Mineral contents of grape,olive, apple,and tomato under reduced irrigation     

Hatsue Nakajima  M. Hossein Behboudian  Marc Greven  Jorge A. Zegbe‐Domínguez 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2004,167(1):91-92

  相似文献   

Comparison of size vs. life-state classification in demographic models for the terrestrial orchid Cleistes bifaria     

Katharine B. Gregg  Marc Kéry 《Biological conservation》2006,129(1):50-58

Recent studies using capture-recapture modelling in terrestrial orchids have shown relationships among survival, life-state, climate and dormancy, but to date, there has been no rigorous study of the effects of size on demographic rates. Here we use multistate capture-recapture models to investigate the relationships between survival, ramet size, life-state, and propensity for extended dormancy of Cleistes bifaria in two populations in Florida and West Virginia. Using estimated leaf area as a measure of ramet size, we investigated relative fit to the data of models in which ramets were classified by life-state alone (dormant, vegetative, and flowering), size alone (dormant, small, and large), or by a combination of size and state (dormant, small vegetative, large vegetative, small flowering, and large flowering ramets). This scheme allowed us to compare the effects of a size versus state classification on survival and transition probabilities, including the propensity for dormancy. For survival rates, the size-classified model was preferable in terms of parsimony (AIC) to models classified either by state or by a combination of size and state. In C. bifaria, annual survival rate for large ramets was close to 1.0 and for small and dormant ramets, 0.91 and 0.76, respectively. This highlights the importance of protecting large plants. In contrast, a model combining life-state with ramet size was most parsimonious for explaining variation in transition rates. As the ‘size + state’ classification is convenient, holds more information, and seems more closely tied to fitness than classification by either size or life-state alone, it may be particularly useful in planning and assessing conservation management of orchids.  相似文献   

Detection of the presence of hazelnut oil in olive oil by FT-raman and FT-MIR spectroscopy   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Baeten V  Fernández Pierna JA  Dardenne P  Meurens M  García-González DL  Aparicio-Ruiz R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(16):6201-6206

The detection of the presence of refined hazelnut oil in refined olive oil at low percentages is still a challenge with the current official standards. FT-Raman and FT-MIR spectroscopies have been used to determine the level of detection of the presence of hazelnut oil in olive oil. Spectroscopic analysis has been made not only with the entire oil but also with its unsaponifiable matter. Univariate and multivariate statistical models have been designed with this objective. This study shows that a complete discrimination between olive and hazelnut oils is possible and that adulteration can be detected if the presence of hazelnut oil in olive oil is >8% and if the blends are of Turkish olive and hazelnut oils. The limit of detection is higher when the blends are of edible oils from diverse geographical origins.  相似文献   

Molecular phylogeny and species identification of sardines     

Jérôme M  Lemaire C  Bautista JM  Fleurence J  Etienne M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(1):43-50

The DNA sequence diversity of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) and some closely related species of Clupeomorpha was investigated using the mitochondrial DNA gene encoding cytochrome b. The nucleotide sequences of complete and partial mtDNA cytochrome b were determined in numerous specimens. Sequence divergence between species and genera was evenly distributed in the cytochrome b gene but rather high compared to reports for other fish species. Phylogenetic analyses on complete cytochrome b were used to study the relationships among the considered species. S. pilchardus was easily differentiated, showing a genetic distance of 0.25 with respect to Clupeidae species and 0.26 with respect to the other species. A species-specific short fragment (<150 bp) was isolated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers designed for Clupeomorpha. A rapid and reliable PCR method using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with two restriction enzymes (MnlI/HinfI) was optimized for unambiguous differentiation of S. pilchardus from the other species tested (raw and canned products).  相似文献   

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) containing the bar gene is compositionally equivalent to the nontransgenic counterpart     

Oberdoerfer RB  Shillito RD  de Beuckeleer M  Mitten DH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(5):1457-1465

This publication presents an approach to assessing compositional equivalence between grain derived from glufosinate-tolerant rice grain, genetic event LLRICE62, and its nontransgenic counterpart. Rice was grown in the same manner as is common for commercial production, using either conventional weed control practices or glufosinate-ammonium herbicide. A two-season multisite trial design provided a robust data set to evaluate environmental effects between the sites. Statistical comparisons to test for equivalence were made between glufosinate-tolerant rice and a conventional counterpart variety. The key nutrients, carbohydrates, protein, iron, calcium, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin, for which rice can be the principal dietary source, were investigated. The data demonstrate that rice containing the genetic locus LLRICE62 has the same nutritional value as its nontransgenic counterpart, and most results for nutritional components fall within the range of values reported for rice commodities in commerce.  相似文献   

Stimulation of nicotine demethylation by NaHCO(3) treatment using greenhouse-grown burley tobacco   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Shi H  Kalengamaliro NE  Krauss MR  Hempfling WP  Gadani F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(26):7679-7683

