Identification of novel alleles from wild barley for the improvement of alpha‐amylase and related malt quality traits          下载免费PDF全文

Suong T. Cu  Timothy J. March  Sophia Degner  Jason K. Eglinton 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(6):663-670

Germplasms consisting of 64 wild barley accessions (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) were examined for polymorphisms in α‐amylase using both isoelectric focusing (IEF) and thermostability assays. Wide variation was found for the high pI α‐amylase with 20 IEF band patterns identified. Enzyme activity and thermostability assays showed large differences among α‐amylase isoenzymes. Two wild accessions Tel‐Shoket CPI 77146‐32 and Afiq CPI 77128‐41 showed superior enzyme activity and thermostability compared with commercial varieties such as ‘Baudin’, ‘Flagship’ or ‘Navigator’. The functionality of the Tel‐Shoket allele was validated in backcross lines with ‘Flagship’ as the recurrent parent. The Tel‐Shoket allele at the amy1 locus increased α‐amylase thermostability at 75°C by 8.4% and α‐amylase activity in kilned malt by 18.7%. The introgression of the wild allele also led to significant improvements in fermentability, hot water extract and viscosity. Gene sequencing showed that there are three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Tel‐Shoket amy1 sequence, which can be used as diagnostic markers for the selection of this allele in breeding programmes.  相似文献   

Spatial variability of the physical quality of soil from management zones     

de Oliveira  José Francirlei  Mayi  Stanislas  Marchão  Robélio Leandro  Corazza  Edemar Joaquim  Hurtado  Sandro Carmelino  Malaquias  Juaci Vitória  Tavares Filho  João  Brossard  Michel  Guimarães  Maria de Fátima 《Precision Agriculture》2019,20(6):1251-1273

Precision Agriculture - The uniform management of soil, without considering the local soil spatial variability of its properties, may accelerate its degradation process. The objectives of this...  相似文献   

Apparatus for hourly aphid assessments with yellow water traps     

W. M. TH. J. De Brouwer  L. J. B. Cornelissen  P. C. Van Zwet 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1974,80(2):75-76

Samenvatting Er wordt een apparaat beschreven om automatisch per uur bladluisvangsten te verrichten. De apparatuur bestaat uit 24 gele vangbakken, die ieder één uur per etmaal open staan. Onder de vangbak bevindt zich een Servo-motor, die op het gewenste tijdstip een deksel over de bak schuift of wegschuift (Fig. 1). De Servo-motor krijgt het commando daartoe van een programma-schakelaar (Fig. 2).  相似文献   

Concluding remarks     

Ralph B. March 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1984,22(2):202

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Social and genetic determinants of size variation in tanks of Nauyuk, Norwegian, and hybrid Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.)     

B G E de  March 《Aquaculture Research》1997,28(5):305-315

An experiment was performed to determine the relative importance of social and genetic factors on the development of size variation in tanks of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.). Growth and the development of size variation were monitored for approximately 300 days in one-year-old fish from 18 families of Nauyuk, Norwegian and hybrid charr. Initial mean weights ranged between 21 and 85 g, and initial CVs (CV= coefficient of variation = 100 X standard deviation / mean) were between 4% and 52%. The final mean fish weights and variances of weight in tanks were highly predictable in terms of initial mean weights, initial variances, and elapsed time, suggesting that the same social influences were present in test tanks. Changes in CV depended on both the initial mean weights and initial CVs. The largest increases in CV occurred in tanks of small fish with initially small CVs and the largest decreases in tanks of large fish with initially large CVs. In general, tanks tended toward CVs of 20–40%, with tanks of initially small fish tending toward the larger CVs. On the basis of the observed results, it is suggested that to optimize growth and minimize size variation, charr should be sorted to CVs between 25% and 35% and then cultured at high densities (> 40 kg m-³). As expected, there were significant differences in strain and family growth rates. However, the relationship between size variation and mean weight did not differ between strains, but differed slightly but significantly between families within strains. These effects were weak compared with social effects. It is concluded that social factors are the most important in determining the growth of individual charr, and may have confounded previous experiments examining the genetic basis of growth.  相似文献   

Use of the ADVIA 120 for differentiating extracellular and intracellular hemoglobin     

March H  Barger A  McCullough S  Schaeffer D  Macwilliams P 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2005,34(2):106-109

