Esparto wool as reinforcement in hybrid polyurethane composite foams     

Marcelo Antunes  Álvaro CanoLaia Haurie  José Ignacio Velasco 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(3):1641-1648

In the present work polyurethane foams containing variable concentrations of nano-sized clay and esparto wool were prepared and studied, with the objective of developing new multi-scalar rigid foams. The addition of montmorillonite clay favoured foaming and the formation of finer and homogeneous cellular structures, resulting in foams with compressive elastic moduli and collapse stresses lower than that of the polyurethane foams. Nevertheless, a comparative analysis versus the foams’ relative density demonstrated that both properties follow one single trend for the two materials. The combination of esparto and montmorillonite further reduced the cell size of foams, at the same time promoting higher open cell contents, resulting in the foams with the lowest mechanical properties. Although no important differences in thermal conductivity were found with adding montmorillonite, its value decreasing with reducing the relative density, the incorporation of esparto led to higher thermal conductivities, independently of the relative density. The combination of esparto and montmorillonite resulted in foams with thermal conductivities halfway between the esparto-reinforced and the montmorillonite-reinforced foams, related to a higher open cell content.  相似文献   

New invasion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bemisia tabaci</Emphasis> Mediterranean species in Brazil associated to ornamental plants     

Letícia Aparecida de Moraes  Julio Massaharu Marubayashi  Valdir Atsushi Yuki  Murad Ghanim  Vinicius Henrique Bello  Bruno Rossitto De Marchi  Leonardo da Fonseca Barbosa  Laura M. Boykin  Renate Krause-Sakate  Marcelo Agenor Pavan 《Phytoparasitica》2017,45(4):517-525

In Brazil, the first major invasion event of Bemisia tabaci was that of Middle East–Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) species, formerly termed as B biotype, which commenced in the 1990s mainly by ornamental plants in São Paulo State. More than two decades after this invasion, the presence of the Mediterranean (MED) species of B. tabaci, formerly Q biotype, was reported in Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost State of Brazil, and now in São Paulo and Paraná States, in southeastern Brazil. Specimens of whiteflies collected from commercial begonia, hydrangea, petunia and poinsettia greenhouses in São Paulo, and also from begonias and poinsettias collected in flower shops in Paraná, were all identified as belonging to MED species. Furthermore, the secondary endosymbionts Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella and Rickettsia of MED from São Paulo and Paraná were detected by PCR and their presence confirmed by sequencing and FISH analysis, and those results differed from MED detected in Rio Grande do Sul that harbored only Hamiltonella and Cardinium. Our results suggest a new MED invasion into Brazil and is associated with ornamental plants. The two MED populations are genetically different and suggest that they are separate invasions.  相似文献   

Cardiopulmonary effects of reverse Trendelenburg position at 5° and 10° in sevoflurane-anesthetized steers     

Marcelo A. Araújo  Maurício Deschk  Juliana T. Wagatsuma  Beatriz P. Floriano  Carlos E. Siqueira  Valéria NLS. Oliva  Paulo SP. Santos 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):854-864

Objective

To assess the cardiopulmonary effects caused by reverse Trendelenburg position (RTP) at 5° and 10° in sevoflurane-anesthetized yearling steers.

Study design

Prospective, experimental study.

Animals

Eight Holstein steers aged (mean ± standard deviation) 12 ± 2 months and weighing 145 ± 26 kg.

Methods

In the first phase of the study, the individual minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane was determined using electrical stimulation. In the second phase, the effects of RTP were assessed. The animals were anesthetized on three separate events separated by ≥7 days in an incomplete crossover design: control treatment using a table without tilt (RTP0); treatment with the table at 5° RTP (RTP5) and table tilted 10° RTP (RTP10). Subjects were physically restrained in dorsal recumbency on the table, which was already tilted according to each treatment. Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane at 8% in 5 L minute^–1 oxygen via face mask followed by maintenance with sevoflurane at 1.3 MAC and spontaneous breathing. Cardiopulmonary variables were obtained immediately after instrumentation (T₀) and then after 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes (T₃₀, T₆₀, T₁₂₀ and T₁₈₀, respectively).

Results

The mean sevoflurane MAC for the eight steers was 2.12 ± 0.31%. Cardiac output was lower at all time points and the systemic vascular resistance index was higher at T₁₂₀ and T₁₈₀ in RTP10 compared with RTP0. Oxygen consumption was lower at T₀ and at T₁₈₀ in RTP10 compared with RTP0 and at all time points except T₃₀ compared with RTP5. Oxygen extraction was lower at T₀ in RTP10 compared with RTP0 and RTP5, and at T₆₀ and T₁₈₀ compared with RTP5.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

RTP 5° and 10° did not improve ventilatory and oxygenation variables in sevoflurane-anesthetized steers when compared with no tilt, however the cardiovascular variables were adversely affected in RTP10.  相似文献   

