Treatment of wheat straw using tannase and white-rot fungus to improve feed utilization by ruminants     

Shailendra Raghuwanshi  Swati Misra  Rajendra Kumar Saxena 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,5(1):13

Background

Current research to enrich cattle feed has primarily focused on treatment using white rot fungi, while there are scarce reports using the enzyme tannase, which is discussed only in reviews or in the form of a hypothesis. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of tannase on wheat straw (WS) and also the effect of lyophilized tannase at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% (w/w) on WS followed by fermentation with Ganoderma sp. for 10 d and compared in relation to biochemical parameters, crude protein (CP) content, and nutritional value by calculating the C/N ratio in order to improve the nutritional value of cattle feed.

Results

Penicillium charlesii, a tannase-producing microorganism, produced 61.4 IU/mL of tannase in 54 h when 2% (w/v) tannic acid (TA) was initially used as a substrate in medium containing (% w/v) sucrose (1.0), NaNO₃ (1.0), and MgSO₄ (0.08 pH, 5.0) in a 300-L fermentor (working volume 220 L), and concomitantly fed with 1.0% (w/v) TA after 24 h. The yield of partially purified and lyophilized tannase was 5.8 IU/mg. The tannin-free myco-straw at 0.1% (w/w) tannase showed 37.8% (w/w) lignin degradation with only a 20.4% (w/w) decrease in cellulose content and the in vitro feed digestibility was 32.2%. An increase in CP content (up to 1.28-fold) along with a lower C/N ratio of 25.0%, as compared to myco-straw, was obtained.

Conclusions

The use of tannin-free myco-straw has potential to improve the nutritional content of cattle feed. This biological treatment process was safe, eco-friendly, easy to perform, and was less expensive as compared to other treatment methods.  相似文献   

Effect of sub-lethal nitrite on selected haematological parameters in fingerling Catla catla (Hamilton)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pratap Chandra Das  Subanna Ayyappan  Joy Krushna Jena  & Basanta Kumar Das 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(9):874-880

A sub‐lethal nitrite toxicity trial was conducted using static conditions for a period of 96 h with fingerlings of Catla catla (21.4±3.6 g). Fingerlings were exposed to five concentrations of nitrite, that is, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10.4 mg L^?1 and a nitrite‐free control to study changes in haematological parameters. Nitrite caused an increase in immature erythrocyte population (7–24%) in lower concentrations (0–4 mg L^?1) at 6 h while they were absent in higher concentrations. The total erythrocyte count was reduced at 6 h followed by an increase at 12 h with further reduction up to 96 h in all concentrations of nitrite. The 96‐h exposure resulted in 21.2–31.8% reduction in erythrocyte population in 1–10.4 mg L^?1 nitrite. The haemoglobin content decreased progressively with increasing nitrite concentrations as well as exposure periods. Total leukocyte count decreased initially at 6 h in all treatments followed by an increase after 12 h, signifying development of a protective response of the body to nitrite stress. Blood glucose decreased initially up to 24 h followed by an increase through 96 h. Serum protein level decreased continuously with increasing exposure period. The study revealed that exposure to nitrite caused changes in almost all the haematological parameters in the fingerlings depending on the concentration as well as exposure period. Nitrite being one of the important inorganic nutrients often recorded at higher levels in intensively cultured ponds, the present study highlights its adverse impact on fish and stressed the need for the management of this nutrient in culture ponds.  相似文献   

Morpho-physio and anatomical characterization of the indigenous Himalayan crabapple: Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. (Rohru) and exotic Malus pumila Mill. for dwarfing traits     

Kumar  Chavlesh  Singh  Sanjay Kumar  Verma  Mahendra Kumar  Pramanick  Kallol Kumar  Srivastav  Manish  Kaur  Sukhdeep  Kumar  Rajeev Ranjan 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(2):645-659

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - The wild Malus germplasm is considered as a gene reservoir for various biotic and abiotic stresses tolerance/resistance genes, including important novel...  相似文献   

Understanding genetic diversity in blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] collections of Indian National Genebank     

Gayacharan  Tripathi  Kuldeep  Aski  Muraleedhar S.  Singh  Neeta  Kumar  Ashok  Lal  Hanuman 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(3):1229-1245

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is a protein rich pulse crop of Indian origin. The crop is cultivated in diverse range of agro-ecological regions,...  相似文献   

Effect of indaziflam on microbial activity and nitrogen cycling processes in an orchard soil     

Amir M. GONZ&#;LEZ-DELGADO  Pierre-Andr&#; JACINTHE  Manoj K. SHUKLA 《土壤圈》2022,32(6):803-811

Indaziflam is a preemergent herbicide widely used for the control of weeds in pecan (Carya illinoinensis) orchards in the southwestern region of the United States. Given the paucity of data regarding the effect of indaziflam on the biochemical properties of soils supporting pecan production, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different application rates of indaziflam on soil microbial activity, diversity, and biochemical processes related to nitrogen (N) cycling. During two consecutive growing seasons (2015 and 2016), soil samples were obtained from experimental mesocosms consisting of soil-filled pots where pecan saplings were grown and treated with indaziflam applied at two different rates (25 and 50 g active ingredient (ai) ha^-1, with the higher rate being slightly lower than the recommended field application rate of 73.1 g ai ha^-1). Soil samples were collected approximately one week before and one week after herbicide application for determination of soil microbial biomass and diversity, N mineralization, and β-glucosaminidase activity. Soil samples collected from the control mesocosms without herbicide application were treated in the laboratory with two rates of indaziflam (75 and 150 g ai ha^-1) to determine the immediate effect on microbial activity. No significant effect of herbicide treatment on soil respiration and microbial biomass was detected. The results showed a slight to moderate decrease in microbial diversity (7% in 2015 and 44% in 2016). However, decreased β-glucosaminidase activity with herbicide treatment was observed in soils from the mesocosms (33%) and soils treated with indaziflam in the laboratory (45%). The mineral N pool was generally dominated by ammonium after indaziflam application, which was consistent with the drastic decrease (75%) in nitrification activity measured in the laboratory experiment. The results of this study indicate that indaziflam, even when applied at higher than recommended rates, has limited effects on soil microbial activity, but may affect N cycling processes.  相似文献   

