Irrigation of agricultural crops : B.A., Stewart and D.R. Nielsen (editors). American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America Publishers, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A., 1990. 1218 pp., price US$ 65.00. ISBN 0-89118-102-4     

Dr. Keit T. Ingram 《Agricultural Water Management》1992,20(4):341-342

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Enzyme activities and diuron persistence in soil amended with vermicompost derived from spent grape marc and treated with urea     

Esperanza Romero  Jesús Fernández-Bayo  Jean Manuel Castillo Díaz  Rogelio Nogales 《Applied soil ecology》2010,44(3):198-204

Mineral fertilizers, organic amendments, and pesticides are inputs commonly used in conventional farming practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of single or combined applications of spent grape marc-vermicompost, urea, and/or diuron on soil-enzyme activities and the persistence of this herbicide in soils with low organic carbon content. The application of vermicompost enhanced dehydrogenase (DHase) enzyme activity over time but altered soil urease activity to a very limited extent. The reduction in diuron concentrations and the increase in DHase activity indicated that the soil microorganisms were capable of degrading the ureic herbicide. Treatment with vermicompost and diuron had a stimulatory effect on soil microbial activity. On the whole, the application of diuron and urea to the vermicompost-amended soil raised DHase and urease activity to maximum levels (>3 μg INTF g^?1 h^?1 and >47 μg NH₄⁺ g^?1 h^?1, respectively). The application of urea to the unamended and vermicompost-amended soil decreased diuron persistence from 18.8 and 33 d to 12.5 and 15 d, respectively. Our findings show that although vermicompost additions reduce diuron availability, this boosts diuron degradation when combined with urea. These additions, under different soil management conditions, minimize the bioavailability and persistence of diuron and consequently the risk of leaching and seepage into aquifers. Compared with untreated soils, these types of treated soils could also improve agricultural sustainability and the quality of the environment.  相似文献   

Piquerol a and diacetyl piquerol act as energy transfer inhibitors of photosynthesis     

Jos Luis Mendoza  Manuel Jimnez  Blas Lotina-Hennsen 《Pest management science》1994,40(1):37-40

ATP synthesis and phosphorylating (coupled) electron flow of freshly lysed pea chloroplasts were inhibited by piquerol A and diacetyl piquerol, the latter being more active. H + -uptake, basal and uncoupled electron transport were not affected by either compound, indicating that they act as inhibitors of photophosphorylation at the H + -ATPase complex.  相似文献   

Immune reactions in cattle after immunization with a Mycobacterium paratuberculosis vaccine and implications for the diagnosis of M. paratuberculosis and M. bovis infections     

Köhler H  Gyra H  Zimmer K  Dräger KG  Burkert B  Lemser B  Hausleithner D  Cubler K  Klawonn W  Hess RG 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2001,48(3):185-195

After immunization of four calves with a live modified Mycobacterium paratuberculosis vaccine the course of the humoral and cell mediated immune reactions was studied during a 2-year clinical investigation. Furthermore, the possibility of shedding of the vaccine strain and the influence of the vaccination on the tuberculin skin test was determined. In addition to standard procedures recently developed diagnostic methods (antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, interferon-gamma test, polymerase chain reaction) were used. A cell-mediated immune reaction, reflected in an increased, specifically induced, interferon-gamma production developed much earlier (1-2 weeks post-immunization) than humoral immunity (8-16 weeks post-gamma immunization). While the increase in antibody titres was transient, declining to extremely low levels 48-60 weeks post-immunization, cell-mediated immunity remained detectable until the end of the investigation. Spread of the vaccine strain into the body and shedding were never detected during the whole course of the study except for one colon site in one calf. As late as 2 years after vaccine application positive or doubtful skin reactions against M. bovis purified protein derivative were measured, reflecting possible interference of the immunization with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. At the end of the investigation, a positive cell-mediated immune reaction was detected the control animal although clinical, pathological and bacteriological examinations gave no indication for a mycobacterial infection.  相似文献   

IN MEMORIAM     

Dr  . Amiya Patnaik 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2005,46(3):274-274

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Pain management in horses and farm animals     

Alexander Valverde  DVM  DVSc  DACVA    Cornelia I. Gunkel  Dr. med. vet.  MRCVS 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2005,15(4):295-307

Objective: This review discusses the different analgesic drugs and routes of administration used in large animals for acute pain management. General guidelines and doses are given to assist in choosing techniques that provide effective analgesia. Etiology: Noxious stimuli are perceived, recognized, and localized by specialized sensory systems located at spinal and supraspinal levels. Diagnosis: Localizing the source of the noxious stimulus as well as understanding the behavioral aspects and physiological changes that result from such insult is important to adequately diagnose and treat pain. Pain assessment is far from being definite and objective; not only are there species differences, but also individual variation. In addition, the behavioral and physiological manifestations vary with the acute or chronic nature of pain. Therapy: Pain management should include (1) selecting drugs that better control the type of pain elicited by the insult; (2) selecting techniques of analgesic drug administration that act on pathways or anatomical locations where the nociceptive information is being processed or originating from; (3) combining analgesic drugs that act on different pain pathways; and (4) provide the best possible comfort for the animal. Prognosis: Providing pain relief improves the animal's well being and outcome; however, interpreting and diagnosing pain remains difficult. Continuing research in pain management will contribute to the evaluation of the pathophysiology of pain, pain assessment, and newer analgesic drugs and techniques.  相似文献   

Obstbau in einer Oase     

Dr. Georg Ebert  Ibrahim Abdulhadi  Prof. Dr. Hassan Ali-Dinar 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2005,47(2-3):61-66

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Wie werden Wachstumsparameter von Gehölzen auf unterschiedlichen Standorten durch das Verschulen beeinflusst?     

Dr. Heike Bohne  A. Bremer  B. Baldin  D. Schlüter 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2005,47(4):87-91

The influence of transplanting on height, root neck diameter, and grading was investigated for Carpinus betulus, Quercus robur, and Euonymus europaeus on three sites with different climate and soil properties. Additionally, plant growth was characterized by the shoot-to-root ratio, height-to-root neck diameter, and proportions of coarse and fine roots. The significance of the growth parameters as criteria for survival is discussed. Transplanting influenced shoot growth more than root growth. The growth of the plants was highly site-dependent. Transplanting increased growth most on the site with the best conditions for water and N supply. Transplanting had no effect on grading for the site with the worst water supply.  相似文献   

Reviews section     

Dr Bill Symondson  W. O. C. Symondson  Dr Peter McEwen  Simon Oxley  Dr Patthumal Beevi  Houston Hobbs  Keith Harris  Dr R. T. Plumb  Professor P. G. Mantle  Professor J. Hemingway  Dr Barbara B. Shew  R. M. Baker  Professor P. A. Langley  David Dent 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》1996,1(2):111-123

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Book Review     

D. L. Doxey Dr 《Veterinary research communications》1987,11(4):392-393

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