BACKGROUND: The use of cell-free hemoglobin (Hgb) solutions, such as Oxyglobin (Biopure Corp, Cambridge, MA, USA), as a blood substitute for the treatment of acute anemias is increasing in veterinary medicine. These solutions interfere with colorimetric tests, which do not discriminate between cellular Hgb (Hgb-cell) from the patient and extracellular Hgb (Hgb-delta) from the Oxyglobin, and therefore make the monitoring of anemia, based on Hgb concentration, difficult. The ADVIA 120 hematology analyzer (Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA) evaluates Hgb by 2 methods, a standard cyanmethemoglobin colorimetric method and flow cytometry, and therefore might provide the means to differentiate extracellular and intracellular Hgb. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy and precision of the ADVIA 120 in differentiating extracellular from intracellular Hgb. METHODS: Anticoagulated whole blood samples from 10 healthy dogs were analyzed in triplicate on the ADVIA 120. Hgb-delta concentration was determined by adding Oxyglobin (13 g/dL) to the whole blood samples at dilutions of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, and 1:32. Hgb-cell and Hgb-total values were calculated and compared with actual values by linear regression. Analyses were done in triplicate and repeated 9 consecutive times to evaluate intra-assay precision of Hgb-total and Hgb-cell determinations. RESULTS: Correlation between Hgb values obtained by colorimetric (Hb-total) and flow cytometric (Hgb-cell) methods on whole blood samples was high (R(2) = .99; n = 10) with a slope of 0.96 and intercept of 0. Correlation between actual and predicted Hgb-cell values also was high (R(2) = .99), with a small positive bias (0.289 +/- 0.185; n = 60). Intra-assay precisions were high, with most coefficients of variation <2%. CONCLUSION: The ADVIA 120 is capable of differentiating Hgb-cell from Hgb-delta. The flow cytometric method is accurate and precise when compared with the cyanmethemoglobin method. A small bias between the results is unlikely to be clinically significant but may affect the ability of the ADVIA to differentiate small quantities (<0.3 g/dL) of Hgb-delta.  相似文献   

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in the Thrace region of Turkey     

Ozdemir U  Ozdemir E  March JB  Churchward C  Nicholas RA 《The Veterinary record》2005,156(9):286-287

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Comparison of the effect of propofol and sevoflurane on the urethral pressure profile in healthy female dogs     

Byron JK  March PA  DiBartola SP  Chew DJ  Muir WW 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(10):1288-1292

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on the urethral pressure profile in female dogs. ANIMALS: 10 healthy female dogs. PROCEDURE: Urethral pressure profilometry was performed in awake dogs, during anesthesia with sevoflurane at 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0% end-tidal concentration, and during infusion of propofol at rates of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mg/kg/min. A consistent plane of anesthesia was maintained for each anesthetic protocol. Maximum urethral pressure, maximum urethral closure pressure, functional profile length, and functional area were measured. RESULTS: Mean maximum urethral closure pressure of awake dogs was not significantly different than that of dogs anesthetized with propofol at all infusion rates or with sevoflurane at 1.5 and 2.0% end-tidal concentration. Functional area in awake dogs was significantly higher than in anesthetized dogs. Functional area of dogs during anesthesia with sevoflurane at 3.0% end-tidal concentration was significantly lower than functional area for other anesthetic protocols. Individual differences in the magnitude of effects of propofol and sevoflurane on urethral pressures were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Sevoflurane is an alternative to propofol for anesthesia in female dogs undergoing urethral pressure profilometry. Use of these anesthetics at appropriate administration rates should reliably distinguish normal from abnormal maximum urethral closure pressures and functional areas. Titration of anesthetic depth is a critical component of urodynamic testing.  相似文献   

Minimum alveolar concentration measures of central nervous system activation in cats anesthetized with isoflurane     

March PA  Muir WW 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(12):1528-1533

OBJECTIVE: To compare the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane required to prevent corticocerebral activation, autonomic responses, and purposeful movements after somatic or visceral stimulation in cats anesthetized with isoflurane. ANIMALS: 17 healthy spayed female cats. PROCEDURE: Bispectral index (BIS), autonomic parameters, and purposeful movements were monitored before and after somatic or visceral stimuli in cats anesthetized with isoflurane. End-tidal (ET) isoflurane concentration was varied to determine MAC values for cortical arousal (MAC(BIS)), autonomic responsiveness (MAC(BAR)), and purposeful movement (MAC). Bispectral index values > or = 60 were considered to represent corticocerebral activation. RESULTS: Minimum alveolar concentration for purposeful movement was significantly less than MAC(BIS) and MAC(BAR) for both somatic and visceral stimulation. Individual MAC values for somatic stimulation were not significantly different from respective MAC values for visceral stimulation. The percentage of cats that had a BIS response > or = 60 was inversely related to the end-tidal isoflurane concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Corticocerebral arousal and subcortical autonomic reflexes occured at isoflurane anesthetic concentrations at which reflexive or purposeful movements were absent. These results suggested that isoflurane had a preferential effect on voluntary motor output at low end-tidal isoflurane concentrations, and that sensory pathways, subcortical sympathetic output, and cortical responsiveness are less susceptible to the anesthetic effects of isoflurane. Bispectral index values obtained after somatic or visceral stimulation were sensitive for the detection of early changes in cortical excitability.  相似文献   

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and vaccine strain T1/44     

March JB 《The Veterinary record》2002,150(22):699

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