Process Optimization for the Development of Nutritionally Enhanced Nuggets using Ficus geniculata: A Nutritional Approach     

Kumari  Madhu  Kumar  Vikas  Kaur  Ramandeep  Kumar  Satish  Sharma  Rakesh 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2022,77(2):241-249

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Ficus geniculata (FG) is one of the underutilized fig species in India and throughout the world. However, the different parts of the plant have numerous...  相似文献   

Variability in meteorological droughts as pivotal mechanism for rice production over the middle gangetic plains     

Kumar  Sunny  Sarthi  P. Parth  Barat  Archisman  Sinha  Ashutosh K. 《Paddy and Water Environment》2022,20(4):499-516

The meteorological drought dynamics and its impacts on rice productivity has been evaluated for the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) season using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) over the middle Gangetic plains (MGP) of Bihar. The meteorological drought over the ISMR period was found to be a recurring phenomenon coinciding with the rice growing season over Bihar. The rice crop has an intensive water requirement; therefore, it is significantly impacted by the meteorological droughts. In the present study, spatiotemporal characteristics viz. intensity, frequency, and probability of meteorological drought has been assessed along with an investigation for significant trends and detection of regime shift points to identify the impact of drought on rice production. For the purpose, SPI-4 derived from high resolution gridded daily rainfall data (0.25^°?×?0.25^°) from India Meteorological Department (IMD) has been considered to analyse the meteorological drought episodes over agro-climatic zones of Bihar from 1961 to 2019. The regime shifts were determined using the Rodionov test for the drought dynamics and production of rice in Bihar. A moderate to severe drought-prone zone was found over the zone BRZ3B; while zone BRZ2 and BRZ3A showed comparatively a greater number of mild drought events persisting with more than 70% probability of occurrence. An inkling of increasing dependency on groundwater is found, which is in turn governing the rice production regime. The present study shows there is a substantial need for climate resilience and food security policies incorporating the subtle linkage between SPI variability and crop production, especially over rice producing regions of the globe.

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Effect of thyroid hormone depletion on monoamines and expression patterns of catfish GnRH in the air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus     

K. V. Sathya Sai Kumar  I. Swapna  Aparna Dutta Gupta  K. C. Majumdar  B. Senthilkumaran 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2005,31(2-3):189-192

  相似文献   

Estimation of gut contents of freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis L.     

Rathindra Nath Mandal  Kuldeep Kumar  Utkal Laxmi Mohanty  & Prem Kumar Meher 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(13):1364-1369

This study examined the food organisms found in the gut of freshwater mussels, Lamellidens marginalis L. A total of 34 taxa of food organisms were recorded, out of which 30 taxa belonged to phytoplankton and four taxa to zooplankton. Both the groups comprised three families each: Cyanophyceae (blue‐green algae), Chlorophycea (green algae) and Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) constituted phytoplankton, whereas Euglenaceae, Chlamydodontidae and Brachionidae belonged to zooplankton. The total number of frequencies of phytoplankton (n=537) were almost nine times more than that of zooplankton (n=60). When blue‐green algae, green algae, diatoms and zooplankton (all the three families together) were tested for significant difference (P<0.05) following Duncan's multiple range test, the result showed only two groups. Blue‐green algae, green algae and zooplankton were not significantly different (P<0.05), forming group A, whereas diatoms were significantly different from others, forming group B. The present study showed that the maximum number of organisms that mussels feed upon belong to green algae, followed by diatoms, blue‐green algae and few taxa of zooplankton.  相似文献   

Comparative efficiency of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria under greenhouse conditions for promoting growth and aloin-A content of Aloe barbadensis     

Gupta Mamta  Praveen Rahi  Vijaylata Pathania  Arvind Gulati  Bikram Singh  Ravinder Kumar Bhanwra 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4):437-449

This study was conducted with Aloe barbadensis in order to investigate the efficacy of four phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Pseudomonas synxantha 10223, Burkholderia gladioli 10242, Enterobacter hormaechei 10240 and Serratia marcescens 10241 to solubilize Mussorie rock phosphate (MRP) and to evaluate its effects on growth, soluble P content and P uptake compared with control, i.e. uninoculated plants. Pot experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, in soil supplemented with MRP. Each PSB treatment showed different effects on different plant growth parameters. The maximum increase in leaf length (23.7%), total number of leaves (33.33%) and dry rind weight (69.10%) was observed in plants treated with P. synxantha 10223 compared with control. Whereas, maximum increase in root length (23.43%), fresh leaves weight (79.03%), dry gel weight (113.08%) and total gel volume (112.10%), was observed in plants treated with S. marcescens 10241 compared with uninoculated plants. Maximum increase in aloin-A content [114.92% (per g dry gel weight) and 322.32% (per plant dry gel weight)] was observed in plants treated with P. synxantha 10223 compared with control plants. Root colonization by inoculated PSB as estimated by RAPD technique showed that all PSB were able to survive in the rhizosphere of Aloe plants.  相似文献