Hydraulic Retention Time Influence on Improving Flocculation in the Activated Sludge Processes Through Polyelectrolytes     

Cristina E. Almeida-Naranjo  Patricio J. Espinoza-Montero  Marcelo I. Muñoz-Rodríguez  Cristina A. Villamar-Ayala 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(7):253

Hydraulic retention time (HRT) influence improving sludge flocculation with adding the polyelectrolytes (non-ionic, anionic, and cationic) was studied on an activated sludge (AS) system fed with synthetic domestic wastewater (SDW), dairy industry wastewater (DIW), and caramel industry wastewater (CIW). The sludge volumetric index, food/microorganism ratio (F/M), and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids at different HRTs (6, 8 and 10 h) were monitored on an experimental model. Results showed that both SDW and IW had the best sludge flocculation conditions at 8 h and 100 mL of non-ionic polyelectrolyte (0.2 mg L^?1). In addition, this phenomenon reached the organic matter removal efficiencies of 95.9, 95.7, and 94.2% for SDW, DIW, and CIW, respectively. Therefore, optimum HRT increased the organic matter removal efficiencies by 10%, sludge concentration by 37% (22–55%), and F/M ratio by 70%. Moreover, the polyelectrolytes used in AS improved the sludge flocculation by 2.9 times.  相似文献   

Individual leaf area estimations of a dioecious tropical tree species <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carpotroche brasiliensis</Emphasis> (Raddi) A. Gray,Achariaceae     

Ediófila Brito-Rocha  Letícia dos Anjos  Ana Cristina Schilling  Ândrea Carla Dalmolin  Marcelo S. Mielke 《Agroforestry Systems》2017,91(1):9-15

Carpotroche brasiliensis is a dioecious tree species native of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Due to medical and industrial use of the oil extracted from its seeds, C. brasiliensis has a great potential for cultivation as non-timber forest product in agroforestry systems. This study was conducted with the objective to analyze the leaf dimensions of male and female adult trees and seedlings of C. brasiliensis. Two hypotheses were tested: (a) leaf dimensions do not differ between male and female adult genotypes; and (b) it is possible to develop single regression models for predicting leaf area (LA) from dimensional variables encompassing male and female adult genotypes and seedlings. LA, leaf length (L) and maximum leaf width (W) were measured in leaves collected from seven male and seven female adult genotypes and three seedling lots. The feasibility of using a single model for leaves of males and females, and seedlings and adults, was tested by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The prediction errors (PE) for each of the regression models were calculated from the cross-validation method. The average values of L, W and LA were, respectively, 136, 142 and 457 % higher in adults than in seedlings, and the average values of leaf shapes (L:W) of seedlings were intermediate between the average values of L:W of adult males and females. The average values of L did not differ between adult males and females, but significant differences were observed between males and females for W, LA and L:W (both p < 0.01, nested ANOVA). The mean L:W values of adult males and females, and seedlings, indicate that leaf shape should be used as a criterion for sex differentiation in this species. It was not possible to develop single models encompassing adult males and females, and seedlings; but high accurate predictive models of LA from L × W measurements were developed for adult males (R² = 0.98, PE = 0.69, n = 350), adult females (R² = 0.98, PE = 0.01, n = 350), and seedlings (R² = 0.99, PE = 6.80, n = 150).  相似文献   

Liming as an ameliorator of copper toxicity in black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.)     

Vítor Gabriel Ambrosini  Daniel José Rosa  Alex Basso  Marcelo Borghezan  Rosete Pescador  Alcione Miotto 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(3):404-416

This study aimed to assess the effect of liming as an ameliorator of copper (Cu) toxicity in black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) grown in soil with a sandy texture. The treatments were soil supplementation with increasing doses of lime (0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 g kg^?1) and two of Cu (0 and 50 mg kg^?1). Pre-germinated black oat seeds were sown for 30 days in the soil, subsequently, the plant height, root and shoot dry mass and concentration of total chlorophyll, chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids and total soluble carbohydrates and starch were analyzed. The dose of 50 mg kg^?1 soil Cu caused a toxic effect on black oat plant growth and development, affected the internal distribution of nutrients, decreased the leaf chlorophyll concentration and increased the leaf concentration of total soluble carbohydrates and starch. Increasing lime doses ameliorated the toxic effects of Cu.  相似文献   

Inheritance of coffee leaf rust resistance and identification of AFLP markers linked to the resistance gene     

Giovani Greigh de Brito  Eveline Teixeira Caixeta  Ana Paula Gallina  Eunize Maciel Zambolim  Laércio Zambolim  Valdir Diola  Marcelo Elhers Loureiro 《Euphytica》2010,173(2):255-264

