51.6%, 67.4%, 50%, and 62.7%, respectively, due to variation in electrical conductivity (EC) of these soils. The improved soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities act as key driving factor for organic matter decomposition and nutrient transformation in organically amended soils which lead to better yield under such cropping sequences.  相似文献   

Potentially Toxic Trace Metals in Water and Lake-Bed Sediment of Panchpokhari,an Alpine Lake Series in the Central Himalayan Region of Nepal     

Rosha Raut  Roshan Man Bajracharya  Subodh Sharma  Chhatra Mani Sharma  Shichang Kang  Qianggong Zhang  Lekhendra Tripathee  Pengfei Chen  Dipesh Rupakheti  Junming Guo  Bhawani S. Dongol 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(8):303

This study assessed the level of potentially toxic trace metals (PTMs), seasonal variations, and their possible sources from the surface water and lake-bed sediment of Panchpokhari lake series, an alpine and glacial lake at 4160 m a.s.l. in Central Nepal. The lake series have five lakes, with Lake-1 larger than others. So, Lake-1 was investigated thoroughly during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Sediment core was collected from the deepest basin of the Lake-1 during pre-monsoon. Most of the PTM concentrations were higher in the pre-monsoon season; however, Sc, Cr, Cu, Zn, As, and Ag were higher in the post-monsoon. This is an indication that the lake has been impacted either by natural or long-range transported atmospheric pollutants. Ti, Sb, and Ag had extremely high enrichment factor (EF) in waters, whereas Cd, Zn, and As had high EF in sediments indicating that these metals originated from anthropogenic sources. Furthermore, PTM concentrations in the sediment were in the increasing order of Hg < Cd < Ag < Mo < Sb < Sn < As < U < Sc < Co < Cs < Cu < Pb < Ni < Cr < V < Zn < Rb < Mn < Ti < Fe and showed that the upper layer (top 10 cm) of lake sediment has been receiving a higher load of PTMs in the recent period. he observed EF values also suggested that major sources of PTMs in the sediment were from crustal origin except for a few metals (Ti, V, Sb, and Ag) which were enriched anthropogenically due to long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants, deposited at the higher elevations. Nevertheless, the level of pollution in sediments was low as indicated both by EF and geo-accumulation index.  相似文献   

Effect of organic amendments on rice yield trend,phosphorus use efficiency,uptake, and apparent balance in soil under long-term rice-wheat rotation     

Tarik Mitran  P. K. Mani 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(9):1312-1322

The experiment was conducted in a 22nd cycle of rice-wheat rotation established in the eastern India with a randomized block designed with various combinations of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients like farm yard manure (FYM), paddy straw (PS), and green manure in rice crop only. Application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) and its combination with FYM, PS, and green manuring increased the grain yield of rice significantly. Rice yield declined only in control plots (?0.003 t ha^?1 year^?1), whereas positive yield trend was maintained in all the treatments. All organically amended plots showed a better uptake as well as use efficiencies of applied phosphorus (P) inputs over control. The apparent P balance showed positive value in control treatment over the years ranging from ?4.8 to 24.8 kg ha^?1 year^?1. The positive yield trend of rice was maintained due to buildup of P from various organic inputs.  相似文献   

Duck virus enteritis (duck plague) – a comprehensive update     

Kuldeep Dhama  Naveen Kumar  Mani Saminathan  Ruchi Tiwari  Kumaragurubaran Karthik  M. Asok Kumar 《The Veterinary quarterly》2017,37(1):57-80

Duck virus enteritis (DVE), also called duck plague, is one of the major contagious and fatal diseases of ducks, geese and swan. It is caused by duck enteritis virus (DEV)/Anatid herpesvirus-1 of the genus Mardivirus, family Herpesviridae, and subfamily Alpha-herpesvirinae. Of note, DVE has worldwide distribution, wherein migratory waterfowl plays a crucial role in its transmission within and between continents. Furthermore, horizontal and/ or vertical transmission plays a significant role in disease spread through oral-fecal discharges. Either of sexes from varying age groups of ducks is vulnerable to DVE. The disease is characterized by sudden death, vascular damage and subsequent internal hemorrhage, lesions in lymphoid organs, digestive mucosal eruptions, severe diarrhea and degenerative lesions in parenchymatous organs. Huge economic losses are connected with acute nature of the disease, increased morbidity and mortality (5%–100%), condemnations of carcasses, decreased egg production and hatchability. Although clinical manifestations and histopathology can provide preliminary diagnosis, the confirmatory diagnosis involves virus isolation and detection using serological and molecular tests. For prophylaxis, both live-attenuated and killed vaccines are being used in broiler and breeder ducks above 2 weeks of age. Since DEV is capable of becoming latent as well as shed intermittently, recombinant subunit and DNA vaccines either alone or in combination (polyvalent) are being targeted for its benign prevention. This review describes DEV, epidemiology, transmission, the disease (DVE), pathogenesis, and advances in diagnosis, vaccination and antiviral agents/therapies along with appropriate prevention and control strategies.  相似文献   

