Time-Resolved Shear Viscosity of Wheat Flour Doughs—Effect of Mixing,Shear Rate,and Resting on the Viscosity of Doughs of Different Flours     

Keihan Mani Lindborg  Christian Trgrdh  Ann-Charlotte Eliasson  Petr Dejmek 《Cereal Chemistry》1997,74(1):49-55

The shear viscosity of three doughs of different wheat cultivars mixed to a farinograph level of 500 BU was measured at low shear rates as a function of the shear deformation using a cone-and-plate viscometer. Cyanoacrylate adhesive was used to attach the dough samples to the instrument surfaces to eliminate wall slip. Flours used were Dragon, Kosack, and a fodder wheat. A distinct difference was observed between the viscosities of the different flour cultivars. The strongest dough (Dragon), with the highest protein content and a good resistance in the farinograph, had the highest maximum viscosity. The doughs showed distinct strain hardening, more pronounced for the strong doughs. Maximum viscosity was obtained at a strain of ≈4, almost independent of the shear rate, but at higher values for stronger doughs (5 for Dragon, 4 for Kosack, and 3.5 for fodder wheat). The maximum was most pronounced for well-mixed doughs after resting. The viscosity and its variation with strain may be used as a measure of quality; a higher viscosity and a maximum occurring at high strains indicating good quality (related to the farinogram). The viscosity gradually decreased at higher strains. Apparent viscosity increases with strain and reaches a maximum value at a common strain, which suggests the presence of entangled molecules. The increase of maximum viscosity with increase in mixing also supports this theory. Resting the dough increases the maximum viscosity, which suggests the formation of new cross-links in the nonequilibrium entangled network during resting.  相似文献   

Compensatory growth,plasma hormones and metabolites in juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii,Brandt 1869) subjected to fasting and re‐feeding     

Ghasem Ashouri  Nasrollah Mahboobi‐Soofiani  Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar  Mansour Torfi‐Mozanzadeh  Amir Mani  Arash Khosravi  Oliana Carnevali 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(2):400-409

A 7‐week study was conducted to investigate the effect of different fasting and re‐feeding regimes on compensatory growth and some physiological parameters of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Fish (46.5 ± 0.5 g) were fed on a diet (containing 450 g/kg crude protein and 20 MJ/kg digestible energy) according to four feeding regimes in triplicate including: control group (C, fed everyday), W1 (2 weeks of feeding followed by 1 week of fasting and 4 weeks of re‐feeding), W2 (1 week of feeding followed by 2 weeks of fasting and 4 weeks of re‐feeding) and W3 (3 weeks of fasting followed by 4 weeks of re‐feeding). The fasted groups including W1 (119.6 ± 2.1 g), W2 (118.0 ± 1.7 g) and W3 (108.5 ± 4.8) significantly lost their weights during fasting phase and did not attain the final weight of the C (137.3 ± 1.7 g) after re‐feeding phase. The re‐feeding phase increased the specific growth rate in the fasted groups compared to the C (p < .05). After the fasting phase, concentrations of T₃, T₄, glucose, total protein and triglyceride in plasma of fasted groups were decreased, but levels of total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase increased compared to the C. After re‐feeding phase, except for glucose level, all mentioned metabolites were restored in the plasma of W1 group, but total protein level and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations in plasma were not restored in W2 and W3 groups. Overall, our finding demonstrated 4 weeks of re‐feeding was too short to induce full compensatory growth in A. baerii juveniles.  相似文献   

Identification and genetic analysis of infectious bursal disease viruses from field outbreaks in Kerala,India     

Nandhakumar  D.  Rajasekhar  R.  Logeshwaran  G.  Ravishankar  Chintu  Sebastian  Stephy Rose  Anoopraj  R.  Sumod  K.  Mani  Binu K.  Chaithra  G.  Deorao  Chandankar Vaidehi  John  Koshy 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(3):989-997

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Recurrent infectious bursal disease (IBD) outbreaks were reported in different regions of Kerala, India. This paper reports the comparative genetic analysis...  相似文献   

贮精能力差异母鸡的贮精腺形态、激素水平及激素受体基因表达量的研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

马腾壑  范静  王攀林  石雷  李云雷  Adamu Mani Isa  倪爱心  葛平壮  江琳琳  宗云鹤  麻慧  孙研研  陈继兰 《畜牧兽医学报》2020,51(8):1845-1852

旨在探究不同贮精能力母鸡的贮精腺形态、主要性激素水平以及激素受体基因表达量的差异,以期进一步揭示母鸡贮精能力差异产生的原因。本研究以27周龄158只的白来航母鸡和28只公鸡为试验材料,混精连续输精2 d,第3天开始按照个体收集种蛋孵化,根据输精后21 d内每天的种蛋受精情况统计个体受精率作为母鸡贮精能力;挑选高、低贮精能力极端个体各4只,分别为高、低贮精能力组;采血测定血清孕酮、雌激素、睾酮和催乳素激素浓度;解剖获取富含贮精腺的子宫阴道连接部组织,并沿纵向分为两份,一份制作石蜡切片并HE染色,用于贮精腺形态观察,另一份采用荧光定量PCR检测相应激素受体基因的表达量。结果表明,高、低贮精能力组子宫阴道连接部的黏膜面积、贮精腺数量、贮精腺密度均差异不显著（P>0.05）,但高贮精能力组母鸡的贮精腺平均横截面积显著高于低贮精能力组（P<0.05）;高贮精能力组母鸡的血清孕酮激素浓度显著高于低贮精能力组（P<0.05）,雌激素、睾酮和催乳素激素浓度在组间均差异不显著（P > 0.05）;与低贮精能力组相比,高贮精能力组睾酮受体基因和催乳素受体基因表达上调,雌激素α、β受体基因和孕酮受体基因下调,但未达显著水平（P>0.05）。结果提示,母鸡的贮精能力可能与贮精腺横截面积有关,此外,孕酮激素可能对诱导贮精腺中精子的激活起重要作用,从而影响母鸡持续受精能力。  相似文献   

