Bulk density by Proctor test as a function of texture for agricultural soils in Maputo province of Mozambique   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Alfredo B.J.C. Nhantumbo  Armindo H. Cambule 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,87(2):231-239

Soil degradation processes may be of various kinds, including soil compaction. The present study was carried out with the objective of assessing the sensitivity of agricultural or recently abandoned soils in Maputo province of Mozambique to compaction. The assessment is based on the maximum of bulk density attained using the Proctor test (MBD).

In this study the soil texture is expressed by silt plus clay (S + C) or clay (C). The relations between the soil texture and MBD, and between soil texture and critical water content (CWC—soil water at which MBD is attained) were determined. Selected soils range from 10 to 74% of S + C and 9 to 60% of C.

The results suggest there is a relationship between the considered parameters, being that between S + C and MBD or CWC, the best. For MBD the relationship is represented by two quadratic equations with the boundary in between these being a S + C value of 25% and C value of 20%.

Based on the obtained results, one can conclude that the selected parameters may be a useful basis for estimation of the sensitivity to compaction of the Maputo province's soils. It is recommended that similar studies be carried out for soils under forest land and for soil of other provinces to establish the national physical degradation hazard as a function of soil parameters determined routinely and at low cost. The suggested parameters are texture and soil organic matter (SOM).  相似文献   

Current status of rodents on islands in the Gulf of California     

Sergio Ticul Álvarez-Castañeda  Alfredo Ortega-Rubio 《Biological conservation》2003,109(2):157-163

On islands in the Gulf of California, many species and subspecies of rodents are relict species, restricted to the islands, and now considered extinct or verging on extinction. From 1991 to 1999, each island was surveyed and an average of 15 work-nights were spent on each island, for a total of 15,000 trap-nights. A Fourier series was used to estimate population density. Five native taxa are now considered extinct (Chaetodipus baileyi fornicatus, Peromyscus guardia mejiae, P. g. harbinsoni, P. pembertoni, and Neotoma bunkeri). Two species are at risk of extinction (Dipodomys insularis and Neotoma albigula varia). The most probable cause for extinction is the introduction of nonnative species, specifically cats. We believe that the most vulnerable rodent populations of the islands in the Gulf of California to non-native species are Neotoma lepida latirostra on Danzante island and Neotoma lepida abbreviata on San Francisco island, both in the state of Baja California Sur.  相似文献   

Genetic variation of the durum wheat landrace Haurani from different agro-ecological regions     

Mario A. Pagnotta  Alfredo Impiglia  Oronzo A. Tanzarella  Miloudi M. Nachit  Enrico Porceddu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,51(8):863-869

The durum wheat landrace Haurani (Triticum durum Desf.) is grown under contrasting climatic regions of Syria from Deir Ezzor, in the North-East (230 m altitude, 150 mm mean annual rainfall), to Qunaytra, in the South-West (1060 m altitude, 825 mm mean annual rainfall). In order to assess the genetic variation between and within Haurani populations, samples from eight provinces of Syria (Daraa, Damascus, Qunaytra, Deir Ezzor, Hassakeh, Aleppo, Homs and Hama) were analysed by RFLPs and seed storage proteins of glutenin subunits as markers. The analyses showed the presence of genetic polymorphisms in all populations with the highest values in those from Homs and Hassakeh. Moreover, the results point out differences in genetic distances between populations; some populations were further apart, such as Damascus and Aleppo, whereas others were closer to each other, for instance Homs and Hama. Cluster analysis identified two distinct groups of populations, characterized by geographical proximity, with similar rainfall and altitude. It is suggested that the similarity of landraces at locations close to each other might be the result of more frequent seed exchanges between farmers or of gene flow due to 5% estimated outcross rate of Haurani.  相似文献   

Linalool from Lippia alba: study of the reproducibility of the essential oil profile and the enantiomeric purity     

Siani AC  Tappin MR  Ramos MF  Mazzei JL  Ramos MC  De Aquino Neto FR  Frighetto N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(12):3518-3521

