Dairy science and health in the tropics: challenges and opportunities for the next decades     

Hernández-Castellano  Lorenzo E.  Nally  Jarlath E.  Lindahl  Johanna  Wanapat  Metha  Alhidary  Ibrahim A.  Fangueiro  David  Grace  Delia  Ratto  Marcelo  Bambou  Jean Christophe  de Almeida  André M. 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(5):1009-1017

In the next two decades, the world population will increase significantly; the majority in the developing countries located in the tropics of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. To feed such a population, it is necessary to increase the availability of food, particularly high-value animal protein foods produced locally, namely meat and dairy products. Dairy production in tropical regions has a lot of growth potential, but also poses a series of problems, particularly as dairy production systems were developed in temperate countries and in most cases are difficult to implement in the tropics. Drawbacks include hot weather and heat stress, the lack of availability of adequate feeds, poor infrastructure, and cold chain and the competition with cheap imports from temperate countries. This position paper reviews the major drawbacks in dairy production for the five major dairy species: cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goat, and camel, as well as the future trends in research and development. It also concerns the major trends in reproduction and production systems and health issues as well as environmental concerns, particularly those related to greenhouse gas emissions. Tropical Animal Health and Production now launches a topical collection on Tropical Dairy Science. We aim to publish interesting and significant papers in tropical dairy science. On behalf of the editorial board of the Tropical Animal Health and Production, we would like to invite all authors working in this field to submit their works on this topic to this topical collection in our journal.

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Carcass characteristics and meat quality of sheep fed alfalfa hay to replace Bermuda grass hay     

da Silva  José Ricardo Coelho  de Carvalho  Francisco Fernando Ramos  de Andrade Fereira  Marcelo  de Souza  Evaristo Jorge Oliveira  Maciel  Maria Inês Sucupira  Barreto  Lígia Maria Gomes  Lopes  Levi Auto  Cordeiro  Eduardo Henrique Araújo  Véras  Antonia Sherlânea Chaves 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(8):2455-2463

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass characteristics, meat quality, and organ and viscera weight of forty male sheep, not castrated, initially...  相似文献   

A preliminary investigation of Ehrlichia species in ticks, humans, dogs, and capybaras from Brazil     

Labruna MB  McBride JW  Camargo LM  Aguiar DM  Yabsley MJ  Davidson WR  Stromdahl EY  Williamson PC  Stich RW  Long SW  Camargo EP  Walker DH 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,143(2):189-195

A molecular epidemiologic investigation in two Brazilian states (Rondônia and São Paulo) was undertaken to determine if Ehrlichia species responsible for human and animal ehrlichioses in North America could be found in Brazilian vectors, potential natural mammalian reservoirs and febrile human patients with a tick bite history. Samples, including 376 ticks comprising 9 Amblyomma species, 29 capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) spleens, 5 canine blood, and 75 human blood samples from febrile patients with history of tick bites were tested by a real-time PCR assay targeting a fragment of the Ehrlichia dsb gene. Ehrlichia DNA was not detected in any tick, capybara or human samples. In contrast, 4 out of 5 dogs contained Ehrlichia canis DNA in their blood, which were sequenced, representing the first report of E. canis infecting dogs in the Amazon region of Brazil. Further studies are needed to evaluate the presence of other agents of human and animal ehrlichioses in Brazil.  相似文献   

Special Feature: Recent problems in oak decline Preface     

H. Spiecker  K. W. Gottschalk 《Forest Pathology》1998,28(2):89-89

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Effects of Sewage on the Chemical Composition of Piracicaba River,Brazil     

Martinelli  Luiz A.  Krusche  Alex V.  Vicgoria  Reynaldo L.  De Camargo  Plinio B.  Bernardes  Marcelo  Ferraz  Epaminondas S.  De Moraes  Jorge M.  Ballester  Maria Victoria 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1999,110(1-2):67-79

Water samples were collected from 7 locations along major rivers of Piracicaba River basin for 22 months. The 4 upstream points represent non-polluted sites and the 3 downriver points represent polluted sites. Due to sewage input, concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), major conservative cations and anions increased significantly in the polluted sites. The major increases were observed for sodium, chloride and sulfate. Nitrate was an exception for this pattern, with similar concentrations between polluted and non-polluted sites. The probable cause was reduction of nitrate to ammonium in the polluted sites, where anoxic conditions prevail. Most of the variables had an inverse correlation with water discharge, especially in the polluted points. The sewage load was diluted by precipitation and surface waters.  相似文献   

Pituitary function and morphology in two German shepherd dogs with congenital dwarfism.     