Characteristics of methanogenic granules grown on glucose in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor     

Revanuru Subramanyam  Indra Mani Mishra 《Biosystems Engineering》2013,114(2):113-123

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Growth and Development Symposium: Endotoxin, inflammation, and intestinal function in livestock     

Mani V  Weber TE  Baumgard LH  Gabler NK 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(5):1452-1465

Endotoxin, also referred to as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can stimulate localized or systemic inflammation via the activation of pattern recognition receptors. Additionally, endotoxin and inflammation can regulate intestinal epithelial function by altering integrity, nutrient transport, and utilization. The gastrointestinal tract is a large reservoir of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, of which the gram-negative bacteria serve as a source of endotoxin. Luminal endotoxin can enter circulation via two routes: 1) nonspecific paracellular transport through epithelial cell tight junctions, and 2) transcellular transport through lipid raft membrane domains involving receptor-mediated endocytosis. Paracellular transport of endotoxin occurs through dissociation of tight junction protein complexes resulting in reduced intestinal barrier integrity, which can be a result of enteric disease, inflammation, or environmental and metabolic stress. Transcellular transport, via specialized membrane regions rich in glycolipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, and saturated fatty acids, is a result of raft recruitment of endotoxin-related signaling proteins leading to endotoxin signaling and endocytosis. Both transport routes and sensitivity to endotoxin may be altered by diet and environmental and metabolic stresses. Intestinal-derived endotoxin and inflammation result in suppressed appetite, activation of the immune system, and partitioning of energy and nutrients away from growth toward supporting the immune system requirements. In livestock, this leads to the suppression of growth, particularly suppression of lean tissue accretion. In this paper, we summarize the evidence that intestinal transport of endotoxin and the subsequent inflammation leads to decrease in the production performance of agricultural animals and we present an overview of endotoxin detoxification mechanisms in livestock.  相似文献   

Antiviral activity of sulfated polysaccharides from Sargassum ilicifolium against fish Betanodavirus infection     

Jyotsna  Vijayakumar  Parameswaran  Dhas  Tharmathass Stalin  Mani  Ravi  Raguraman  Vasantharaja 《Aquaculture International》2021,29(3):1049-1067

Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from seaweeds exhibit numerous biological activities and are less toxic than conventional antiviral drugs. However, little is known about their mode of action. This study aims at extracting the polysaccharides from brown seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium and then evaluating its antiviral activity against fish Betanodavirus. The extracted SP was characterized through FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The antiviral activity of SP was tested on SGA cell line by syncytia reduction and the polysaccharide represented a prominent antiviral activity to Betanodavirus by reducing the cytopathic effect (CPE) formation in vitro. The study revealed that SP effectively blocked viral attachment and entry. Moreover, during the in vivo challenge experiment in Gambusia affinis, SP treatment showed a significant decrease in the viral titers. Hence, these results indicate that the polysaccharides obtained from S. ilicifolium exhibited the high antiviral potential to Betanodavirus infection in fishes both in vitro and in vivo.

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Persistence and frequency of application of an insecticide in relation to the rate of evolution of resistance     

Gopalakrishnan S. Mani  Roger J. Wood 《Pest management science》1984,15(4):325-336

In an earlier paper, it was demonstrated that in order to delay the evolution of resistance, it is important to ensure that heterozygous carriers of resistance genes are killed so that the R gene is made effectively recessive. How this may be achieved is considered here, with (a) a persistent insecticide declining in effectiveness with time, and (b) a non-persistent insecticide (or fumigant). The relationship between the time taken for the dosage to decline to one-tenth (NGI) and the interval between insecticide applications (N12) was investigated. The optimal value of N12 was found to depend not only on the rate of decline but also on the shape of the degradation curve. Other important factors were (a) the dosage of insecticide applied (the initial effective dominance); (b) the initial frequency of the R gene; (c) the proportion of insects per generation that escaped exposure; and (d) whether selection occurred before or after mating. When considering non-persistent insecticides, it was necessary to distinguish between the short-lived deposit and the space spray, the latter being much less likely to lead to resistance.  相似文献   

Polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets used for the treatment of canine chronic enteropathies decrease the abundance of selected genes of cholesterol homeostasis     

C.E. Ontsouka  I.A. Burgener  O. Mani  C. Albrecht 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2010

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Prevalence of Salmonella associated with chick mortality at hatching and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents     

Maryam Muhammad  Lawal U. Muhammad  Abdul-Ganiyu Ambali  Aliyu U. Mani  Samuel Azard  Lisa Barco 《Veterinary microbiology》2010,140(1-2):131-135

The prevalence of Salmonella associated mortality at hatching was investigated in three hatcheries in Jos, central Nigeria. Their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was also evaluated. S. Kentucky and S. Hadar were isolated. While half of the isolates were from internal organs, 26.7% came from meconial swabs of dead-in-shell embryos, 17.8% from intestinal samples and 4.4% from egg shells. S. Hadar is known to colonise only the gut and is classified as non-invasive, but in this study 82% were obtained from internal organs which suggests that infections with this serotype may also cause invasive disease. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in the study area with complete resistance to gentamycin, enrofloxacin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline and streptomycin and substantial resistance to triple sulphur and ciprofloxacin. Six multiple resistance profiles were recorded with a high level of multiple resistance to quinolones. Quinolone resistance has implications for veterinary and human therapy as their misuse in poultry could lead to the emergence of resistant animal and zoonotic pathogens.  相似文献