A new chemotype of the aromatic Verbenaceae species Lippia alba Mill. N. E. Br. from southeastern Brazil has recently been shown to have a high content of linalool in the leaf essential oil. Vegetative propagation of this chemotype was conducted at six different locations in Brazil, and the variation of the content and the optical purity of linalool in the oils were verified. Yields (0.6-0.9%, hydrodistillation), chemical composition, linalool content, and optical purity of the oils from all the plants were compared, using GC-FID, GC-MS, chiral chromatography, and retention index calculation. No plant exceeded the matrix in linalool content (46.5 to 90.7%), and the chemical profile of the oils was the same for all the samples. Purification of linalool to a content close to 100% was effected by vacuum distillation of the crude oil. Chiral analysis showed exclusively the presence of S-linalool in all the crude oils and in the distilled samples.  相似文献   

Generation of a Mixolab Profile After the Evaluation of the Functionality of Different Commercial Wheat Flours for Hot‐Press Tortilla Production     

Elieser S. Posner  Ana A. Chew‐Guevara  Marcelo Mitre‐Dieste  Esther Perez‐Carrillo  Erick Heredia‐Olea  Jeff D. Wilson  Sergio O. Serna‐Saldivar 《Cereal Chemistry》2014,91(2):139-145

Refined wheat flours commercially produced by five different U.S. and Mexican wheat blends intended for tortilla production were tested for quality and then processed into tortillas through the hot‐press forming procedure. Tortilla‐making qualities of the flour samples were evaluated during dough handling, hot pressing, baking, and the first five days on the shelf at room temperature. The predominant variables that affected the flour tortilla performance were wet gluten content, alveograph W (220–303) and P/L (0.70–0.94) parameters, farinograph water absorption (57%) and stability (10.8–18.7 min), starch damage (5.43–6.71%), and size distribution curves (uniform particle distribution). Flours produced from a blend of Dark Northern Spring (80%) and Mexican Rayon (20%) wheat had the highest water absorption, and tortillas obtained from this blend showed the highest diameter and lowest thickness. The whitest and best textured tortillas were obtained from the flour milled from three hard types of Mexican wheat blend. A Mixolab profile was generated from the best tortilla flours, those produced by mills 3 and 4. The Mixolab profile showed that a good flour for hot‐press tortillas had a relatively lower absorption and short dough mix time compared with a bread flour and should have a significantly higher gluten compared with an all‐purpose flour. Compared with bread flour, the tortilla flour had higher retrogradation and viscosity values. The Mixolab profile proved to be a good preliminary test to evaluate flours for hot‐press tortillas.  相似文献   

Modelling soil-water-plant relationships in the Cerrado soils of Brazil: The case of maize (Zea mays L.)     

Joseph B. Goodwin  Fernando L. Garagorry  Waldo Espinosa  Luis Marcelo Sans  Leif J. Youngdahl 《Agricultural Systems》1982,8(2):115-127

A soil-water balance simulation model developed for the Cerrado soils of central Brazil is presented. The model calculates daily soil water evaporation, plant transpiration and soil-water balance for fourteen soil layers of 15 mm each. The model includes a subroutine to calculate capillary water movement. Computer simulations of daily soil water levels at five soil depths (15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 cm) for a field of maize are compared with actual field measurements over an 80-day period. Results indicated that the developed model can, in general, estimate the soil-water balance of the various depths within ± 10% of actual measurements.  相似文献   

A PCR technique for the detection of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus in the blood suitable for the screening of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in field conditions     

De Las Heras M  Ortín A  Salvatori D  Pérez de Villareal M  Cousens C  Miguel Ferrer L  Miguel Cebrián L  García de Jalón JA  Gonzalez L  Michael Sharp J 《Research in veterinary science》2005,79(3):201-264

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a naturally occurring contagious lung neoplasia caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). Although no specific circulating antibodies against the virus can be detected in infected sheep, JSRV proviral DNA sequences can be found in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in clinically affected and in a proportion of in contact animals. In this study, existing hemi-nested PCR procedure is compared with a new one-step PCR technique that was developed to minimise potential DNA contamination and reduce sample and reagent handling. Different blood preparations were assessed and the best results were achieved on DNA prepared from buffy coat. The sensitivity of this PCR was lower in JSRV infected sheep without lesions of OPA than in clinically affected sheep, which indicate that this PCR may not be not fully appropriate for screening of individual sheep, but rather to provide results at flock level. This PCR is the only currently available blood test for detection of JSRV infected sheep and may be useful in epidemiological studies and in control programmes of OPA.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the internal vertebral venous plexus, vertebral canal, dural sac, and vertebral body via nonselective computed tomographic venography in the cervical vertebral column in healthy dogs     