The most important disease of Coffea arabica is coffee leaf rust caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix. The purpose of this study was to characterize the inheritance of coffee resistance gene(s) to race II of this pathogen and to identify and map molecular markers linked to this trait. Different populations were used: F₂ (160 plants), BCr (20), and BCs (135), derived from a cross between the resistant genotype Híbrido de Timor UFV 427-15 and the susceptible cultivar Catuaí Amarelo UFV 2143-236 (IAC 30). The segregation analysis showed that the resistance of Híbrido de Timor to race II of the H. vastatrix is conferred by a single dominant gene. The amplification of 176 AFLP (Amplified fragment length polymorphism) primer combinations using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) allowed the identification of three molecular markers linked to the resistance gene. Genetic mapping of these three markers in the F₂ population indicated that they are distributed on both sides, flanking the resistance gene. The markers E.CTC/M.TTT405 and E.CGT/M.TGT300 were found linked to the resistance gene at 8.69 cM (LOD 18.91) and 25.10 cM (LOD 5.37), respectively, while E.CCT/M.TTC230 was localized on the other side of the gene, at 20.50 cM (LOD 6.15). These markers are the first rust resistance markers identified in Híbrido de Timor and can be useful for marker assisted selection in coffee breeding programs.  相似文献   

Effect of selenium and vitamin E on oxidative stress in lambs experimentally infected with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haemonchus contortus</Emphasis>     

Marta Lizandra do Reo Leal  Emmanuel Veiga de Camargo  Daniel Henrique Ross  Marcelo Beltrão Molento  Sonia Terezinha dos Anjos Lopes  João Batista Teixeira da Rocha 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(6):549-555

The objective of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress in lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and supplemented with selenium and vitamin E. Twenty male Corriedale lambs were divided into four experimental groups with five animals each: G1 consisted of animals infected and supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg of live weight (LW) sodium selenite by intramuscular injection (IM); G2 consisted of animals infected with larvae and supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg LW sodium selenite IM and 2000 IU per animal of Vitamin E IM; G3 consisted of animals infected with larvae and supplemented with 2000 IU per animal of Vitamin E IM; and G4 consisted of animals infected with larvae. The animals were infected orally with 500 H. contortus larvae (L3) every 48 hours for 20 days. For biochemical analyses and eggs per grams of feces (EPG) evaluation, blood and feces were both collected at zero (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2) and 60 (T3) days. The weight of the animals was also measured at these times. Lower TBARS values were observed in the supplemented animals compared to the control group. The groups supplemented with Selenium exhibited blood GSH-Px activity higher than that of non-supplemented animals. Supplementation with selenium provided greater antioxidant protection against oxidative stress generated from experimental infection of lambs with H. contortus.  相似文献   

Bupivacaine 0.25% and methylene blue spread with epidural anesthesia in dog     

Cesar D Freire  Marcelo L A Torres  Denise T Fantoni†  Ruben L Cavalcanti‡  & Jessica Noel-Morgan† 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2010,37(1):63-69

ObjectiveTo evaluate the extent sensory and motor blocks produced by the epidural injection of different volumes of 0.25% bupivacaine (Bu) with methylene blue (MB), in dogs.Study designProspective experimental trial.AnimalsTwenty healthy adult mongrel dogs, weighing 9.9 ± 1.9 kg.MethodsDogs were randomly allocated into one of four groups that received 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 or 0.8 mL kg^?1 of an epidural solution containing 0.25% Bu and MB. Sensory block was evaluated against time by pinching the tail, hind limb interdigital web, toenail bases and the skin over the vertebral dermatomes. Motor block was assessed by ataxia, hind limb weight-bearing ability and by loss of muscle tone of the tail and pelvic limbs. Data were collected at 2, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes after the end of epidural injection. After the final time point, dogs were euthanatized and laminectomies were conducted to expose the extent of the dural dye staining.ResultsThe volumes 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mL kg^?1 of 0.25% Bu and MB blocked a mean of 5, 14.2, 20.2 and 21 dermatomes, respectively. The extent of the senory block increased up to a volume of 0.6 mL kg^?1. Motor block was longer-lasting and more intense than sensory block. Complete dyeing of the spinal cord with MB was achieved in some dogs at 0.4 mL kg^?1 and all dogs at 0.6 mL kg^?1.ConclusionsThe volume of anesthetic injected into the epidural space plays an important role in the quality of the epidural anesthesia. At 0.25%, bupivacaine provided an efficient sensory block at 0.6 mL kg^?1.Clinical relevanceRelatively high volumes (0.6 mL kg^?1) of 0.25%, BU and MB were needed to produce an effective sensory and motor block caudal to the umbilicus, but all spinal cord segments were reached by MB at this dose.  相似文献   

Apple scab control and activation of plant defence responses using potassium phosphite and chitosan     

Ricardo B. Felipini  José I. Boneti  Yoshinori Katsurayama  Argus C. Rocha Neto  Beatriz Veleirinho  Marcelo Maraschin  Robson M. Di Piero 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,145(4):929-939

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