F Hamann  H S Kooistra  J A Mol  S Gottschalk  T Bartels  A Rijnberk 《The Veterinary record》1999,144(23):644-646

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Growth and feeding of Patagonian pejerrey Odontesthes hatcheri reared in net cages     

Juan Pablo Hualde  Walter Damián Ceferino Torres  Pablo Moreno  Mirna Ferrada  Mariela Ana Demicheli  Leonardo Javier Molinari  Carlos Marcelo Luquet 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(6):754-763

An experiment was performed to evaluate the performance of Patagonian pejerrey during net cage rearing in the oligomesotrophic reservoir Exequiel Ramos Mexía. Survival, growth, nutrition and reproduction were evaluated for two lots of pejerrey, initial weights 4.0 and 2.5 g, reared in net cages for 22 and 14 months respectively. Fish were stocked at 29 and 48 individuals m^?3 densities and fed with an experimental pejerrey feed. During the experiment, temperature fluctuated between 6.6 and 19.6 °C. The two lots did not show substantial differences in survival (pooled survival at the end of the experiment >80%) and the thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC), daily feed intake and feeding efficiency were 0.43±0.19, 1.70±0.80 and 53.6±9.9 respectively. Digestive tract analysis showed that caged pejerrey can consume substantial quantities of natural food, taking advantage of its planktivorous condition. Pejerrey showed high percentage survival, slow growth and early sexual maturation in captivity. The use of the TGC is proposed as a model for describing the growth pattern of this species and other pejerrey under culture conditions.  相似文献   

Sperm cryopreservation of tiete tetra Brycon insignis (Characiformes): effects of cryoprotectants,extenders, thawing temperatures and activating agents on motility features     

Ana T M Viveiros  Thiciana B Amaral  Laura H Orfão  Ziara A Isaú  Danilo Caneppele  Marcelo C Leal 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(6):858-865

The aim of this study was to test the effects of cryoprotectants [dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and methylglycol], extenders (0.9% NaCl, 5% glucose, Beltsville Thawing Solution^? and Merck III^?), thawing temperatures (30 and 60 °C) and activating agents (0.29% NaCl and 1% NaHCO₃) on the cryopreservation process of tiete tetra Brycon insignis sperm. Sperm was loaded in 0.5 mL straws, frozen in nitrogen vapour at ?170 °C and stored in liquid nitrogen. Post‐thaw sperm quality was evaluated in terms of subjective motility rate, quality motility score (0=no movement; 5=rapidly swimming spermatozoa), duration of motility and vitality (eosin–nigrosin staining). Post‐thaw sperm motility rate was greater in methylglycol (76–88%), compared with DMSO (23–59%). In general, the highest quality motility scores were observed when sperm was thawed at 30 °C and triggered in 1% NaHCO₃ (3.5–4.3). Duration of motility was longer when triggered in 1% NaHCO₃ (95–120 s) compared with 0.29% NaCl (69–107 s). Sperm vitality was not affected by any of the parameters tested and varied from 51% to 69% intact sperm. Brycon insignis sperm frozen in methylglycol combined with any of the extenders tested and using the methods described above yields motility above 57% and that should last long enough to fertilize oocytes.  相似文献   

Effects of photoperiod on survival and growth of the marine pejerrey Odontesthes argentinensis larvae     

Luciano Siqueira Freitas  Ricardo Vieira Rodrigues  Marcelo Hideo Okamoto  Luiz Roberto Louzada  & Luís André Sampaio 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(2):252-255

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Effect of dietary protein content on growth rate,survival and body composition of juvenile cauque river prawn,Macrobrachium americanum (Bate 1868)          下载免费PDF全文

Yuniel Méndez‐Martínez  Stig Yamasaki‐Granados  Marcelo U García‐Guerrero  Luis R Martínez‐Córdova  Marta E Rivas‐Vega  Fabiola G Arcos‐Ortega  Edilmar Cortés‐Jacinto 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(3):741-751

We determined the effect of four concentrations of dietary crude protein, 30.7, 37.2, 41.8 and 46.8% on growth rate, survival and body composition of the juvenile cauque river prawn (Macrobrachium americanum). The prawns were hatched in the laboratory from the spawn of one wild ovigerous female. Prawns consuming 37.2% crude protein reached a final weight of 0.58 g (feed conversion ratio of 2.15), which was significantly better than the other treatments. Survival was 100% in all treatments. Protein content in the diets had no significant effect on whole body proximate composition and amino acid profile. Juveniles consuming the 37.2% crude protein diet grew faster than those fed the other diets. Specific growth rate was adjusted to the two‐slope broken‐line regression analysis model to estimate the optimal protein requirement. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the 37.2% protein level diet is optimal for juvenile cauque river prawn M. americanum in the experimental conditions of this study.  相似文献