Gómez MA  Jones JC  Broadstone RV  Inzana KD  Freeman LE 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(12):2039-2045

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate nonselective computed tomographic (CT) venography for evaluating the cervical internal vertebral venous plexus (IVVP), define the diameter and area dimensions of the IVVP, and determine the relationship between dimensions of the cervical IVVP and other vertebral components in medium-sized dogs. Animals-6 healthy dogs that weighed 18 to 27 kg. Procedure-Helical CT scans were performed from C1 to C7 before and after IV injection of contrast medium (480 mg of iodine/kg) and a continuous infusion (240 mg of iodine/kg). Image data were transferred to a CT workstation, and measurements were performed on displayed transverse images. Diameter and area measurements of the vertebral canal, dural sac, IVVP, and vertebral body were obtained at C3 to C7. RESULTS: Opacification of vertebral venous structures was achieved in all dogs with no adverse reactions. Sagittal diameters of the IVVP for C3 to C7 ranged from 0.6 to 3.2 mm. Transverse diameters ranged from 2.32 to 5.74 mm. The IVVP area represented 12.4% of the mean vertebral canal transverse area and 30.61% of the mean vertebral epidural space area. Area measurements of the IVVP were significantly correlated with vertebral canal area and dural sac area. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that nonselective CT venography is a safe, sensitive method for performing morphometric assessments of the cervical IVVP in dogs. Findings support the theory that there may be a physiologic or developmental relationship between cervical vertebral canal components.  相似文献   

Aerobic bacterial flora of the nasal cavity in Gulf of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups     

Hernández-Castro R  Martínez-Chavarría L  Díaz-Avelar A  Romero-Osorio A  Godínez-Reyes C  Zavala-González A  Verdugo-Rodríguez A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2005,170(3):359-363

Nasal swab samples from clinically healthy California sea lions pups (Zalophus californianus) from six different reproductive rookeries in the Gulf of California were collected to determine the type and frequency of the representative aerobic bacterial microflora of their nasal mucosa. A total of 114 samples were examined and 100 bacterial isolates were identified and typified by microbiological and biochemical standard tests. Fifty four isolates corresponded to Gram positive bacteria (54%) and 46 isolates to Gram negative bacteria (46%). Fifteen bacterial genera were identified, including Micrococcus, Arcanobacterium, Corynebacterium, Moraxella, Neisseria, Escherichia, Kurthia, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, Brevibacillus, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas and Aeromonas. The most frequently isolated genera were Moraxella (24%), Micrococcus (18%), and Corynebacterium (15%). These results show the presence in the nasal cavity of sea lions of several microorganisms. Although considered part of the normal microflora, they may also be opportunistic pathogens for their hosts and may act as a potential natural sentinel of environmental changes.  相似文献   

Seroepidemiology of neosporosis in dairy cattle in Uruguay     

Kashiwazaki Y  Gianneechini RE  Lust M  Gil J 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,120(1-2):139-144

A seroepidemiological survey of Neospora caninum was done in a dairy farm in Uruguay employing indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Sera from 217 cattle (155 cows, 31 heifers and 31 calves) were tested for N. caninum antibodies in July 2000 and it was found that abortions were significantly associated with the seropositivity of the cows by chi(2)-test (P = 0.025). The cows with an IFAT titre of 1:3200 were at a significantly higher risk of abortion than seronegative cows (P = 0.0013). Neospora organisms were detected in the brains of two aborted foetuses by immunohistochemical examination. The infection of N. caninum was considered postnatal because of the even distribution of seropositive cows (60%), low seroprevalence (20%) in calves and no significant correlation in the serostatus between calves and their dams (P = 0.43). A fitted binomial generalised linear model revealed that there was an increasing risk of abortion with increasing IFAT titre and increasing age between 2 and 6 years.  相似文献