Experiments were conducted in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to investigate the effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)) on the conversion of nicotine to nornicotine, a secondary alkaloid that can form the tobacco-specific nitrosamine N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). The results showed that, under optimum conditions, NaHCO(3) stimulated nicotine conversion in converter plants to the maximum level predetermined by the genetic background. The conversion level in NaHCO(3)-treated leaves was 2-3 times higher than that in control leaves. For young seedlings the optimum concentration of sodium bicarbonate was 0.8% aqueous solution, and for adult plants the optimum concentration was 1%. Lower concentrations resulted in partial stimulation, whereas higher concentration damaged leaf tissue and resulted in a lower conversion level. Studies with different temperatures (from 22 to 43 degrees C) showed that 37 degrees C was optimal. This temperature allowed the least amount of time, 2-3 days for mature leaves and 4-6 days for green leaves, for the major converters to reach >95% of nicotine conversion. An examination of leaves from different growth stages and stalk positions showed that the amount of time needed for conversion was longer for young leaves and shorter for mature leaves. Treatment of leaves with NaHCO(3) affords a rapid and convenient means of identifying and removing nornicotine converter plants during growth in the greenhouse or field.  相似文献   

The biodiversity of the Albertine Rift   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Andrew J. Plumptre  Tim R.B. Davenport  Robert Kityo  Paul Ssegawa  Danny Meirte  Marc Herremans  Julian Kerbis Peterhans  John D. Pilgrim  Malcolm Wilson  David Moyer 《Biological conservation》2007,134(2):178-194

The Albertine Rift is one of the most important regions for conservation in Africa. It contains more vertebrate species than any other region on the continent and contains more endemic species of vertebrate than any other region on mainland Africa. This paper compiles all currently known species distribution information for plants, endemic butterfly species and four vertebrate taxa from the Albertine Rift. The literature on fish species richness and endemism is also reviewed to assess the importance of the larger lakes in the Rift for conservation. We use data from 38 protected and unprotected areas to prioritise sites within the Albertine Rift for conservation based upon their numbers of endemic and globally threatened species. Virunga and Kahuzi Biega National Parks and Itombwe Massif in Democratic Republic of Congo, Bwindi Impenetrable and Kibale National Parks in Uganda, and Nyungwe National Park in Rwanda rank highest in terms of numbers of both endemic and globally threatened species. Six conservation landscapes are described that include most of these sites and it is argued that a focus on these landscapes may be a more holistic method to ensure the safety of the priority areas of the Albertine Rift.  相似文献   

Physicochemical modifications of high-pressure-treated soybean protein isolates   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Puppo C  Chapleau N  Speroni F  De Lamballerie-Anton M  Michel F  Añón C  Anton M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(6):1564-1571

Changes induced by high pressure (HP) treatment (200-600 MPa) on soybean protein isolates (SPI) at pH 3 (SPI3) and pH 8 (SPI8) were analyzed. Changes in protein solubility, surface hydrophobicity (Ho), and free sulfhydryl content (SH(F)) were determined. Protein aggregation and denaturation and changes in secondary structure were also studied. An increase in protein Ho and aggregation, a reduction of free SH, and a partial unfolding of 7S and 11S fractions were observed in HP-treated SPI8. Changes in secondary structure were also detected, which led to a more disordered structure. HP-treated SPI3 was partially denatured and presented insoluble aggregates. A major molecular unfolding, a decrease of thermal stability, and an increase of protein solubility and Ho were also detected. At 400 and 600 MPa, a decrease of the SH(F) and a total denaturation were observed.  相似文献   

Controversies and Solutions in Environmental Sciences     

Henner Hollert  Wolfgang Ahlf  Susanne Heise  Werner Manz  Marc Scrimshaw  Sue White 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2007,7(6):360-360

  相似文献   

Biological effects-based sediment quality in ecological risk assessment for European waters     

Pieter?J.?den?BestenEmail author  Eric?de?Deckere  Marc?P.?Babut  Beth?Power  T.?Angel?DelValls  Christina?Zago  Amy?M.?P.?Oen  Susanne?Heise 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2003,3(3):144-162

An overview is given of decision making frameworks for Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) used for sediment in a number of European countries. These frameworks fall into two categories:

•	Biological Effects-Based Assessment of in situ risks (referred to as in situ BEBA);
•	Biological Effects-Based Assessment of the ex situ quality of dredged sediments (referred to as ex situ BEBA).

The first approach is usually part of an evaluation of whether remediation is needed in order to control or reduce the ecological risks of sediment pollution in a given location. The purpose of the second approach is to evaluate the risks of possible (unconfined) disposal options for dredged sediment (including sediment that is dredged for navigational reasons). Important aspects are:

•	Objectives for sediment management;
•	The level of integration of BEBA in legal frameworks;
•	The use of chemical (numeric) SQG’s in BEBA and their integration with biological information;
•	The criteria used to infer effects and to classify sediment quality.

  相似文献