Rabies – epidemiology,pathogenesis, public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review     

Rajendra Singh  Karam Pal Singh  Susan Cherian  Mani Saminathan  Sanjay Kapoor  G.B. Manjunatha Reddy 《The Veterinary quarterly》2017,37(1):212-251

Rabies is a zoonotic, fatal and progressive neurological infection caused by rabies virus of the genus Lyssavirus and family Rhabdoviridae. It affects all warm-blooded animals and the disease is prevalent throughout the world and endemic in many countries except in Islands like Australia and Antarctica. Over 60,000 peoples die every year due to rabies, while approximately 15 million people receive rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) annually. Bite of rabid animals and saliva of infected host are mainly responsible for transmission and wildlife like raccoons, skunks, bats and foxes are main reservoirs for rabies. The incubation period is highly variable from 2 weeks to 6 years (avg. 2–3 months). Though severe neurologic signs and fatal outcome, neuropathological lesions are relatively mild. Rabies virus exploits various mechanisms to evade the host immune responses. Being a major zoonosis, precise and rapid diagnosis is important for early treatment and effective prevention and control measures. Traditional rapid Seller's staining and histopathological methods are still in use for diagnosis of rabies. Direct immunofluoroscent test (dFAT) is gold standard test and most commonly recommended for diagnosis of rabies in fresh brain tissues of dogs by both OIE and WHO. Mouse inoculation test (MIT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are superior and used for routine diagnosis. Vaccination with live attenuated or inactivated viruses, DNA and recombinant vaccines can be done in endemic areas. This review describes in detail about epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, advances in diagnosis, vaccination and therapeutic approaches along with appropriate prevention and control strategies.  相似文献   

Quick report on prevalence of shrimp microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in India          下载免费PDF全文

Karthikeyan Kesavan  Ravi Mani  Itami Toshiaki  Raja Sudhakaran 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3980-3984

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Operationalizing a Framework for Assessing the Enabling Environment for Community Forest Enterprises: A Case Study from Nepal     

Sharma  Bishnu Prasad  Lawry  Steven  Paudel  Naya Sharma  McLain  Rebecca  Adhikary  Anukram  Banjade  Mani Ram 《Small-Scale Forestry》2020,19(1):83-106

Small-scale Forestry - We demonstrate how Baynes et al.’s (Glob Environ Change 35:226–238, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.09.011) framework can be operationalized as a...  相似文献   

Growth and Development Symposium: Endotoxin, inflammation, and intestinal function in livestock     

Mani V  Weber TE  Baumgard LH  Gabler NK 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(5):1452-1465

Endotoxin, also referred to as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can stimulate localized or systemic inflammation via the activation of pattern recognition receptors. Additionally, endotoxin and inflammation can regulate intestinal epithelial function by altering integrity, nutrient transport, and utilization. The gastrointestinal tract is a large reservoir of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, of which the gram-negative bacteria serve as a source of endotoxin. Luminal endotoxin can enter circulation via two routes: 1) nonspecific paracellular transport through epithelial cell tight junctions, and 2) transcellular transport through lipid raft membrane domains involving receptor-mediated endocytosis. Paracellular transport of endotoxin occurs through dissociation of tight junction protein complexes resulting in reduced intestinal barrier integrity, which can be a result of enteric disease, inflammation, or environmental and metabolic stress. Transcellular transport, via specialized membrane regions rich in glycolipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, and saturated fatty acids, is a result of raft recruitment of endotoxin-related signaling proteins leading to endotoxin signaling and endocytosis. Both transport routes and sensitivity to endotoxin may be altered by diet and environmental and metabolic stresses. Intestinal-derived endotoxin and inflammation result in suppressed appetite, activation of the immune system, and partitioning of energy and nutrients away from growth toward supporting the immune system requirements. In livestock, this leads to the suppression of growth, particularly suppression of lean tissue accretion. In this paper, we summarize the evidence that intestinal transport of endotoxin and the subsequent inflammation leads to decrease in the production performance of agricultural animals and we present an overview of endotoxin detoxification mechanisms in livestock.  相似文献